Stacy B. McLaughlin -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Tony. I'd like to add my welcome to those joining us on today's call. I'll start with an overview of our income statement, then our balance sheet, and finally, our guidance.

Total contract revenue for the second quarter of 2019 increased 75% to $104.4 million from $59.8 million for the second quarter of 2018. The increase was driven by growth in our Energy segment, primarily related to the contributions from our recent acquisitions. Net revenue defined as contract revenue minus subcontractor services and other direct costs was $46.8 million, an increase of 36% from $34.3 million in the year ago quarter.

Within the Energy segment, net revenue increased by 60%. Within the Engineering and Consulting segment, net revenue increased by 2%. Direct costs of contract revenue were $73.2 million for the second quarter of 2019, an increase of 100%, from $36.7 million in the same period last year. The increase was primarily related to the growth in contract revenue resulting from the recent acquisition.

Additionally, we had disproportionately high project start-up costs compared to the revenue we recognized on those programs. Our direct costs of contracts revenue were 70% of our total contract revenue in the second quarter of 2019 compared with 61% in the same period of the prior year. The increase was primarily attributable to the impact of our recent acquisitions which has programs that utilize a higher percentage of subcontractors and included significant amount of material and equipment costs that are passed through.

General and administrative expenses for the second quarter were $28.4 million compared to $19 million for the prior year period. The increase was primarily driven by higher salaries and wages related to the personnel added through the last three acquisitions and the investment we are making in the California investor owned utility procurements. The California proposal investment we made this quarter was approximately $2 million. The remainder of the increase was primarily due to $1.8 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense, largely due to the increase in intangible assets resulting from our acquisition. We also had an increase in stock-based compensation expense of approximately $600,000.

Our second quarter results in 2019 include approximately $340,000 in acquisition costs. We generated operating income of $2.8 million for the second quarter of 2019 compared to operating income of $4.2 million in the second quarter of 2018. We incurred $1.2 million in interest expense in the second quarter of 2019 compared to $30,000 in the same period last year. The increase was due to the debt utilized to finance our recent acquisition.

During the second quarter, we recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $70,000, primarily attributable to various tax deductions and tax credits. Net income for the second quarter of 2019 was $1.6 million or $0.14 per diluted share, compared with net income of $3.3 million or $0.36 per diluted share in the same period last year. On an adjusted basis, excluding stock-based compensation, intangible amortization and transaction costs, our net income was $5 million or $0.43 per diluted share. Adjusted EBITDA was $7.6 million for the second quarter of 2019, compared with $7.3 million for the second quarter of 2018.

Turning to the balance sheet. We had $27.6 million in cash and cash equivalents at June 28th, 2019, which was up from the end of the previous fiscal year -- quarter, excuse me. Our cash flow from operations was $12.5 million in the first six months of the year. As of June 28th, 2019, we had $100 million term loan outstanding, but no amounts outstanding on our revolving credit facility or our delayed draw term loans.

In the back half of the year, we expect revenue to accelerate and organic growth to increase due to work that we have already booked. This year we will have increased funding from each of our four largest clients, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, Con Edison, Duke Energy and the Dormitory Authority of the State of New York that will drive the ramp in the back half of the year. We expect margins to rise significantly compared to the first half of the year.

Turning to our outlook. I would like to update our financial targets for fiscal 2019. For the full year, we now expect net revenue to range between $185 million and $205 million; adjusted diluted EPS to range between $2.40 and $2.50; an effective tax rate of approximately 24%; a diluted share count of 11.8 million shares; depreciation of approximately $3.5 million; amortization of approximately $9.3 million. Stock-based compensation of approximately $11.9; and interest expense of approximately $5.1 million.

I'd now like to turn the call over to Tom.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Stacy, and good afternoon everyone. We delivered another strong quarter of revenue growth. We would have done better, but a few programs did not ramp until June, approximately five months later than we anticipated. We have experienced this before. Now that the program funding and scoping is finally renewed, we are back on track, not only for the remainder of this year, but the next few years. Generally, we go two to three years of increase in organic revenue growth because of our major clients, are not subject to transitions. These transitions have accounted for the minus 7% organic growth in the quarter. We expect low double-digit positive organic growth in the second half. I've said previously that our growth is like a step function and we are on the step right now and the stairs are going up.

As Stacy indicated, our overall look -- our overall outlook for the year remains very positive and guidance remains the same. We're pleased that our largest four clients as Stacy mentioned LADWP, Duke, Con and DASNY, are running well and adding additional work. Unfortunately for our people, we end up scrambling to deliver more in less time, although these are better problems. Our people have been working diligently -- diligently, pursuing the California procurements. The new team members from acquisitions have been invaluable with their capabilities and experience. Willdan is a much stronger company today.

As we indicated on our last call, we had been shortlisted for all eleven of the programs that we initially submitted abstracts on. We're in the process of preparing full proposals that are due this summer, PG&E is due on August 2nd, that's tomorrow; San Diego Gas & Electric is due on August 23rd; Southern California Edison is due in October 23rd, and hopefully we will start to see awards by the end of this year. In addition to those eleven, we have also submitted an abstract for a new construction program being administered statewide by PG&E.

Prior to our acquisition of the Weidt Group, we would not have been able to pursue this opportunity. But with the Weidt Group's expertise in new construction and Willdan's 50 year history and track record in California, we believe we have the qualifications to effectively compete for this substantial program. California's a once in a generation type opportunity and we are highly focused on winning as much as possible. Our business development efforts related to the California procurement opportunities also led us to the recent acquisition of Onsite Energy.

As we have mentioned in the past, our preferred method for identifying acquisitions is through joint project work and bidding opportunities. We get to know each other and understand our capabilities and synergies. It is also very important that they review our culture, strategies and objectives and believe that they can grow not only themselves but Willdan overall. We had partnered with Onsite Energy in submitting the abstract for an industrial program, and we both determine that their firm would be an excellent addition to Willdan.

Onsite is an energy efficiency services and project implementation firm working at industrial facilities. This is part of the energy efficiency market that we didn't previously address. The industrial energy efficiency market is larger than the commercial market. It can be less competitive than commercial. So from our perspective, it's a very attractive market. Onsite has built a strong track record in California, working with industry. For example, telecom, cement, aerospace, refrigeration, petrochemicals and data centers.

With our broad geographic presence, we will -- we will be able to take this expertise nationwide and substantially expand our addressable market. We're also seeing good momentum in the municipal utilities, which is adding to our pipeline of work. We've been able to leverage the strong results generated from the LADWP program to win other municipal programs in California. These will start in Q4. We have other opportunities to expand our work with LADWP as Los Angeles continues to prioritize energy efficiency and close fossil fuel generation.

From a longer term perspective, we continue to build our track record in microgrid development. We're doing a great deal of work around the country from feasibility studies to conceptual development communities. Utilities are integrating microgrids as part of our efforts to enhance resiliency and deal with natural disasters such as fire, storms, earthquakes that impact the grid. We're also finding new ways to apply our software and data analytics. We feel that our team has the capability to serve utilities, developers and cities in their quest to deploy assets for decarbonisation.

Before I wrap up today, I want to say a few words about the progress we have made in positioning Willdan to be a leader in the next era of energy efficiency. The industry has undergone enormous change in a very short period of time and we have made significant investments to ensure that we remain at the leading edge of innovation. The impact of the new technologies isn't fully understand within the industry, and that presents an enormous opportunity for Willdan. We have leading edge programs that will lead to more success for Willdan.

With that, I would now like to turn the call back to the operator for Q&A.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And we'll go first to Craig Irwin with ROTH Capital Partners.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Hi. Good evening and thanks for taking my questions. So I wanted to ask about the five projects you mentioned that had delayed start-up in the quarter. Can you maybe give us a little bit more color on whether or not this was in a certain geography or if this was concentrated among certain of your largest customers or was this something that just happened in different areas of the country that you might be able to shed a little bit more color on for us?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

I'm glad I write this down, Craig, because I said we have been -- we have done better, but a few programs did not ramp up in June and I restated that June, approximately five months later than we anticipated. So I said a few and a few were LADWP and Duke.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Okay, excellent. So LADWP and Duke really are number one and number two customers, you know, taking care of them and executing impeccably is always a focus. Can you maybe describe for us what's involved in the start-up of a program? What sort of preparation goes in, whether or not you saw increased costs for this start-up of these programs and whether or not the timeline was what the customer had expected?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Mike, they're waiting for your question.

Michael A. Bieber -- President

Sure. Well, Duke, we were added in three states. We were previously in North and South Carolina only and it was a lighting only program. And now it involve HVAC and they have added the states of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. So we hired approximately 20 new people, new staff, to ramp up those new geographies and completely configure -- reconfigure the program for the new measures. So now we're -- we've had a much better June, April and May were pretty weak in terms of sales. Sales has ramped up now and you typically have costs about 60 days prior to actually recognizing the revenue. You'll sell a program, you'll install the measure, and then you'll recognize the revenue about 60 days after you do the work. So if you look from a month by month standpoint, we really ramped up effort in April and May, and then started recognizing that higher level of revenue in June and that'll continue we think throughout the remainder of the year.

And the same thing is going on in LADWP also. We added the LAUSD, the school system, that is about in excess of $20 million in new work that they've added to the program and that is ramping up and will provide a big revenue boost in the back half of the year.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Excellent, thank you for that. Next thing I wanted to ask about was the cross-selling of Lime. So you obviously already have good traction in cross-selling with both Duke and LADWP, but there were a number of other geographies where you were optimistic that there might be an enhanced opportunity, New York, New Jersey, a couple international markets. Can you maybe update us on the number of additional projects that you're seeing, the potential scope, the potential for this to be additive in 2020 as maybe some of these projects set to -- start to kick in?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

I'll address New Jersey, we don't expect to see that adding into revenue until 2021. That's where that stands right now. As far as -- we've added a few municipal -- Lime is one municipal utility churn in California, which is a big plus beyond LADWP. You mentioned international, we are looking at energy efficiency in some countries yet to be mentioned that we have started work on.

Mike, you got anything else on cross-selling?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

I think the future opportunities for 2020 in mid Atlantic states are something that the procurements won't come out till about nine months from now, but we're doing the work, the upfront work right now.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Excellent. Excellent. That's good to hear. And then, the investors I talk to, all of your investors, everybody is really thinking about the timeline for potential awards from California. We know there's a tremendous amount of activity and project development and effort put into the review cycle that's beginning to take shape right now. Can you maybe give us some color on the timeline for us to see scope come out of the RFAs that you've responded to, and when can we start to get a clearer view on what your capture rate is of the enhanced California opportunity?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Schedule wise, which we didn't have last time we spoke -- last quarter is -- the RFAs, like I said, Robert have submitted -- we submitted eleven or selected for a proposal phase for all. The proposals for PG&E are due tomorrow, and we think that's real progress. They're leading the pack right now of the California IOUs. So the next will be San Diego Gas and Electric proposals now, so that you can look at this as phase two. Phase 1 was the abstract, Phase 2 was the proposals. Then we don't know if they're going to have interviews, questions. We don't know what's going to happen next, and then there's going to be an award. So we are in Phase 2, the proposal stage. San Diego Gas Electric is due August 23rd, which is 23 days from now and the SCE is due around October 23rd.

And as I stated, hopefully, we'll see some type of award, I'd say, and it probably won't be public, because it'll be a long-term negotiation by the end of the year. So by the time its public, first quarter next year and the beginning of the awards and if PG&Es continues to lead the way, we think we'll be there by the first quarter of next year.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Excellent. Excellent. And then, just another question along the same lines. So have you -- as you move from abstract to proposal, obviously the utilities have up selected certain contractors. Can you share with us, you know approximately how much the field has narrowed. And is it accurate that you've basically been up-selected on essentially everything that you were looking to chase for the California opportunity?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

That is accurate. We have been -- upscale, what do he say?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Up-selected.

Michael A. Bieber -- President

Up-selected first. Okay, sorry, Craig. Up-selected for all eleven. How many have not been selected? You know, that would be an estimate, because we don't know, but we do know of, let's say, how I say it, competitors that have not been up-selected, I don't have a percentage on that. And if I did, I probably couldn't say it. Your other question...

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

And then once you move into the proposal stage, is it -- is it likely a winner takes all kind of scenario where if you were to win one certain proposal, you would get all the business and someone else would get, you know all the business of another proposal or is just something where they're likely be, maybe a couple of contractors awarded scope of a proposal for a certain program?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Well, if I was talking to the utilities, if they were listening this call, I'd say, you should award it all to Willdan, but the reality is, I believe they'll be not, you know, we had 120 contractors three years ago. I think you're going to see that really, really go down to a few contractors. And so I do not think there'll be a single award, I think there'll be multiple award, but we'll probably be in the area of one, two, three, may be four per segment, where there were 15 or 20 before. So that's my best guess.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Excellent. And then last question if I may. Engineering and Consulting, I was pleasantly surprised by the growth there. Can you share anything that might help us understand the sort of, short to intermediate term trajectory there, you know this kind of suggests that the local municipal budgets are not quite as constrained as people were thinking. How should we be looking at this business?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

So it was up 2% organically in the quarter. Good performance, we thought it might be down and it has been down in previous quarters. The leading indicator that business is the number of building permits that we're processing and we check each quarter about that and that has remained high and has not been reducing. We're still cautious about that business. We think it will be flattish for the year, but they had a good quarter.

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for that. I'll hop back in the queue now.

Operator

[Operator Instructions] And we'll go next to Moshe Katri with Wedbush Securities.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking my question. So this is the second time this year that we've seen delays, and I guess, project start. Is there anything specific in terms of trend here? Is that the function of the fact that these are larger deals that are taking longer to structure or for the client to get comfortable with? Maybe you can give us some -- bit more color on that, just given the fact that it seems like a recurring kind of phenomena, at least this year. And then I have another follow-on. Thanks.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

The first part of the question about the second time, it is not the second time. It's still -- we're still operating on what happened in the end of last year actually. It continued until now. So the funding on LADWP has increased immensely. And the deeper measures and more states on Duke, which Mike said, we're still dealing with the same two issues in this transition from the funding reauthorization on LADWP, and awarded more states and new measures for Duke. So it's not a new delay. It's the same delay. We're just...

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Extended delay?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, we thought we'd be out of it by now. And I said we're -- it went five months rather than a couple of months and we've now seen progress in June. And so we believe we're out of it and we won't say it again.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Okay. And then, you spoke about the fact that margins are going to be up nicely during the second half. Can you kind of quantify it for us in terms of levels, and I'm assuming a lot of this is a function of utilization rates, just people getting billable at this point?

Stacy B. McLaughlin -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, we would expect the adjusted EBITDA margin to be around mid 20s for the second half of the year. So for the entire year, we would be around the low 20%. As far as utilization, a lot of our programs are based on kilowatt savings. So it's not just a direct result of the utilization of our employees.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Okay. And then can we get some color on integral analytics? Where are we in terms of the sales cycle and the pipeline? Thanks a lot.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

First, integral analytics is contributing nicely to all of our utility programs in energy efficiency. So we're integrating them well there. They had no major sales this past quarter, but they do have a robust pipeline of opportunities and some larger opportunities that we expect some will mature in the back half of this year.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Thanks.

Andrew Gordon -- EF Gordon Capital -- Analyst

And we'll go next to Andrew Gordon with EF Gordon Capital.

Hey, good afternoon guys, and thanks for taking my questions. And the first one I have for you was, as you noted in your opening remarks, your net revenue margin is weaker over time which I believe is due to, I'm guessing, Lime's approach to using subcontractors. And I wonder if this is something that you might get margin expansion from over the next, let's say, couple of years or so by possibly through your approach.

Michael A. Bieber -- President

It is not a result of Lime's bigger use of subcontractors, because we report margin as a percent of net revenue which removes subcontractors. Our EBITDA margin was, I think, 16% this quarter.

Andrew Gordon -- EF Gordon Capital -- Analyst

No, no I'm sorry. I think maybe -- maybe I wasn't clear. I meant, your net revenue margin, your margin versus your gross contract revenue, the portion that's been given to subcontractors.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Okay.

Michael A. Bieber -- President

Pass-through increase.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

The pass-through, you're right, did increase. It's up to, I think, pass-through is 55% of our revenue now, up from about 45% last year and that is a result of the Lime acquisition. So you are correct. And so margin as opposed to gross revenue will come down, you're right, that's the result of the Lime acquisition due to the pass through and it's primarily equipment pass-through, we reported as subcontractors and equipment, but it's primarily equipment.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

I see. My impression is that in the past in your core business, you've been able to increase margin by a premier approach the use of subcontractors. I was wondering if that was a source of opportunity going forward. My --

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

It's a -- yeah, it's a potential source of opportunity. What's happening right off the bat though is that we're better absorbing our back office costs. Our corporate costs are not rising at the rate that revenue is rising. So that will also contribute to margin.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Got you. My next question is just, it sounds like you have pretty high conviction in your revenue -- net revenue guidance for the rest of the year based on working hand. And I'm just wondering whether you might comment on whether there are some moving parts as to how you might be better than that range depending on project still to be awarded or any other cross-selling opportunities?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

We're only halfway through the year, and so let us get through Q3. It looks pretty good. We've got a lot of work in hand and our customers -- our major customers, as Tom mentioned, have increased their budgets for us this fiscal year and going into 2020 as well. So let's see how much work we can actually get in and completed this year. We'll update guidance next quarter.

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you so much.

Operator

And we'll go next to Tom Koch with Trancoso Partners.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Yeah. Hi, everyone. Can you hear me?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. Long time no here.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Long time no here. Okay, question. Hey, Tom, can you just clarify one of previous questions? I thought when a utility gives -- grants a program to a contractor like yourself, be it, hospitality, hospitals, schools, that there is kind of one person like Willdan in one of those verticals for one of those utilities, but I thought I just heard you say that there used to be like a whole bunch to now it's going down to four or five. Is it -- is it four or five going to be four or five or just one person?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Oh, boy. So now you're getting into a competitive strategy. So I will --

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

No, not the strategy. I'm just -- I'm just trying to understand when PG&E grants a hospitality program award and I'm using that as an example, I don't know if that's the case. When you go on the website, it says Willdan is the provider of that. Usually there's only one, there's not a whole bunch of people?

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Right. So they have a whole bunch of programs, hospitality, hospitals, biotech, schools, they have 50 programs. And generally within that swim lane, they generally give it to one contractor. Now you can look bigger, Tom, you could break it into residential, commercial, industrial and public. And then under commercial, there's where -- what we're talking about, there is hospitality, hospitals, biotech, schools now, and on and on and on. So once you break it down to that level, yes, you're right. There's usually one award. What they've asked for or what they have alluded to is the consolidation within a residential program like there might have been 10 programs with -- in residential. They'd like to see consolidation in that. They'd like to see consolidation possibly in commercial. So within that, as you go up into the categories, we believe there may be some consolidation.

Does that answer your question, Tom?

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

It does, it does, it does. Okay. And then second question I was going to ask, regarding Onsite -- did you guys provide information such as the acquisition price and the revenues and the EBITDA for that?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

We said in the press release that it was about $20 million in revenue. The acquisition price was not disclosed in the press release and it will -- the effect of that that will be indicated in -- Stacy, our Q3 balance sheet. Is that correct?

Stacy B. McLaughlin -- Chief Financial Officer

Correct.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Okay. And is it profitable?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

It is, yes.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Okay. So when you are going through your guidance, I guess, that's not in the guidance yet because that deal hasn't closed yet. Is that correct?

Michael A. Bieber -- President

That deal has closed. We elected not to update guidance for the effect of that until we get quarter on down the line. These acquisitions are only monitor -- moderately or only very slightly accretive in the first six months or so, but they are accretive in the first year. So we didn't adjust guidance for that. We thought we would still perform within the range and we'll get to next quarter and reassess.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Okay. So approximately $20 million divided by two, $10 million of revenues are in that guidance from Onsite.

Michael A. Bieber -- President

Gross revenue, yes. Net revenue is a much smaller number, about one-third.

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

Okay. Okay, perfect. So $20 million is gross revenues, OK. All right. Thank you very much.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Tom.

Operator

I show no further questions at this time. So I would like to hand the call back over to management for any closing remarks.

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Okay. I'd like to thank all of you for participating on our call today and for your continued interest in Willdan and have a great day. Thank you.

Operator

[Operator Closing Remarks].

Duration: 36 minutes

Call participants:

Tony Rossi -- Investor Relations

Stacy B. McLaughlin -- Chief Financial Officer

Thomas D. Brisbin -- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Michael A. Bieber -- President

Craig Irwin -- ROTH Capital Partners -- Analyst

Moshe Katri -- Wedbush Securities -- Analyst

Andrew Gordon -- EF Gordon Capital -- Analyst

Thomas Koch -- Trancoso Partners -- Analyst

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