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This afternoon, the company issued a press release announcing its financial 2024 results and filed its 10-K with the SEC. So, participants in this call who may not have already done so may wish to look at those documents as the company will provide a summary of the results discussed on today's call. Today's call may include certain non-GAAP financial measures. When required, reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP can be found in the company's Form 10-K annual filing at sec.gov, which is also available at www.vuzix.com.

I'll now turn the call over to Vuzix CEO, Paul Travers, who will give an overview of the company's operating results and business outlook. Paul will then turn the call over to Grant Russell, Vuzix CFO, who will provide an overview of the company's fourth quarter and full year financial results. After which, we'll move on to the question-and-answer session. Paul.

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Thank you, Ed. Welcome to the Vuzix Q4 and full year 2024 conference call. In recent years, the wearable computer and AR industry has seen significant changes, progressing in maturity and acceptance. External factors such as COVID-19 have shown the role of these enterprise smart glasses in improving workplace efficiency.

As the industry has developed, Vuzix has continued to invest and adjust its strategy to align with the future direction of the market. On the technology front, Vuzix has been discussing ours and the industry's progress on waveguides and the microdisplays that drive them for years. We're now approaching a pivotal moment, which should increase adoption greatly. Innovation in these technologies has finally enabled the development of all-day wearable smart glasses with high-performance displays, an industry first.

As we've long emphasized, our waveguide optics work seamlessly with a variety of third parties, supporting enterprise, medical, and our OEM business, including military and defense sectors, and now with the broader consumer markets following on. Despite the noise and pace of change in the industry, Vuzix remains focused on its pursuit to develop the best mousetrap to solve and support the enterprise and other markets we address as they unfold. We continue to enhance the performance, the features that matter, and, of course, the cost competitiveness of our waveguides, arguably, the most critical component of AI and AR smart glasses and other wearables. Our commitment to investing in and advancing our core waveguide technology has led to one of the most significant developments in Vuzix recent history, the establishment of a strategic partnership with leading ODM supplier Quanta Computer.

This collaboration, besides highlighting the credibility of what Vuzix has created over the years, has facilitated the development of multiple smart glasses reference designs based on our waveguide technology and is proving to help open up the markets, in general, for us. Our partnership with Quanta, reinforced by their $20 million multiphase investment, underscores our shared vision of revolutionizing the AR and AI industry. Through this collaboration, Vuzix is poised to supply millions of cutting-edge and cost-competitive waveguides for AR and AI-driven smart glasses to Quanta's extensive OEM client base. The first $10 million tranche of this investment was received in September of 2024, and we remain on track to meet the milestones required to unlock the remaining two $5 million tranches as anticipated.

At CES 2025, we introduced our Ultralite Pro AR smart glasses platform, designed for specific enterprise verticals and market use cases. These binocular, full color, see-through glasses, powered by Qualcomm's AR1 processor, fill a critical gap in the current market. The response has been overwhelmingly positive, and we are already receiving inbound interest from OEMs and white label partners. The Ultralite Pro AR smart glasses platform was also awarded Best in Show by Wearable, the authority on wearable technology.

Further, at CES 2025, we introduced the Ultralite Audio smart glasses platform, a new upgrade to the base Ultralite platform, which integrates dual speakers and noise-canceling microphone for enhanced audio and voice interaction. And more recently, at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, Microoled, a Grenoble-based maker of AR smart glasses, and their ActiveLook software platform, along with the semiconductor company STMicroelectronics, announced a reference design for AR smart glasses based on the Ultralite Audio smart glasses platform from Vuzix, featuring Microoled's ActiveLook software. This reference design supporting the ActiveLook ecosystem will enable third-party eyewear manufacturers to create diverse smart glasses models for sports and outdoor applications that require mission-critical information in real time and on the move. Our Z100 Ultralite AR smart glasses platform launched at CES 2024 is aimed at building an ecosystem, attracting early adopters, and laying the foundation for our OEM and white label business.

In November, we strategically reduced the price of the Z100 to accelerate adoption among ecosystem partners, effectively OEMs and early adopters. This move has led to increased demand and follow-on orders for these AI-powered smart glasses. The Z100 is being selected for its all-day wearability, seamless heads-up display integration, and competitive pricing, which supports high-volume sales. The Vuzix Z100 smart glasses are being focused on white label and OEM customers, and we are actively fielding multiple RFQ opportunities based on this platform.

As we have previously indicated, we have been steadily pivoting toward the ODM/OEM side of our business, forging strong development and supply partnerships throughout the industry. We have strengthened our presence in the defense and industrial sectors where our differentiated solutions are meeting mission-critical demands. Our partnership with Thales, Garmin, L3Harris, and others yet to be named demonstrate our ability to deliver differentiated higher-margin solutions that align well with both our customers' needs and Vuzix's long-term growth strategy. In the enterprise software ecosystem, our acquisition of Moviynt in November of 2022 is allowing us to expand our offerings within the logistics vertical with end-to-end solutions.

We expect these new solutions will be white labeled and/or OEM and, in some cases, carry the Vuzix brand. We have multiple customers that are employing Mobilium by Moviynt software and have moved from the proof of concept stage to formal rollouts. We are listening to our growing customer base and evolving our Mobilium software beyond picking and packing workflows to deliver end-to-end enterprise solutions that extend beyond warehousing and logistics as well. In parallel, we continue to engage with our stable of ISV partners to drive broader adoption of smart glasses in the enterprise sector.

We've been working with these ISVs for some time now, as you all know, and they are seeing the business opportunities finally coming to fruition also. Together, we aim to deliver intelligent all-day wearable solutions, integrating hardware and software to drive tangible business outcomes and productivity. As we have repeatedly stated, the primary differentiator for Vuzix is our ability to make a quality waveguide in volume at an affordable cost. With our proprietary technologies, we can process in a timely fashion hundreds of waveguides per single run, while the bulk of our competitors are capped at a dozen waveguides or so on an industry standard 300-millimeter wafer, requiring a much more time-consuming process.

This advantage comes from custom design process and equipment, extensive experience, and developed IP, enabling us to quickly design and manufacture smart glasses and add new features. To bolster this edge, our patent portfolio has grown by 50% in the past two years to over 425 patents and pending patents, covering a wide range of optical waveguide and wearable computing technologies, solidifying our AR industry leadership. Our ODM/OEM business has the potential to start ramping up meaningfully. With Quanta as our partner and with our major computing firms scaling production, our ODM/OEM business will grow.

We anticipate an increase in our reference designs and OEM customer count and are actively involved in multiple projects with Quanta that have potential to create significant business opportunities for both entities. Quanta's extensive scale and expertise in electronic product manufacturing, combined with Vuzix proprietary waveguides and smart glasses technology, form a powerful alliance. We foresee that this collaboration will result in high-volume production of our waveguides and AR components, ultimately reaching millions of units and driving substantial revenue growth for Vuzix. Moreover, we are engaging in various stages of discussions with several other ODMs who are already designing or interested in designing and manufacturing AI/AR smart glasses for widespread consumer use.

In 2025, Vuzix anticipates significant growth in customer wins across our OEM and enterprise businesses as the industry stabilizes and expands. We expect multiple design wins for both consumer and enterprise OEM products where Vuzix will supply optical waveguides and display engines. In the defense and security markets, we foresee multiple programs with current OEMs and defense contractors, leading to production engagements and orders for customized designs. In enterprise, we are nurturing numerous customer wins that are being supported by measured success that exceed customer benchmarks by an order of magnitude.

In parcel processing, for example, Moviynt's newly introduced Mobilium application running on Vuzix smart glasses is seeing parcel scanning to bin placement speeds clocked at a fraction of the current methods from front-line workers. For new workers where turnover is high, we are seeing scan to bin placement improvements of upwards of 250% in some instances. In a typical warehouse with 80 pickers each picking 300 items per day from pallets, a 15% to 20% improvement in efficiency would enable the same workforce to pick an additional 3,600 to 4,800 items per day, significantly increasing daily throughput without adding staff. To summarize, as a result of these fully demonstrated KPIs, key performance indicators, which stand up on their own, we expect these customers will be placing follow-on orders that have the potential to effectively consume all of our existing M400 inventories.

And as a result of our anticipated conversion of our existing M-series inventory into cash, Vuzix is well on its way to introducing next-generation purpose-built products based directly on the customer feedback in the field and our network of ISV partners and resellers. We have also recently received a commercial order for Vuzix Shields, which consumes our remaining inventory and planned production of this first-generation model, and we are currently responding to RFQs that will effectively consume our remaining M4000 inventory. Let me add, Vuzix enters 2025 with a strong financial foundation. As of year-end 2024, we had approximately 18 million in cash and cash equivalents, reflecting our disciplined cost management and capital-raising efforts.

This includes 8.2 million raised through our at-the-market facility in Q4, providing additional flexibility to support our growth initiatives. Additionally, we are making strong progress toward meeting milestones required for the remaining $10 million investment from Quanta Computer, which will further reinforce our liquidity position. Finally, as the aforementioned business unfolds, we expect a large portion of our finished inventories to be converted to cash. Grant will now take you through our financial numbers.

Grant.

Grant Russell -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Director

Thank you, Paul. As Ed mentioned, the 10-K we filed this afternoon with the SEC offers a detailed explanation of our annual financials, so I'm just going to provide you with a bit of color on some of the full year, as well as quarterly numbers. For the three months ended December 31, 2024, we reported 1.3 million in total revenues, as compared to 1.1 million in the prior year's comparable fourth quarter. The revenue increase was primarily due to higher unit sales of our M400 smart glasses.

For the full year ended December 31, 2024, Vuzix has reported 5.8 million in total revenues, as compared to 12.1 million for the prior year. Product sales decreased by 58% year over year as unit sales of our M400 product declined compared to the previous year when two major distributors placed significant stocking orders in the first half of 2023, representing 54% of our total product sales in 2023. Sales of engineering services for the year ended December 31, 2024 were 1.3 million, as compared to 1.4 million in 2023, a decrease of 7%. Please note, as disclosed in our 10-K, we have 2.1 million worth of remaining performance obligations over revenues already recognized under a current waveguide development project.

For the full year ended December 31, 2024, there was an overall gross loss of 5.6 million, as compared to a loss of 2.6 million for 2023. The larger gross loss for 2024 was primarily driven by further inventory obsolescence reserves included in cost of sales and increased unapplied manufacturing overhead costs of 2.1 million due to reduced further builds of the M400 finished goods in the second half of 2024. The larger additional inventory reserve amounts were related to the expected surplus components and obsolescence provision in excess of currently planned existing future product builds in 2025 and early 2026 and all part of our planned transition to expected new smart glasses models now being developed. No finished goods have been included in these inventory reserves.

And as the ultimate realizable value of these excess components may -- that may not be used in future product build is unknown at this time, 100% obsolescence provision was accrued. Research and development expenses for 2024 fell 22% to 9.6 million, as compared to 12.3 million for the 2023 period. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.6 million reduction in salary and benefits-related expenses due to headcount decreases and a $1 million drop in external development costs. For the fourth quarter of December 31, 2024, research and development expenses were 2.2 million, as compared to 3.5 million in the 2023 fourth quarter.

The decrease, again, was driven by headcount reductions. Sales and marketing costs for all of 2024 fell to 8.2 million, from 12.7 million in 2023, a reduction of 4.5 million or 36%. The most significant factors for these expense reductions include a $1.6 million decrease in advertising and tradeshow expenses and a $1.6 million reduction in salary and benefits expenses, driven by headcount decreases. For the fourth quarter of December 31, 2024, sales and marketing expenses were 2 million, as compared to 4.8 million in the 2023 fourth quarter.

The decrease, again, was driven by reductions in headcount and advertising expenses, changes in bad debt provisions, and severance accruals booked in Q4 of 2023. General and administrative expenses for 2024 decreased 7% to 17.2 million, as compared to 18.6 million for the 2023 period. The decrease was largely due to a $1.4 million decline in noncash stock-based compensation and a $1.1 million decline in salary and benefits-related expenses due to headcount reductions, partially offset by a $1 million increase in investor relations. For the fourth quarter ending December 31, 2024, general and administrative expenses were 4.3 million, as compared to 4.7 million in the 2023 fourth quarter.

The decrease, again, was driven by headcount reductions. For the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2024, the net loss was 13.7 million, or $0.16 per share, as compared to a net loss of 19.9 million, or $0.32 per share, for the fourth quarter of 2023. For the full year ended December 31, 2024, the net loss was 73.5 million, or $1.08 per share, as compared to a net loss of 50.1 million, or 79%, for the full year of 2023. The increased net loss was mostly attributable to the write-off of our technology license and investment in Atomistic, which was recorded in the second quarter of 2024.

Excluding this write-off, the net loss for 2024 was 6.9 million less than the 2023 net loss. Now, for some balance sheet and cash flow highlights. Our cash position as of December 31, 2024 was 18.2 million, a decrease of 8.4 million from December 31, 2023. And we had a net working capital position of 24.6 million.

Net cash flows used in operating activities was 23.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, as compared to 26.3 million for the 2023 year, a decrease of 2.6 million. For all of 2024, we raised 18.3 million refinancing activities that consisted of a 10 million investment by Quanta Computer in September, 8.2 million of net proceeds received from equity sales under our ATM offering in the fourth quarter of 2024. Cash used in investing activities in 2024 was 2.9 million, down significantly from 19.3 million in 2023, primarily due to reductions in investment amounts and licensing fees paid to Atomistic and manufacturing equipment and tooling investments for a new waveguide manufacturing facility in 2023. We are presently envisioning spending significantly less on capex investments in 2025 as we feel our waveguide manufacturing capacity is now adequate for the expected demand in the near term.

I am pleased to report that after a year of expense reductions, when we look at our major operating expense groupings, R&D, sales and marketing, and G&A, in our Q4 2024 versus Q4 of 2023, we reduced our recurring cash operating costs, and that's after adding back noncash compensation, bad debt provisions, and the severance accruals we made at the end of 2023. We saw a $2.7 million reduction per quarter or 36% year over year. We expect to keep these expense savings in place and intend to look further at all our spending in 2025 as we move forward and expand our business. Looking forward in 2025, we are confident that management's plans and the expected further funding of the second and third tranches from Quanta, which will bring in another $10 million in new cash, along with potential further equity sales under our ATM program -- and of note, we raised 1.3 million to date in 2025 -- that the company has more than adequate resources to move forward with its operating plan well into 2026.

And with that, I would like to turn the call back over to the operator for Q&A.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

Thank you. And at this time, we'll conduct our question-and-answer session. [Operator instructions] Our first question comes from Christian Schwab with Craig-Hallum. Please state your question.

Christian Schwab -- Analyst

Great. Hey, guys. So, just for clarity, we talked about the M400, you know, clearing out the inventory that you have in 2025. Can you just let us know how much inventory you have of the M400 that you plan on selling?

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

There's as much as $9 million worth of cash, I think, sitting in that bucket right now, Christian.

Grant Russell -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Director

Yeah, that's the cost of inventory.

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Right.

Grant Russell -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Director

As we stated in our narrative, anything that wasn't finished goods got 100% provided for. So, there's -- we have ability to build more units if we so desire, but we're not going to invest further in the M400 until we move this existing stock. But that could easily generate, as Paul said, $9 million to $10 million plus any margin we make selling it, and we certainly still expect to make some margin.

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

And, Christian, the interesting change in life these days for Vuzix is we have a nice list of companies in our pipeline that have gone past proof of concepts. These guys are now rolling out. We're starting to get orders for larger volumes. And some of these accounts could take many thousands of units.

So, as much as we're preparing for a next-generation product, which we talked about a little bit in the call, we very well could be needing to make more of and finishing inventories that we currently have around the M400 that are just partial work in process.

Christian Schwab -- Analyst

Great. Thank you for that clarity. And then, Paul, you mentioned a few different times that you believe that Quanta can drive, you know, millions of units for you. Can you give us an idea when a ramp like that is logically going to start and what your ASP would be on that?

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

It's interesting because we're -- we've got several things that are going on with Quanta right now. Some of it are reference designs, and there are tools that are being used to bring on third-party OEM companies that will want to put their name on the product. And in those cases, Vuzix will ultimately be selling waveguides into that process. And you sell a color waveguide, not to get into a whole lot of numbers because they're not really public, but you might imagine competitors selling them at -- in volume, let's say 100,000 piece quantities of hundreds of dollars per.

And yet, Vuzix can do in those kind of quantities sub-50 kind of numbers. So, it's a significant price reduction in the higher volume markets that Vuzix can bring to the table. The size of this market opportunity as that broader market starts to move, it's going to replace the phone ultimately. That's why Zuckerberg is spending billions.

And I will tell you that we've got that piece of the business going on. And then at the same time, we are building products that will be white labeled and, in some cases, carry the Vuzix brand, and you should, knock on wood, expect to see production programs happening before the end of this year in those cases. And in those cases, it's white labeled, it's coming partially -- a big part of it comes from Vuzix and what we bring to the table in that case. Many of the white labels for those first products are in the enterprise space.

And it's a significantly higher margin, and it's a significantly higher selling price. But it will just get started toward the fall going into the winter season. And then rolling into next year, it should be pretty exciting times.

Christian Schwab -- Analyst

OK. Fantastic. No other questions. Thank you.

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

You're welcome, Christian.

Operator

Thank you. That's all. I'll hand the floor back to Paul Travers. Thank you.

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Thank you. So, we actually got a handful of questions from other of our shareholders before the conference call, and I thought I could at least answer a few of these. I can't answer -- there's a few of them that I can't answer just because I can't answer them. As much as I would love to, they go to points that are -- they're not public at this point in time.

But let me start with a few. Number one here. You've expanded your waveguide manufacturing capabilities. What production capacity do you expect to achieve by the end of 2025 and how will this support your goal of supplying millions of units to OEMs? So, let me give you guys a feel for how this works.

The Quanta investment is a $20 million investment, $10 million was upfront, and there's two tranches coming for another five and five. The bulk of that is all about production getting into high-volume capacity. And we're very close to meeting both Tranche 2 and Tranche 3, which are the two $5 million gates. And those are, like I said, related significantly to volume.

And the volume is 0.5 million-plus and then a million-plus on an annual basis kinds of numbers. And so, we'll be there before half of this year is up, knock on wood. We're practically there right now. So, the volume capacity is, you know, right there for what the short-term need is.

For us to take the Rochester facility and crank that up to double, let's say, does not cost us everything that it costs us the first time. It's an incremental cost to be able to turn that production facility into something that would double those numbers. So, that's not significant. But the ultimate goal is not 1 million or 2 million waveguides on an annual basis.

This is going to be like the smartwatch. Smartwatches sell 300 million smartwatches a year. Quanta is not doing this for 20,000 to 50,000 to 100,000 pieces a year. Their drive here is a multibillion-dollar industry.

That's the kind of company they are. That's many of the companies that we're talking with today because of what we can make and the price points we can hit. They're in that boat if they want to move the needle. And so, you will see a phase 2 effort from where we're going that should help us get into the much higher volumes in the outbound years here.

So, our next question, with the 10 million received from Quanta and two additional 5 million tranches expected in 2025, how do you plan to allocate this capital, toward R&D, production, or market expansion? And what impact do you foresee on the cash burn rates? Well, first of all, let me say that the Quanta investment in Vuzix is in lockstep with where we are taking our company. The synergy, the -- what they want is what Vuzix want. And so, if you think about the cash burns, they're 100% aligned for the most part with what Vuzix wants and needs to do. So, this isn't, all of a sudden, we have to take these dollars and put them into something that feels like it's a sidetrack.

Now, there is a portion of the monies also here that are dedicated to product development efforts to generate business on the backside. That is also lockstep in Vuzix's interest. So, these dollars are going into R&D, next-generation gizmos around waveguides that we build, and cranking up production, which I think is what everybody on this call wants to hear about. The next question, how do you assess the competitive threat from larger players entering the AR smart glasses market in 2025 and beyond, and what differentiates Vuzix offerings to maintain their edge? First of all, the competitive threat.

There will be more than one company that brings smart glasses to market. Everybody in this room should realize that. If there's another company that comes out with a product, it's not a need to panic. There's BMW, there's Ford, there's Tesla.

There's -- this is going to be a multi, multibillion-dollar industry, so there'll be other players. That said, we bring a lot of competitive advantages. Yes, one is price. It's great to know that we have a good price that we compete with, but we also bring great performance.

We've been at this longer than any other company out there. So, when you lean toward the enterprise side of this business, which is also going to be in the billions, we bring stuff to the table that nobody else can bring. When it comes to the high-volume waveguide side of the business, our price points are -- nobody else can do what we can do today in this regard. So, we're in front there.

So, yes, there's going to be competitors. We welcome that. A rising tide floats all boats. But we believe we, with the partnerships that we're building with companies like Quanta and others, have a great chance to get a very nice and sizable part of this market opportunity.

Like I said, there were some other questions in here that dealt with closer to Tier 1 companies and when and rolls out, and I just cannot talk about those companies and where they are in their processes. I can tell you this, though, generally speaking, you will see more and more design wins and partner wins and starting rollouts happen throughout this year. The -- you know, back in the World War II days when the airplanes would fly and they would take another kill and they'd put a marker on the front of their airplane as an -- as another notch on the pistol handle, you're going to see a lot of that start to unroll at Vuzix this year that will roll into, knock on wood, significant volumes through 2026. So -- and will some of those be Tier 1s? I certainly believe we have Tier 1 partners, 100%, that are working with Vuzix right now.

Their timing for when they roll out, their requirements for market acceptance -- I mean if you think about companies like Luxottica, they don't want to put their name on something that doesn't look fashion forward and 100% in line with what their brand looks like. So, everybody's striving for that same answer, and Vuzix is a company that can help bring that to them. So, in broad strokes, I hope that answered the bulk of everybody's questions. I want to thank everybody for spending the time again with us this afternoon, and I really do look forward to seeing the rest of this year unfold and us having our future conference calls with a whole lot more to talk about with significant real programs and companies and partnerships that we've been able to announce along the way.

Thank you everybody. Have a wonderful evening.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Ed McGregor -- Director, Investor Relations

Paul J. Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Grant Russell -- Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Director

Christian Schwab -- Analyst

Paul Travers -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

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Vuzix (VUZI) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool