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The Chemicals Segment’s operating income in the third quarter of 2024 was $42.6 million as compared to an operating loss of $21.8 million in the third quarter of 2023. For the first nine months of 2024, the Chemicals Segment’s operating income was $105.9 million as compared to an operating loss of $39.5 million in the first nine months of 2023. The Chemicals Segment’s operating income increased in the 2024 periods compared to the same periods in 2023 primarily due to the net effects of higher sales and production volumes, lower production costs (primarily energy and raw material costs) and lower average TiO₂ selling prices. TiO₂ production volumes were 37% higher in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 and 35% higher in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Due to improved overall demand and a more favorable production cost environment, the Chemicals Segment increased its production rates to 93% of practical capacity utilization in the first nine months of 2024 (87%, 99% and 92% in the first, second and third quarters of 2024, respectively) compared to 71% in the first nine months of 2023 (76%, 64% and 73% in the first, second and third quarters of 2023, respectively). As a result, the Chemicals Segment’s unabsorbed fixed production costs in the first nine months of 2024 were $12 million (incurred in the first quarter) compared to $74 million in the first nine months of 2023 related to curtailments in 2023 and continuing into the first quarter of 2024. The Chemicals Segment’s third quarter production volumes include approximately 13,000 metric tons of incremental production resulting from the LPC acquisition. During the third quarter the Chemicals Segment completed the closure of its sulfate process line in Canada and its operating income in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 includes non-cash charges of approximately $4 million and $14 million, respectively, related to accelerated depreciation, and the first nine months of 2024 includes a charge of approximately $2 million related to workforce reductions. The Chemicals Segment’s operating income in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 includes $2.2 million of transaction costs incurred in connection with the LPC acquisition. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates increased the Chemicals Segment’s operating income by approximately $13 million in the third quarter of 2024 and approximately $10 million in the first nine months of 2024 as compared to the same prior year periods.

The Chemicals Segment’s operating loss in the first nine months of 2023 includes an insurance settlement gain related to a 2020 business interruption insurance claim of $2.5 million ($1.3 million, or $.05 per share, net of tax and noncontrolling interest).

The Component Products Segment’s net sales were $33.6 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $40.3 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $107.5 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $118.1 million in the same period of 2023. The Component Products Segment’s third quarter net sales decreased over the comparable 2023 period predominantly due to lower security products sales to a government security customer and to a lesser extent lower marine components sales primarily to the towboat market. The Component Products Segment’s security products third quarter 2023 net sales include sales to a government security customer for a pilot project that did not continue in 2024. The Component Products Segment’s net sales decreased for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower marine components sales to the towboat market. Operating income attributable to the Component Products Segment was $3.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $6.6 million in the third quarter of 2023 and $12.1 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to $18.0 million for the same prior year period. The Component Products Segment’s operating income decreased in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 due to lower sales and gross margin at both security products and marine components reporting units. The Component Products Segment’s operating income decreased in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 primarily due to lower marine components sales and gross margin.

The Real Estate Management and Development Segment had sales of $15.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to $31.7 million in the third quarter of 2023. For the first nine months of 2024 the Real Estate Management and Development Segment had sales of $52.4 million compared to sales of $84.2 million in the same period of 2023. Land sales revenue is generally recognized over time based on cost inputs, and land sales revenues are dependent on spending for development activities. Substantially all of the land sales revenues recognized in 2024 are related to land sold in prior years. Land sales revenues in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 decreased compared to the same periods in 2023 due to the decreased pace of development activity for previously sold parcels within the residential/planned community, primarily due to delays in obtaining city permits and environmental approvals. The pace of development activities is dictated by a number of factors such as city permit and design approval, approvals from the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection, and labor and materials availability. Recognition of tax increment infrastructure reimbursement of $14.2 million ($7.4 million, or $.26 per share, net of income tax and noncontrolling interest) in the first nine months of 2024 and $4.8 million ($2.5 million, or $.09 per share, net of income tax and noncontrolling interest) in the first nine months of 2023 are included in the determination of operating income.

Corporate expenses in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 were comparable to the same periods in 2023. Interest income and other increased $.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 and $2.1 million in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to higher average interest rates. Interest expense increased $6.2 million and $15.2 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the respective periods in 2023 primarily due to higher interest rates as a result of the Chemicals Segment’s debt refinancing in February 2024 and debt incurred to finance the LPC acquisition in the third quarter. In addition, interest expense for the first nine months of 2024 includes a charge of $1.5 million ($.7 million, or $.03 per share, net of tax and noncontrolling interest) for the write-off of deferred financing costs at the Chemicals Segment.

The net income attributable to Valhi stockholders for the first nine months of 2024 includes income of $1.3 million ($.9 million, or $.03 per share, net of tax and noncontrolling interest) related to insurance recoveries. The net loss attributable to Valhi stockholders for the first nine months of 2023 includes a non-cash loss of $6.2 million ($3.8 million, or $.13 per share, net of tax and noncontrolling interest) related to the termination of our United Kingdom pension plan and a gain of $1.5 million ($1.1 million, or $.04 per share, net of tax and noncontrolling interest) on the sale of land not used in operations; both recognized in the second quarter.

The statements in this press release relating to matters that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. Although we believe the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will be correct. Such statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those predicted. While it is not possible to identify all factors, we continue to face many risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause our actual future results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Future supply and demand for our products;

• Our ability to realize expected cost savings from strategic and operational initiatives;

• Our ability to integrate acquisitions, including LPC, into Kronos’ operations and realize expected synergies and innovations;

• The extent of the dependence of certain of our businesses on certain market sectors;

• The cyclicality of certain of our businesses (such as Kronos’ TiO₂ operations);

• Customer and producer inventory levels;

• Unexpected or earlier-than-expected industry capacity expansion (such as the TiO₂ industry);

• Changes in raw material and other operating costs (such as ore, zinc, brass, aluminum, steel and energy costs);

• Changes in the availability of raw materials (such as ore);

• General global economic and political conditions that harm the worldwide economy, disrupt our supply chain, increase material and energy costs, reduce demand or perceived demand for TiO_2, component products and land held for development or impair our ability to operate our facilities (including changes in the level of gross domestic product in various regions of the world, natural disasters, terrorist acts, global conflicts and public health crises);

• Operating interruptions (including, but not limited to, labor disputes, leaks, natural disasters, fires, explosions, unscheduled or unplanned downtime, transportation interruptions, certain regional and world events or economic conditions and public health crises);

• Technology related disruptions (including, but not limited to, cyber-attacks; software implementation, upgrades or improvements; technology processing failures; or other events) related to our technology infrastructure that could impact our ability to continue operations, or at key vendors which could impact our supply chain, or at key customers which could impact their operations and cause them to curtail or pause orders;

• Competitive products and substitute products;

• Customer and competitor strategies;

• Potential difficulties in upgrading or implementing accounting and manufacturing software systems;

• Potential consolidation of our competitors;

• Potential consolidation of our customers;

• The impact of pricing and production decisions;

• Competitive technology positions;

• Our ability to protect or defend intellectual property rights;

• The introduction of trade barriers or trade disputes;

• The ability of our subsidiaries to pay us dividends;

• Uncertainties associated with new product development and the development of new product features;

• Fluctuations in currency exchange rates (such as changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and each of the euro, the Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar and between the euro and the Norwegian krone) or possible disruptions to our business resulting from uncertainties associated with the euro or other currencies;

• Decisions to sell operating assets other than in the ordinary course of business;

• The timing and amounts of insurance recoveries;

• Our ability to renew or refinance credit facilities or other debt instruments in the future;

• Changes in interest rates;

• Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity;

• The ultimate outcome of income tax audits, tax settlement initiatives or other tax matters, including future tax reform;

• Our ability to utilize income tax attributes, the benefits of which may or may not have been recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria;

• Environmental matters (such as those requiring compliance with emission and discharge standards for existing and new facilities, or new developments regarding environmental remediation or decommissioning obligations at sites related to our former operations);

• Government laws and regulations and possible changes therein (such as changes in government regulations which might impose various obligations on former manufacturers of lead pigment and lead-based paint, including NL, with respect to asserted health concerns associated with the use of such products) including new environmental, health and safety, sustainability or other regulations (such as those seeking to limit or classify TiO₂ or its use);

• The ultimate resolution of pending litigation (such as NL’s lead pigment and environmental matters);

• Our ability to comply with covenants contained in our revolving bank credit facilities;

• Our ability to complete and comply with the conditions of our licenses and permits;

• Changes in real estate values and construction costs in Henderson, Nevada; and

• Pending or possible future litigation or other actions.

Should one or more of these risks materialize (or the consequences of such development worsen), or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from those currently forecasted or expected. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement whether as a result of changes in information, future events or otherwise.

Valhi, Inc. is engaged in the chemicals (TiO₂), component products (security products and recreational marine components) and real estate management and development industries.

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Investor Relations Contact
Bryan A. Hanley
Senior Vice President and Treasurer
Tel. 972-233-1700

VALHI, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except earnings per share)

VALHI, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
IMPACT OF PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN CHEMICAL SEGMENT'S NET SALES
(unaudited)