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And lastly, I'd like to point out that during today's call, management will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations to the most comparable GAAP financial measures are included in the schedules on our press release and on the Investors section of the company's website under the Events tab. I'll now turn the call over to Steve.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Thank you, Faten. Good evening, everyone, and thank you for joining our call tonight. Before we begin, I'd just like to take a second and thank our associates, our customers, and our stakeholders in the Carolinas who have been affected by Hurricane Florence. We're monitoring the situation very closely, both for them and anyone else affected by this storm, and we're thankful to report that of the two distribution centers in the region, we did not have any building damage, product loss, or injury to our associates.

Today, I'm going to start with a few comments on the fourth quarter and full year. Mike will give you more color on results, and then we'll spend some time on Supervalu. As noted in our release, and as Faten mentioned, we have posted a presentation to help with today's discussion on the pending Supervalu acquisition. We are really excited about this transformative transaction to create a new and stronger business as a leading and premier food wholesaler with significant scale, reach, and choices for customers existing and new.

Sean will provide an update on integration planning, and then Mike will talk about Year 1 performance, leverage, and capital allocation plans. While our prepared remarks are a little longer than usual, we will be sure to answer all of your questions. We'll build on all of this information with a deeper operational and financial review of the combined company when we hold our investor day on Wednesday, January 16th in Orlando, Florida.

Turning to Q4 and full-year results. We continue to see strong growth in our supernatural channel. Supermarkets grew 4% for fiscal year '18. However, growth slowed in the fourth quarter to 1.1%. While we have maintained our customer base, we did experience store closures, brand loss to captive distribution, and a continued hyper-competitive market at retail.

The result is that net sales grew more than 10% for the year, within our expectations, but because of the shift in customer mix, specifically faster growth of lower margin customers and higher inbound freight costs, gross margin was 14.5% in the quarter, down 125 basis points from fourth quarter 2017, and below what we expected. As a result, our full-year EPS was below our revised guidance range.

During our third quarter 2018 call, we raised our guidance for the fiscal year. In hindsight, we were overly optimistic that inbound freight costs would abate and we could pass through these costs in a more expeditious way. Our focus remained on managing increased demand, and as a result, we just could not meet our expectations in these areas during this short period of time. Tough timing, but the right decision to support our growth.

Despite the fourth quarter result, I'm proud of our fiscal '18 numbers. Sales grew over 10%, and adjusted EPS grew 21% or 8% excluding the tax reform benefit. As we discussed in the past, higher demand pressured our supply chain, as we continue to see degradation in supplier inbound fill rates. Supplier out-of-stocks in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 were approximately 170 basis points unfavorable, versus the same quarter in the prior year, and approximately 60 basis points unfavorable compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2018.

We continue to be dedicated to working with our suppliers and to enhance alignment on demand signals. While we're disappointed with the acute business headwinds we faced during the fourth quarter, we do believe they're short-term in nature. For fiscal 2019, we believe that we can better manage these headwinds, particularly freight expense, as we expect to pass through more of our freight costs, despite the 1-to-2-quarter timing lag. As we expected, we're already seeing improvement in our inbound freight numbers so far this year.

In total, overall demand for better-for-you products and our compelling customer service remains very robust in an evolving marketplace, and we look forward to UNFI's opportunities for continued growth.

With that overview, I'll now turn the call over to Mike to provide you some additional color on the quarter. Thanks, Mike.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Steve. Good evening, everyone, and thank you for joining us. On tonight's call, I will speak to our fourth quarter performance, provide some additional details on the pending Supervalu acquisition, and related capital allocation plans, leverage, and Year 1 financial expectations. I'll also provide a perspective on UNFI's outlook for fiscal 2019, excluding Supervalu.

Starting with our fiscal 2018 fourth quarter results. Net sales were $2.59 billion, an increase of 10.7%, or approximately $251 million, compared to Q4 last year. In the fourth quarter, we continued to experience modest inflation of approximately 27 basis points, which was slightly higher than last quarter's inflation of 23 basis points. This marks the ninth consecutive quarter of either modest deflation or near-zero inflation, compared to our 10-year average of 2.1%.

Given that our customer contracts are predominantly cost plus a percentage markup, the lack of historic levels of inflation continue to be a headwind to our EBITDA dollar growth. From a channel perspective, fourth quarter supernatural channel net sales accelerated to 27.5% over Q4 last year and represented 37.9% of total net sales during the quarter.

Supermarket channel net sales increased a modest 1.1% versus last year and landed at 27.3% of total net sales for the quarter. The independent channel net sales grew at 5.7% over the prior year, and independents represented approximately 25.1% of total net sales. The remainder of our business declined by approximately 1.5% versus Q4 last year, primarily as a result of the divestiture of Earth Origins' retail business. On July 15th, we closed on the divestiture of our 8 remaining natural food retail stores that operate under the Earth Origins market banner.

Let me also comment on our food service and e-commerce channels, which have historically been included in our other channel results. Our food service channel represents approximately 4% of our total net sales and grew at 3.6% in Q4 versus Q4 last year. E-commerce represents approximately 3% of our total net sales, and declined 2.8% in Q4 versus last year, as we rationalized out some of our less profitable business. Going forward, we will continue to invest for profitable growth on our e-commerce channel, as we are uniquely positioned to add value with our broad assortment in the right shipment sizes, and at attractive price points.

Gross margin results for the fourth quarter were disappointing at 14.50%, a decrease of 125 basis points compared to the same period last year. The decline was driven by a greater-than-expected shift in customer mix, where net sales growth of our largest customer outpaced growth of other customers with higher margins, as well as an increase in inbound freight costs.

Operating expenses increased $19.1 million, to $326.2 million in the fourth quarter, compared to $307.1 million in the fourth quarter Last year. The company recorded approximately $5.0 million of acquisition-related costs associated with the pending Supervalu acquisition and $4.6 million of restructuring and divestiture expense in the fourth quarter related to the restructuring and subsequent sale of the Earth Origins retail business.

Total operating expenses were 12.58% of net sales for the fourth quarter; a 54 basis point decrease compared to the same period last year. Excluding restructuring and divestiture charges and the acquisition-related costs, adjusted operating expenses improved by 78 basis points, primarily driven by leveraging of fixed costs and SG&A expense improvements, which were partially offset by increased labor and fuel costs to service demand.

Fuel costs for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 increased by 10 basis points as a percent of distribution net sales, compared to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, and represented 52 basis points of distribution net sales. Our diesel fuel costs per gallon increased by approximately 29.7% in the fourth quarter versus the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, while the Department of Energy's average national diesel price was up approximately 28.6% during the quarter, or $0.72 per gallon compared to the year-ago period.

Compared to the third quarter of 2018, our diesel cost per gallon was up 2.9% or $0.08 a gallon for the same period the Department of Energy's national average price per gallon for diesel was up 6.6%. As a reminder, fuel costs impact us in two ways. For inbound freight, cost increases eventually work their way into our product cost, as either suppliers increase their cost to us, or we increase our freight costs to the suppliers for whom we pick up product.

In either case, there is commonly a lag of one to two quarters from the realization of the cost increases to when those costs are reflected in the value of the inventory that is sold to customers. In that interim period where costs are rising but not yet reflected in our product cost, this is a headwind to our gross margin. This has been the case for us over the past three quarters, as freight rates and fuel costs have been rising.

Once these cost increases are reflected in our product costs, we will see the related tailwind to EBITDA dollar growth, all else being equal. Barring additional increases in fuel or overall freight costs, we expect to see the recent inbound freight headwinds dissipate in the first half of fiscal 2019, and turn to positive EBITDA dollar growth.

Outbound freight is the second primary way that fuel costs impact our results. Outbound freight impacts our operating expenses and is naturally hedged by our customer surcharge programs. When the fuel surcharge is in effect, as it has been over the past couple years, the lag from realization of cost changes to reflection in our surcharge program is closer to one month.

Moving ahead. The share-based compensation expense represented 16 basis points of net sales in Q4, compared to 30 basis points in the fourth quarter of last year. On a dollar basis, share-based compensation expense was down $2.9 million to $4.1 million, compared to $7 million in Q4 last year. This decrease was driven by a reduction of performance-based awards which are determined by actual full-year results.

Other expense was $3.7 million for the fourth quarter, compared to other income of $2.1 million for the same period last year. The year-over-year difference was driven by a gain of $6.1 million related to the sale of the company's stake in Kicking Horse Coffee in Q4 of last fiscal year. Operating income decreased $11.7 million to $49.8 million during the fourth quarter, compared to $61.5 million for the fourth quarter fiscal 2017. Adjusted operating income, which excludes acquisition, restructuring, and divestiture charges decreased $7.8 million to $59.3 million for the fourth quarter, compared to adjusted operating income of $64.4 million for the fourth quarter last year.

Adjusted EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $81 million, a decrease of 6.4% from adjusted EBITDA of $86.5 million for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 3.12% of net sales, down 58 basis points from Q4 last year. The decrease in operating income and adjusted EBITDA were driven primarily by gross margin headwinds referenced earlier. Q4 GAAP EPS was $0.64, compared to $0.76 in Q4 last year. Adjusted EPS decreased $0.04 or 5.6%, $0.76 for the fourth quarter, compared to adjusted EPS of $0.72 for fourth quarter of fiscal 2018.

Q4 2018 adjusted EPS benefited from a lower tax rate due to the tax reform. We had free cash flow of $149.7 million in fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, compared to free cash flow of $101.6 million in the fourth quarter last year. This is the largest quarterly free cash flow in the company's history, and it was primarily driven by improvements in inventory and accounts receivable versus last quarter.

Outstanding lender commitments under our credit facility were $884 million, excluding reserves, with available liquidity of approximately $674 million, including cash and cash equivalents. At the end of Q4, our availability under our credit facility was approximately $650.2 million. Our debt-to-EBITDA leverage at the end of fiscal 2018 improved to 1.15x on a trailing 12-month basis and excluding operating leases.

On August 30, 2018, we finalized a new credit facility agreement for $2 billion, which will go into effect upon the close of the Supervalu acquisition. Lender group support for this new credit facility was very strong, and it will have the same pricing tiers as our current credit facility, which will terminate upon close of the deal.

Turning to our full-year results. The company generated record net sales of $10.23 billion in fiscal 2018, an increase of 10.3%, or approximately $952 million over fiscal 2017 results. We experienced moderate inflation for the year at 25 basis points, versus deflation of 11 basis points in fiscal 2017. For the full-year, adjusted EBITDA was $335.8 million, an increase of 5.3% compared to adjusted EBITDA of $318.9 million last fiscal year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 3.28% of net sales, down 16 basis points from last year, driven by the gross margin headwinds associated with customer mix and inbound freight.

For fiscal 2018, the company reported net income of $165.7 million, or $3.26 per fully diluted share, an increase of approximately $36 million over prior year. As Steve mentioned, adjusted EPS increased 21% or $0.54 per share to $3.11, compared to adjusted EPS of $2.57 last fiscal year.

Capital expenditures for fiscal 2018 were approximately $44.6 million, or 0.44% of net sales, which was lower than our expectations, as we have delayed certain projects, primarily in IT, in anticipation of the Supervalu acquisition. For fiscal 2017, capital expenditures were $56.1 million, or 0.61% of net sales. Over the past five years, our capital expenditures have averaged approximately 1.1% of net sales.

Next, I'd like to cover our fiscal 2019 guidance, excluding the pending Supervalu acquisition. For fiscal 2019, we expect continued strong net sales growth with moderated EBITDA margin dilution versus fiscal 2018, and strong adjusted EPS growth. On a comparable 52-week basis, we expect our net sales to grow by 6.5% to 8.4%, due primarily to lapping the strong growth from our largest customer.

On a comparable 52-week basis, our adjusted EPS is expected to grow in the range of 10% to 12% over fiscal 2018. Please note that our GAAP EPS incorporates $9.6 million in one-time Supervalu deal and integration-related costs, which we would expect to incur if the acquisition did not close in fiscal 2019, as expected.

Capital expenditures are expected to be 1.5% to 1.8% of net sales, driven by capacity expansion projects. We are committed to these particular capital projects for their strong financial returns with or without the impact of the pending Supervalu acquisition. Fiscal 2019 free cash flow is expected to be $40 million to $70 million, with working capital growing at a slower rate than net sales.

For more details on our fiscal 2019 guidance, and the specific impact of the 53rd week on our expected fiscal year results, please refer to the table in our press release from earlier today. Now, let me turn the call over to Steve to talk more about the Supervalu transaction.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Thanks, Mike. Turning to Supervalu. Our operating environment continues to evolve rapidly, and we believe that the acquisition will better help us meet the growing needs of our customers. By expanding our product offerings and leverage our cost base, we will be able to add additional scale, which will enable us to grow and deliver value for our shareholders.

Combined, UNFI and Supervalu, we believe to be the premier food wholesaler. We will have, after the combination, over 60 distribution centers, 250,000 SKUs, and more than 5,700 private label brands. We will be providing high-demand products and value-added services to over 45,000 customers, including in-store and general administrative back-of-the-house programs to retailers.

With over $3 billion in fresh produce and protein sales across the country, in addition to our center store expertise, we will have built out our store offering, enabling all of our combined customers access to the widest variety of products in an economically attractive way. We are focused on helping our retail customers across all channels, with broader product offerings and with merchandising, data analysis, and category management.

On a combined basis, we expect UNFI and Supervalu to achieve greater scale, which we will put to work to further build out the store to both new and existing customers. Let's now turn to our synergy projections. I want to emphasize for you what we expect and how we expect to get there. Based on our current assessment, we believe we can achieve cost synergies of more than $175 million by Year 3. In addition, we are expecting additional sales and other related synergies, which we will discuss in more detail during our investor day, and once we've had more time to fully understand the opportunities.

If you turn to the presentation on our website, I'll walk through the slides now. I'm starting with Page 3. As you can see, with Supervalu, we are creating an industry leader, combining the best of both UNFI and Supervalu. The combination, when closed, offers significant upside resulting from large, identified, and achievable synergies, and gives us a path for long-term growth. This is a game-changer for us and for our industry.

We are really, really excited to create North America's premier wholesale distributor. We're confident that we're going to deliver $175 million of cost synergies, and we're excited to talk more about that in January. We're excited to continue to cross-sell our better-for-you, natural, organic brands into Supervalu customers, and further build out the store with produce and protein across the country; something that we've been talking about for many years.

We've got a very experienced management team with a lot of wholesale and natural, organic experience from both UNFI and Supervalu. We're going to pick the best of both. We're also going to look outside the company where we need to in terms of our Board, as well as our executive experience as we built a bigger business. We're going to create long-term shareholder value using the discipline that we've managed over the last five years as it relates to capital allocation and capital expenditures.

Turning to Page 4. The combination creates compelling value for all of our stakeholders. For our customers, it allows us to be more meaningful and a valuable long-term partner. For our shareholders, the cost synergies create real value. And our scale, and reach, and capabilities of the combined company set us up to win in the long term. We've talked about synergies, and we'll talk a lot more about synergies. $175 million of cost-related synergies. We'll share more synergy information as it relates to greater opportunities in January.

Diversification of our customer base. Our customer concentration in our largest customer, in the combination becomes 18%. We'll now have a large customer base in supermarkets, with strong demand for our products, foods with better-for-you product attributes. We greatly expand our market reach in scale, and scale drives cost efficiency. We've always had a model that says we're going to lower our costs at a rate that's greater than the decline in the gross margin, and scale is the greatest enabler for that.

Technology. Proven technology platforms, both from UNFI and Supervalu will be deployed across the network.

Turning to Page 5. It shows the geographic reach of the combined company. We think it illustrates well the significant opportunity to increase efficiencies in areas where our networks overlap. No one is closer to the customer, and no one has greater SKU offerings across the most in-store categories throughout the center of the store and the perimeter in our retailer locations. In distribution, scale wins. Sixty-plus DCs close to the consumer. All products that further build out the store. Larger drop sizes with more products delivered to our customer, closer to the customer is what drives success. It's what retailers today demand, and it's what we'll have.

One of the key benefits of bringing the two companies together, as you can see on Page 6, is how it dramatically increases our customer diversification. The supernatural channel, which consists solely of Whole Foods, will represent 18% of our net sales on a pro forma basis, compared to close to 37% in fiscal '18. And, again, looking at Page 6, the other important commentary is that the average customer relationship across all of our customers for the Top 25 customers, spans over 20 years. There's little turnover in our customer base. And, as importantly, we have complementary customers with complementary SKUs and services.

In addition to the benefits of customer diversification, the low level of existing customer overlap, as I said, provides a growth opportunity over the long-term through expanding our relationship with customers by offering a broader selection of SKUs. While cross-selling clearly represents a long-term opportunity, I'm going to focus today on providing you with more detail on cost synergies.

Prior to our announcement and in diligence, as you would expect, we did a lot of modeling around synergy opportunities. We have continued to refine our plans, and with the assistance of PWC on integration consulting, we are working on plans to integrate efficiently, while taking into consideration both company's unique market positions, which Sean will speak to shortly. On our announcement call, we estimated that we would be able to capture more than $175 million in synergies by Year 3. We've continued to refine our view, and we now believe that we can achieve cost synergies of $175 million in Year 3, and $185 million in Year 4, as I noted earlier.

We have a robust plan and team in place, and we're delighted that Sean Griffin is energized to lead this effort as the incoming CEO of Supervalu. Sean has more than 30 years of industry experience, and with him at the helm, we have a high degree of confidence that we'll be able to capitalize on the synergy opportunities and realize the full potential of this transformative combination. As we work through the integration, our plan is to take the best practices, systems, and technologies from both companies to improve operational efficiencies, customer service, and product levels and corporate functions.

I'm now going to turn the call over to Sean, who will give you a little more color on integration planning. Sean?

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Terrific. Thank you, Steve. Good evening, everyone. Welcome to the call. Yes, we've been hard at work on Supervalu integration planning, and we feel really good about the progress that we've made so far. As Steve has noted, we have retained PWC as advisors through our integration planning, and we have developed a very solid plan. As is referenced in Slide 9 of the deck on integration planning, we have assembled a strong team of associates, leading various functional workstreams from both the UNFI and Supervalu organizations. These teams and functional workstreams are now moving through the process of diversify to evaluate the current UNFI and Supervalu operations.

Our mission is to run the combined businesses successfully, beginning on Day 1, and to accelerate momentum through the first 100 days post-close. We believe that there are many opportunities to benefit from, even on Day 1. Not limited to, but by example only, indirect spend. Indirect spend is the procurement of non-saleable, non-inventory goods and services, such as fleet, material handling equipment, IT services, and any third-party suppliers or supplies. The opportunity to aggregate the purchasing strength of both companies to lower costs is significant, and only an example of the upside.

We are adhering to an integration timeline and building specific milestones along the way to maintain control and governance with clear accountability for our first 100 days and then forward. Our integration team is fully staffed with experienced subject-matter experts with appropriate advisory resources to manage the integration timeline and, most importantly, the expected deliverables.

Let me take a look at some specific areas of opportunity. Steve talked about certainly rationalizing duplicative SG&A costs. Think about the additional assets in scale, and optimizing the combined company's inbound and outbound transportation expense. Now with 60 distribution centers, we will need to consolidate and optimize our network. Harmonization of direct supplier agreements, oftentimes referred to as commercial terms, and other third-party agreements. We expect that executing on these efficiencies will deliver synergies and improve the profitability and efficiency of our company over the long term. We will leverage scalable systems to streamline our processes, more efficiently meet the needs of our customers, and reduce future capital expenditures.

We really have a unique opportunity here to take the best, the very best of each company, and that includes talent, process, and systems, in a combination of the best capabilities to serve a very broad customer base. Importantly, through this combination, UNFI will be in a position to realize run-rate cost synergies of $175 million by Year 3.

I'd like to talk a little bit about Supervalu's underlying business. Supervalu's business has been impacted by a number of factors in recent years, primarily driven by challenges with running owned retail banners. As you know, we are committed to selling these assets. We know wholesale. It is our core competency at United Natural Foods, and we think we're pretty good at it. We believe in the strength of Supervalu's core wholesale business, which they have worked hard at building over these last several years. Supervalu's wholesale business is solid, with many talented people who we expect to complement UNFI's team.

The Supervalu team is prepared and ready for this integration. And, in fact, they already have developed integration muscle in their organization through previous acquisitions and follow-on integration. They have efficient distribution centers, some of which are automated, and they have demonstrated their ability to take cost out and become more efficient and productive. Supervalu has great expertise in high velocity SKUs and other high-growth perimeter categories such as meat, deli, and produce. Very complementary in the combined company and will be valuable in realizing anticipated growth synergies ahead.

In addition, through the integration process, we are learning a lot about Supervalu's culture, and it's extremely interesting the alignment pointed toward better serving our customers. The opportunity to bring these two companies together is really incredible. It's bold, it's a transformative transaction, and we believe it will position the combined company well into the future in creating a right value proposition for our customers, our associates, and our long-term shareholders.

I certainly look forward to working with both teams -- the United Natural Foods team and the Supervalu team -- at making this vision a reality. Thank you. Steve, I'll turn it over to you.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Thanks, Sean. I'm going to go back to the deck, and we're going to start back up again on page 7 of the presentation, where we outline our expectations on the buckets of synergies, our targets and expected one-time costs. We've broken them into two primary categories -- operational and overhead. You can see that we've set a reasonable expectation of the time to achieve the synergies, with 25% in Year 1, 65% in Year 2, 95% by Year 3, and 100% by Year 4.

For one-time costs, we expect to incur the bulk of the costs to achieve the cost synergies in the first two years, with a tail in Years 3 to 5, primarily related to the integration of IT systems, as we take the best of both systems and deploy them across the combined network. One important note on page 7 is that the synergy estimates that we're quoting are incremental to Supervalu's assumed synergies from the last two acquisitions that they've made primarily.

Turning to page 8, we lay out more detail around our major areas of synergy. First, overhead optimization, which accounts for approximately 66% of the synergy. The largest opportunity is streamlining and removing duplicative SG&A costs, followed by rationalizing contracts, and consolidating IT spend, which has both an operating and a capex benefit.

The secondary of synergy representing 34% of the target is related to operational efficiencies. As you saw from the map on page 7, our expanded distribution network as a result of this combination provides opportunities to use excess capacity by relocating third-party inventory to our distribution centers. We will streamline our DCs by consolidating in markets where we overlap, reducing the direct costs of the DCs, and also by allowing us to optimize transportation costs, and increase distribution center productivity.

The last area of synergy I'll point out today is capex. I've already mentioned the benefit of reduced IT capex in the combined company. We will also avoid incremental capex that we had planned to deploy the UNFI IT systems. Additionally, with broader distribution, UNFI will avoid the need to build out additional DCs to support the strong growth within the natural and organic business.

Before turning the call back over to Mike, I'd like to address Supervalu's retail business and our plans to divest it. Moving to page 10 on the deck. We believe Supervalu's core distribution business is strong. Combined with UNFI's core distribution business, the resulting combination is powerful. From SKUs to scale to perimeter, services and center store, we will be the premier food wholesaler.

Running retail banners just is not our core business. We have been clear since announcements regarding our plans to divest. Divesting these retail assets is complex, and Supervalu is already at work on the process with the sale of Farm Fresh. In addition, earlier this week, Supervalu announced the sale of 19 Shop 'n Save stores in the St. Louis market to Schnuck Markets. The transaction is planned to occur with a staggered close process that is currently expected to finish by late October 2018, subject to customary closing conditions.

As we move forward with the divestiture of the remaining retail banners and stores, our goal will be to proceed in an expedited manner, but with a focus on maximizing value, including paying careful attention to the impact of supply agreements and capacity needs. We have teams hard at work to achieve the best outcome and, where applicable, have engaged third parties to assist. We're confident that we'll be able to exit the retail business successfully and we'll provide you with more detail at our investor day.

I'm now going to turn the call back over to Mike, who will go through our thoughts on leverage and capital allocation. Mike?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Steve. As you have heard from Steve and Sean, the acquisition is strategically compelling and positions us well for future growth and value creation. Now, I'd like to touch on the information included on Slides 11 through 13, and cover Year 1 expectations for the combined companies, including capital allocation plans, debt structure, and leverage.

In the first full year after the acquisition closes, we expect combined company net sales excluding retail and discontinued operations, to be approximately $24.2 to $24.8 billion. Year 1 adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $655 million to $675 million, excluding retail, one-time deal integration-related expenses. In addition, we expect a low double-digit percentage increase in adjusted EPS versus our fiscal 2019 guidance, excluding one-time costs and the impact of purchase accounting.

After Year 1, we continue to expect double-digit adjusted EPS growth excluding retail one-time costs, and the impact of purchase price accounting. As Steve noted, we'll be giving you more detail on our long-term expectations at our investor day in Orlando on January 16th.

Cost synergies are the primary value driver in this transaction. As we move forward, we are focused on a successful integration and delivering these cost synergies. As Steve mentioned, we are expecting to achieve more than $175 million in cost synergies in Year 3, and achieve our run rate cost synergies of more than $185 million in Year 4. These assumptions exclude growth synergies and are in addition to the synergies expected from Supervalu's acquisitions of AG Florida and Unified Grocers.

As we have continued our confirmatory diligence process, we are increasingly confident in delivering these synergy assumptions. While we are not depending on growth synergies to be a large driver of value in this deal, we continue to believe that there are significant opportunities as we have outlined. Once the deal is closed and we've spent more time with customers, we'll provide more specifics.

From a capital expenditure standpoint over the long term, we expect the combined company's capex as a percentage of net sales to be approximately 1% of net sales, which excludes capital avoidance assumptions related to optimizing our capacity and IT spending going forward. Our capital expenditures for fiscal 2019 will be focused on the expansion of distribution center capacity in certain geographies and the integration efforts related to the pending acquisition of Supervalu.

From a capital allocation standpoint, we will remain disciplined as we focus our efforts on the Supervalu integration and reducing leverage. We will forego M&A opportunities in the near term. We will also forego share repurchase until we meet our long-term debt and EBITDA leverage target of 2.0 to 2.5x, excluding operating leases. We will actively manage our working capital to enhance cash flow by ensuring net working capital grows at a slower rate than net sales. We will continue to invest in the business and use the expected strong free cash flow from the business to pay down debt, which will be almost entirely pre-payable.

At close, the debt-to-EBITDA leverage for the combined company is expected to be approximately 4.7x. This calculation is based on the total trailing 12-month reported adjusted EBITDA for both companies, including retail, Supervalu's Albertsons TSA, and approximately $3.5 billion in total debt. Excluding the impact of the outgoing Albertsons TSA, we expect to reduce total enterprise leverage by two turns within the first three years after closing.

The combined company's normalized debt-to-EBITDA leverage is expected to be 3.9x at the close of the deal. This calculation excludes the EBITDA impact of the outgoing Supervalu TSA and retail business while including the full-year impact of the AG Florida and Unified acquisitions. It also includes the additional expense associated with Supervalu's recently completed sale leasebacks, as well as the Year 4 run rate cost synergies of $185 million. For additional details on the leverage calculations, please refer to Slide 13 of the presentation.

In summary, we are very excited about the potential of this combination. By bringing together the best of both companies across capabilities, processes, systems, and talent, we have an opportunity to deliver a superior outcome for our shareholders, customers, suppliers, and associates. I look forward to the deal closing and providing you with more details at our investor day in January. At this point, I'll turn the call over to Steve for closing remarks.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Thanks, Mike. Before I wrap up, I do want to acknowledge and thank our UNFI associates who have worked around the clock throughout 2018 to keep up with our very high growth rate. From drivers to warehouse associates and logistics teams to operations management. These are the associates who exhibited leadership, poise, and dedication throughout this time. I would also like to thank all of our associates and Supervalu associates who are working on the integration planning.

I'm very proud of our people. UNFI associates and our management team have continuously demonstrated their dedication throughout this period and have worked tirelessly to provide exceptional service in a dynamic, changing retail environment. Their work is exceptional. In summary, we believe this is an exciting time for UNFI. Our industry is evolving, and we are changing with it to meet the needs of our customers, and grow together. Scale, supply chain, and people are what differentiate distribution options. Together they're poised to help retailers drive down costs and increase consumer traffic.

Consumer demand for the products we sell is robust, and we have a strong pipeline of exciting opportunities ahead. We believe our combination with Supervalu, demonstrated leadership within better-for-you distribution, will provide long-term growth opportunities and enable us to achieve our goals and long-term objectives. At this point, I'll turn the call over to the operator to begin the question-and-answer session.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

At this time, I would like to remind everyone that to ask a question, please press * then the number 1 on your telephone keypad. Our first question comes from the line of Edward Kelly of Wells Fargo. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Edward Kelly -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Hi, good afternoon, guys. I wanted to start off on Supervalu. Can you talk about the biggest challenges associated with integrating these businesses, given the diverse SKU base? How much change operationally is going to be required to capture synergies? How much risk is there within the integration? How do you mitigate that to the best of your ability?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

I'll start it off first, Ed. We have hired PWC, which we mentioned in our commentary. PWC has a terrific and very disciplined plan for developing the segments for bringing the two companies together, identifying the segments, balancing the risk, and putting us in a place where we can really win. We can do it right. We can be consistent with our culture. But we can run the plan and run it in a way that balances the risk associated with capturing the synergies. Sean?

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Ed, the way that I see it in terms of having spent a lot of time looking at the diligence and now that we're in the planning stage, we feel really good about where, let's call them the buckets of opportunity lie. I would say that we were cautious in thinking about the phasing. The timing of the synergies really is frankly what we need to deliver on. That's what we need to focus on. We know where those opportunities lie. We know what the SG&A looks like. We know what our plan looks like in terms of having 60 contribution centers, and what the best path forward is in terms of optimization.

We took an approach where we're only looking at 25% in Year 1, 65% in Year 2, and then 95% in Year 3. The short answer is timing.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Yeah, I would also add that if you were to ask me that question a month or so ago, I would've said I would've been a little more worried about retail, given that it's just not something that we're particularly -- we don't have a competency in retail. But now that we've gotten a chance to really get into it, look under the covers, meet some of the Supervalu people who are really tasked with divesting these assets, and certainly consistent with the announcement earlier this week on the sale to Schnuck's, I'd say I feel much better about our ability to divest ourselves of retail in a really reasonable and economic timeframe.

Edward Kelly -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Just a follow-up, Steve. Taking a step back and strategically thinking about the acquisition and what it says about how you're thinking about the business. You're increasing your exposure to independent and regional supermarkets, decreasing exposure to the higher growth, lower margin Whole Foods business. I guess what does the merger say about the Whole Foods contract long-term, the optimal mix of this business over time? Is it as simple as just putting these two businesses together, getting the synergies, and that's our margin? Or is it more complicated than that?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

I would answer a couple ways. The retail world is shifting and changing. There has to be consolidation. I think my view is I wanted to be at the front of it, as opposed to the back end of it, No. 1. No. 2, scale is what drives the day in distribution. Scale drives the day. Having big distribution centers where you run a lot of volume through them gives us the ability to lower costs, be more efficient, higher service to the customer, closer to the customer, and quite frankly, scale is, like I said, is what drives the day. We have to be bigger, we have to be closer to the consumer, and we have to drive more volume through our DCs.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

I would just add that no one is suggesting that it's not complex, that this proposition is simple to execute. However, when we think about the grocery retail environment, the four walls of a retailer, this combination puts us in a position where we can win in every department in a retail store, retail grocery store. And then beyond, there are some very interesting and compelling service offerings in the Supervalu arsenal today.

That when we think about UNFI's independent customer base, there's a lot of value in the back-office, transactional, financial transactional, payroll services that our independent customers don't have the scale to win those services at a low cost. And so, we have a lot of opportunity to have a great deal of traction and stickiness with a much broader customer base.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Specific to your question about independent supermarkets, one of the things the independent supermarkets desperately need is far greater access to the items that UNFI is particularly good at. So, there's a tremendous amount of selling synergy associated with selling our products into the existing Supervalu customer base.

Edward Kelly -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

Great. Thanks, guys.

Operator

Your next question from the line of John Heinbockel of Guggenheim Securities. Please go ahead; your line is open.

John Heinbockel -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Steve, if you look at your core business and Supervalu, take out synergy on their side, the profitability has been under pressure, right? For a little while now. How much of that do you think is transitory freight-related, getting your arms around demand? How much more secular when you think about mix? Then the secular piece, what do you think both you and they need to do to stabilize profitability in the core business?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Let me try the last one first. I think you asked me without synergies, but obviously one of the primaries is synergy in commercial terms. Bringing companies together and taking a look at commercial terms and making sure we're getting the best of both. Indirect procurement is just a really significant synergy in acquiring fleet, material handling equipment, inbound freight, and so on and so forth.

And then there are things that we do really well that they don't. And there are things that they do really well that we don't. So, in the short term, that's the low-hanging fruit that we really need to get our hands around. As it relates specifically to freight, for us, because obviously I can speak a lot more competently about our view on freight, as opposed to their view on freight, is we were just slow or slower than we thought we would be in passing through, No. 1, the fairly significant increases in the inbound cost. And 2, I think we underestimated the rate of increased freight costs that we incurred in the quarter, and as a result, didn't pass through.

So, I think it's a timing issue. We just got caught behind the 8-ball a little bit. I feel pretty good it's not going to happen again.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

I'd just add, John, that UNFI's model in terms of inbound freight, we have greater exposure to the volatility of the market. We've managed approximately 40% of the inbound tons. Supervalu has a different model. It's obviously more CPG, more conventional. It's more supplier delivered. So, when things are attractive in the market, the exposure that UNFI has to this model is beneficial to our gross margin. What we saw in Q3, now into Q4, of course, is the reverse. We missed it. We missed the rising costs. We certainly had a plan to phase in the freight increases, and we did. They just didn't get there against the costs.

Now, the good news is that we are beginning to see that now print in the early innings of opening up our FY19.

John Heinbockel -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Okay, then maybe secondly, you talked about consolidating DC capacity. In order of magnitude, what are you thinking about in terms of maybe square footage? Then one of the problems for both of you was capacity to handle the growth. Do you sort of run the risk if you shut down some of that capacity, that you need it for growth? Or maybe you just think it's in the wrong places? What's your thought on that?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

On the first question, John, we'll give you more color about network and consolidation of DCs when we get together in January. We're not going to have a lot of detail on that yet, because that's just going to take some time to really understand. The good news, and there was some commentary on this, is we spend a lot of money on on-site storage. In other words, we don't have the capacity in the DCs. So, we're forced to either store products in trailers that are really inefficient, or we have to rent space at public warehouses and transport it back to our DCs on a daily basis; really inefficient, really expensive.

Right out of the gate, we're going to get out of public storage wherever we can, and we're going to get out of trailers wherever we can, and that's a huge win. We also have a couple of markets in the U.S. that we're at capacity. So, when a customer says, we'd love you to do some additional service, distribution, our answer unfortunately has to be you're going to have to hold until we have some capacity within that market. With the addition of the new DCs, we no longer have that issue.

John Heinbockel -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Karen Short of Barclays. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Karen Short -- Barclays -- Analyst

Thanks. A couple questions just on guidance. I realize it may be irrelevant shortly once this closes. But it seems to me that at the midpoint of guidance, your EBIT margins are really only slightly contracting. I know you talked to some puts and takes, but that just seems very optimistic. I guess I ask it in the context partly of freight, because last year when we had the hurricanes, that was the start of freight issues. It kept getting worse, even well beyond the hurricane impact. So, could you talk to that? Then I had another question on the acquisition. Thanks.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

I'll take the freight, and then, Mike, you can take the margin. For us, the freight issue is an inbound issue. We move a decent amount of the inbound freight on our own trucks. A little less than 50%. About 40-some-odd-percent we move on our own fleet. The rest we do through contract labor. Again, on the outbound to the customer, we're fairly hedged there because we have fuel surcharges that cover those increases. On the inbound side, it's more a timing issue than anything else, Karen. When we get the increases, we pass them through. Unfortunately, it takes one or two quarters to do that. The rate of increase in Q4 was far greater than we thought it would be, but we expect that to come back.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Just to add to those comments, Karen. The margin dilutes a little bit in fiscal '19 in the guidance, as you suggest. But the story really is that inbound freight piece that we talked about. That's the improvement that we'll see going forward, and as we alluded to, we're already seeing some of that benefit come in.

Karen Short -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay. On your our actual e-commerce slowdown, could you maybe quantify what the impact of rationalizing the e-commerce customer was on the growth rate? And then I did have one question on the acquisition.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

It wasn't any one particular e-commerce customer. If you remember, a couple years ago, we went through a very careful analysis in our food service business. We took a look at those customers we could no longer deliver or we could no longer serve. We either increased the price or we dropped out of delivery because we just couldn't make it work. Quite frankly, we hadn't done that on e-commerce, and we did that in this particular quarter. I think it's more timing than anything else.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Just also, well, also just an incredibly dynamic environment with e-commerce; with huge swings up and huge swings down. Remember, it's 3% or less of our business. As far as our own e-commerce operations on Honest Green, we continue to invest in that. We saw triple-digit growth in Honest Green and that is when we're doing fulfillment on behalf of the customers with our own e-commerce operation. It's continuing to grow.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Yeah, I think it's more timing than anything else.

Karen Short -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay. I get it that scale is what matters in distribution. But you talked to larger drop size, and I guess what I'm confused about is why would you end up with larger drop sizes just because you have scale when you don't have really any overlapping customer base between the two assets?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

It's really a matter of if you think of not today, but in the next couple of years, the DCs are going to be blended. So, DCs will likely be split by fast-moving and slow-moving. We will be delivering a very broad mix of SKUs to our customers. So, if they buy protein, produce, center store, frozen, refrigerated, dairy, it's all going to come on one truck.

Karen Short -- Barclays -- Analyst

Okay, that makes sense. Thanks.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Scott Mushkin of Wolfe Research. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Michael Otway -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst

Good evening, everyone. This is Mike Otway in for Scott. I appreciate you taking the questions. I guess first on the supermarket side, the business slowed in the fourth quarter. Steve, you gave a few highlights as to what transpired Any other color there? What are you guys anticipating for next year? Are you anticipating a pick-up in that business?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

What I talked about is that the quarter, again, a little bit of timing. Again, we did have some store closures. Not business we lost, it's just existing customers closed stores. Not as many store openings as we thought, obviously. Again, we have this dynamic of as SKUs start moving faster, they go to captive where a captive is available. But again, that's more timing than anything else. We're not really in a position to provide any color around guidance and conventional for next year, but remember, Supervalu's largest customer group is independent supermarkets.

One of the things the independent supermarkets need the most are the products that we have. So, one of the greatest certainly growth opportunities outside of the cost synergies are associated with us selling our existing better-for-you products into Supervalu's existing independent supermarket customer base.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

I would just say that to recognize that we did have a deceleration in the supermarket channel in the quarter. On a full-year basis, we actually did pretty well in the supermarket channel and met our own internal expectations at about 4%.

Michael Otway -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you, both, for that. Mike, a quick clarification question in terms of pro forma accretion. I think in the slide deck that you guys had following the deal announcement, it was just accretion in Year 1, and it looks like it's low double-digit accretion. It looks like that has improved. Am I right in that? If so, what's driving the improvement there?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, we just wanted to provide a little more clarity on what that was. We had said significant the last time we were out. Now we're saying low double-digit EPS accretion on an adjusted basis, excluding the one-time cost and purchase price accounting over the fiscal '19 guidance that we just provided for EPS.

Michael Otway -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst

Got it. Has it improved a little bit or is it about the same, it's just language?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, it's very similar to what we were looking at before.

Michael Otway -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Kelly Bania of BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Hi, thanks for taking the questions. I wanted to ask about the guidance for sales next year. I think what you're saying on a 52-week basis is about 6.5% to 8.5% growth. I guess just a decent moderation from this year. So, was curious if you could explain why and what you're expecting to moderate? And if there's any color you can provide on mix, which sounds like it continues to be a surprise with our largest customer and how we should think about what kind of mix is embedded in your guidance for next year?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Kelly, this is Mike. Thanks for the question. First of all, the 52-week comparable guidance is 6.5% to 8.4% growth. As you know, we've got a 53rd week next year, so that makes the growth 8.6% to 10.5% due to the comparable 53rd week. In terms of that compared to the 10.3% growth we had here in fiscal '18, you have to remember for our largest customer, we're lapping a variety of new product categories that we brought into that customer as we built out the store there. That mitigates a little bit of that growth trend that we saw.

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay. And so any other color on the mix that is embedded in your guidance for the year?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

No. Like I said, we continue to expect our largest customer to have a strong growth rate, but not as strong as what we saw in fiscal '18.

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay. Another question on Supervalu. As you talked at the customers, you talked about pretty minimal cross-over. Are Supervalu customers using a different natural and organic supplier or are they not using a natural and organic supplier at all? I'm just wonderful where the opportunity could come from if they're already under certain contracts, or if it would be a new relationship for those customers?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

It's going to be really different by geography, by customer. There are some customers that I think just have a very limited selection of the items that we sell, for whatever reason. I think we can really help those customers have a much broader product offering to place in the stores. That's what we do really well. I think a lot of this customer-level detail, we're going to have to get into in a much bigger way once we close. I think our plan would be to share a lot more of the detail around the growth opportunities with you in January at the investor day.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Just to add to Steve's comments, there's efficiency here too to consider. Today, for our kind of products to make it to those customers, they may have to do it through a cross-dock operation or a less efficient manner to get to the customer at the end. It's one of the opportunities here. Either if it is some of the same SKUs, that we can get it done more efficiently.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

It's a broader portfolio of offering that this particular broad customer base may not have access to.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Again, I think the reason that scale wins here is today, the more a retailer, conventional retailer in particular, can buy from a singular source, the better it's going to be for them. It just drives down the cost overall. It reduces pressure in the back of the store to receive more and more invoices. Certainly, the message we're hearing from customers and the pressure that we're hearing from customers is please, sell me more of the store. Whether it be conventional, whether it be produce or protein. I need to aggregate my purchases. Less trucks, more scale, lower cost.

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay, that's helpful. Maybe just one more for Sean. You'll be leading this integration here and a couple months ago we thought you were retiring. Just curious how long are you committed to the 3-or-4-year period to see this through completion?

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

We haven't specifically talked about commitment, but I'm in it to get the job done, Kelly.

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Paul Trussell of Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Paul Trussell -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Just when we look at Year 1, could you talk about the synergy breakdown between overhead and operational cost savings? How should we think about Year 1 capex? And just overall, if you can talk about your philosophy around cash and investing, making capital investments, versus paying down debt, and ultimately what's the timeline to get to that leveraged target of 2 to 2.5x.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Let me take the first part of that question, if I may. When we're talking about Year 1, when we think about it this way, it's quick wins. I actually unpacked one earlier around indirect spend. We have a significant addressable spend. Half a billion dollars in addressable spend. That in aggregation with Supervalu delivers a lot of strength in terms of negotiation with goods, services, etc.

You're talking about an impact that has nothing to do with customer-facing transactions. It's something that happens in the background and can be delivered early. It's that type of a synergy that lines up in our Year 1 bucket. Some of the other synergies around optimization around our distribution center network, efficiencies around streamlining technology systems; those obviously have a longer lead time and would generally be looking at Year 2, Year 3, or beyond.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Paul, to your other question about capex spend and leverage, let me make a few comments. First of all, in our UNFI guidance, we talked about spending 1.5% to 1.7% of sales. That's really driven by some capacity expansion projects that we feel very good about with or without the Supervalu acquisition. So, we'll continue with those.

Generally speaking, we will look at investments on a risk-adjusted return basis and go after the best opportunities first. This is part of our integration planning. It's part of the workstreams. It's part of making sure we get to the biggest synergy buckets first. The business has the ability to spin off a lot of free cash flow.

I can speak for the management team here. We are a team that is comfortable at operating at low leverage. We just completed fiscal '18 with leverage of 1.15x. Our long-term target, as you pointed out, is 2.0 to 2.5. As we come out of the gates with Supervalu, we talked about our leverage at 4.7. We're very interested in getting that down. That's the discipline that we'll talk about getting back to an area that we're more comfortable with.

As a result, we will forego near-term M&A opportunities. We will forego share repurchase in order to prioritize paying down the debt to get after our leverage target. We don't offer a dividend. We didn't start that up. This is to get after that leverage. So, we'll work that down and we'll try to get back down into that target leverage range as quick as possible, but it won't come in the first couple of years. It will take us a little longer to get there.

Paul Trussell -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Appreciate the color. Just to circle back to gross margin. I apologize if I missed it. Did you specify or quantify how much of the contraction year-over-year was related to the shift in customer mix versus what was the impact from the inbound freight cost?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, that's a good question, Paul. Think about it this way. Think about for the Q4 impact, two-thirds of it customer mix and a third of it the inbound freight headwind.

Paul Trussell -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you and best of luck.

Operator

Your next question comes from the line of Vincent Sinisi of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Vincent Sinisi -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Great, good evening, guys. Thanks very much for taking my question. I wanted to ask, I know you said obviously in the process of over the next few months seeing about the consolidation of the distribution. But just wondering if you could provide any additional thoughts of is it where two are located closely with one other, you have to make sure you don't close too much, turning to capacity constraints? Or between the two companies, given the mix differences, is there a meaningful difference in the facilities themselves? I guess said another way, whatever you ultimately end up doing, do you think there will be a meaningful amount of capital that will have to be put into the facilities themselves?

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Hi, Vincent. This is Sean. First of all, I really don't want to go any further as it relates to identifying any region or geography around optimization. I don't think that's fair. I don't want to get into that.

As it relates to the distribution centers themselves, and the characteristics, if you will, of the distribution centers, we certainly know that Supervalu's business model is quite different than UNFI and their portfolio is quite different than UNFI. But the actual four walls of the warehouses themselves resemble each other. They're multi-temp. These products, if f we think about a distribution center, and frankly, this is the way we're thinking about it, are mixing centers.

What product itself sits within that distribution center, whether it's a conventional food product or an organic food product, ensuring that the handling protocols are appropriate, it's a mixing center. The utilization of the existing footprint of distribution centers will play to a benefit in terms of our long-term strategy. It will not be a hindrance. We don't expect that there are significant capital expenditures related to any kind of retro-fitting type of necessity, if you will.

Vincent Sinisi -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Okay, all right. That's helpful. Then as a quick follow-up, with the retail banners that are left, of course, as you mentioned, not the main focus, we'll divest them. But maybe just looking back at some of the banners that have already been divested, what's been the success rate or how much of those sales have been retained to still be customers of yours? And is that a focus of the ones that are still to be divested?

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

I think, if I understand your question correctly, how important is maintaining a supply agreement with the potential buyer. That, again is going to be different by banner. In the locations where we desperately need the capacity, we will be more willing to separate the supply agreement from the sale of the asset.

In the locations where we don't necessarily need the capacity, or in locations where it makes sense, then we would be more disciplined around making sure that a supply agreement is attached to the sale. But I would tell you, based upon certainly my initial view, we're going to have a great deal of success here. There's a lot of demand for the services that Supervalu and UNFI provide. We know the markets where we need the capacity, and we're willing to separate the supply agreements. We've done a fair amount of work here. Supervalu continues to do incredible work here.

To a large degree, my hat is off to them for leading the way as we get close to the close. Again, I have a great deal of confidence that we're going to end up in a good place.

Vincent Sinisi -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Fair enough, Steve. Thanks, guys. Good luck.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Rupesh Parikh of Oppenheimer. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Rupesh Parikh -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst

Good evening, and thanks for taking my questions. First, on the supernatural growth that again accelerated this quarter, is there any more color that you can provide on what the contribution is from new categories versus comp growth? Or just anything to help us think about that growth rate?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Again, Rupesh, we talked about lapping some of the new category growth and that's embedded in our guidance for next year. That's probably a pretty good proxy for what the number looks like.

Rupesh Parikh -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst

Okay, great. Then, Mike, on EBITDA margins, there's been a number of questions on gross margin. I'm just curious, the comment was that you expect moderating EBITDA margin declines, I believe, for this upcoming fiscal year. I was just curious if you could help us at a high level understand the different puts and takes that helped to drive that improvement. I'm also wondering whether the accounting change has any impact on next year's margin performance?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Rupesh, let me break it down a little bit for you there. We've talked about customer mix; made comments about how that looks a little bit going forward. We talked about inbound freight, and that headwind actually dissipates, and turns into increased product cost, which actually helps us grow our dollars. So, that turns into a favorable, barring any additional rate increases it does.

On the opex side, we've had some inefficiencies. Steve referenced it with respect to labor at our DCs. We would anticipate improving upon performance versus fiscal '18 in that regard. Then another part of your question was on the change in estimate. Let me just spend a little bit of time on that one. Simply put, the change in estimate that we recorded in Q3 did not have a material impact on our Q4 results. Now, it's important to understand that that $20.9 million impact was contained in fiscal '18 within the fiscal year, and specifically within Q1, Q2, and Q3. And so, the year-to-date gross margin through Q3 captured the impact.

As we look forward, all else being equal, the change in estimate has no ongoing impact to our results. However, as you compare the fiscal '19 results in Q1, Q2, and Q3 to our fiscal '18 results, so the year-over-year impact, you will see an impact. And more specifically, we would expect a small year-over-year tailwind cogs in Q1 of fiscal 19, a larger year-over-year tailwind in Q2 of fiscal '19, and then a larger yet year-over-year headwind in Q3 of fiscal '19.

So, it's really that comparison back the prior year, because the impact of the 20.9 was not spread evenly from Q1 to Q3, but was more heavily weighted toward Q3, when the change in estimate was booked in Q3.

I would also say, if you want additional information, I would refer you to our investor website. On June 19th, we posted a presentation there, and on Slide 19 of that presentation, you'll see more detailed perspective on the impact of the change in estimate.

Rupesh Parikh -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst

Okay, great. Then if I could slip in one more question. The higher cost synergy targets, what buckets -- or I guess if you could give more color in terms of what's driving those higher estimates?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

More visibility. Confirmatory visibility.

Rupesh Parikh -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst

Okay, great. Thank you.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Bill Kirk of RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead; your line is open.

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Hi, thank you for taking the question. I guess this one's for Mike. If I understand it right, the adjusted pro forma EBITDA guidance of $6.65 to $6.75 does not include what would have been a positive combination from Supervalu's retail division. Is that correct?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, there are, as you know, there's a variety of puts and takes with respect to their EBITDA. Just covering them more broadly, as you go from the fiscal '18 adjusted EBITDA from UNFI and Supervalu and you put them together, you've got some tailwinds, in that you have growth in EBITDA from both UNFI and Supervalu. You've got the full-year impact of AG Florida and Unified Grocers and the related synergies, and you've also got the deal synergies that we would also expect in Year 1.

In terms of the headwinds that you have to adjust for, you've got the winding down of the Albertsons TSA agreement; you've got the new expenses to their more recent sale leaseback projects, and some of the stranded retail costs as a result of divestitures; and then there are also the potential for other adjustments depending on how we account for things like post-employment benefits related to pension.

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay. So in $6.55 to $6.75, there's no expectation of profitability at Supervalu retail? There's no EBITDA from Supervalu retail in that number?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Right. That's ex-retail and ex-discontinued operations.

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay, got it. Then does that mean that the adjusted EPS accretion, does that exclude what would've probably been a negative EBIT contribution from Supervalu retail because they were losing money on an EBIT level? Does the accretion exclude that negative impact of Supervalu retail?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

It is excluding retail and discontinued operations. Without getting into the details of the accounting, when the retail banners get moved into discontinued operations, there is an impact on the underlying wholesale business profitability. Then when and if the retail banners are sold, there's another impact to the underlying wholesale business. So, we've tried to account for that. When we say excluding the impact of retail, we're taking the wholesale business as it stands, and making the adjustments that I referenced.

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Thank you. Then one more on the pro forma leverage, the 4.7. In that calculation, does that include Supervalu's multi-employer pension responsibilities that were off balance sheet for them?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, the 4.7 includes everything. Again, I would refer you to Slide 13 of the deck, where we give you the calculation of the 4.7.

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay, thank you.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Marisa Sullivan of Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Marisa Sullivan -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hi, good evening. Thanks for taking my question. I think you expect the acquisition to close at the end of this calendar year, so midway through fiscal '19. How should we think about the accretion or dilution in let's call is Year 0 if your 1 starts in fiscal '20? Is that the right way to think about the Year 1 being fiscal '20?

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Marissa, let me take that. What we said is we expect the deal to close in the fourth quarter of this calendar year. What we provided in terms of guidance was our Year 1 assumptions. So, I think to your point, that splits the fiscal year. So, it really depends, in terms of Year 1 or the fiscal year or the stub year guidance, it really depends on when the deal closes. That's one of the reasons why we're going to come back and talk more about it in January in Orlando, because we expect that the deal will have closed by then. Then we will be able to talk more specifically about the impact in the fiscal year because we will know when the starting point was.

Marisa Sullivan -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Got it. That's helpful. Then if I could switch gears to the question of freight. You're a good way through your fiscal first quarter. Have you guys see inbound freight headwinds consistent with where they were in the fourth quarter? Have they been increasing? Just any kind of further color there would be helpful.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

We've seen the inbound freight headwinds dissipate as we've started out Fiscal '19.

Marisa Sullivan -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you very much.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Ben Bienvenu of Stephens. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens -- Analyst

This is actually Daniel Imbro on for Ben. Thanks for taking our questions. Just to follow up on that last question on freight costs and gross margins, I think you've seen the pressures dissipate. So, is it right to assume that your guidance includes an anticipated dissipation in pressure or what pressure remains at similar levels?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Daniel, let me take that one. Barring any additional increases in freight costs, we would expect that the current freight costs, particularly the ones we had through Q3, where we adjusted our inbound freight rates, and our suppliers have certainly experienced the cost, and we have incurred it as a result. Those get built in to our product cost. We're a company that likes inflation. And we like inflation because our contracts are predominantly cost plus a percentage markup. So, this inbound freight headwind acts a like inflation, which is helpful to us once it gets built in to our cost of goods.

Our issue has been that there's a lag in that getting built in of one to two quarters. That has been a significant headwind for us, but the short answer to your question is we do expect that to dissipate, and actually become favorable to our EBITDA dollar growth in fiscal '19. Again, barring any additional increases beyond where we're at.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for the color. That actually dovetails well into my next question. If we can exclude that impact from fuel, can you maybe give some high-level color on what your inflationary expectations are? We've seen PBI inflation for consumer foods kind of roll over here recently. What are you expecting for the full year with inflation?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

That's a good question. As I mentioned, we've have a couple of years now where we really haven't seen inflation anywhere near our historic levels. We've seen the reports that you've seen in terms of inflation starting to come to some of the suppliers. But as we showed you in our Q4 results, I hasn't translated through to us yet. Our inflation is up a little bit, but certainly not anywhere near historic levels. We don't think that systemically there's a reason why inflation will remain low over the long term, but we also didn't build into expectation in fiscal '19 of inflation going back to historical levels.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

We'd love to have it if it comes.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. For sure.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens -- Analyst

Okay, great. Last one for me, if I could. Just on Supervalu, I appreciate that you're going to share more details around the revenue synergies at the investor day, but it sounds like you guys have mentioned pretty significant revenue opportunities between SKUs and different services that Supervalu offers. High-level, can you help us frame up the size of that opportunity? D you think it's as large as a cost synergy opportunity? Is it de minimis? Somewhere in between? If you can just help us think about that opportunity at a higher level, that'd be great.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

I think it would be really premature for us to get into that. Because we just can't do it until after we close. We're really focused right now on the $175 million of purely cost synergies. There's a point we've been trying to make, and I'm happy that you brought it up. We think there are significant growth opportunities. Until we close, we just really can't get into that. It's just going to have to wait until we meet in January.

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

We're playing the long game on the growth there.

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens -- Analyst

Fair enough, guys. Thanks.

Operator

Your next question from the line of Eric Larson of Buckingham Research. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Eric Larson -- Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst

Good afternoon, everybody. Thanks for taking my question. Mine are actually pretty quick. In the $95 and $110 million of costs that you're going to incur for the next two years, is that all cash costs? Are there any non-cash charges in there? Is that a cash number or will that only partially be cash?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Eric, it's a good question. It's primarily cash. We're talking about higher transaction fees, integration expenses, severance, retention bonuses, these kinds of things.

Eric Larson -- Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst

Okay. So, will Supervalu -- and obviously we don't have all the detail -- will Supervalu be able to generate free cash to cover that or will it eat into legacy UNFI? How would you look at the cash cadence on that?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Once the deal closes and we're a combined company, we're financing it as a combined company, and the debt that we bring on will be over both companies. We believe that there's significant ability to generate free cash flow to cover the expenses that we're anticipating here, in particular as you move forward and realize more and more of the synergies, that certainly benefits the free cash flow as well. As we talked about, in Year 1, we're talking about 25% of our run-rate synergies, and then it goes up from there, which helps us finance some of the investments that we've got.

Eric Larson -- Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst

Okay. Just one final question. This might just be a clarification. It gets back to your leverage ratio. I think it's in your prepared comments, Mike, you said that you have a goal of taking up around two turns of leverage off, I believe after the first two years, I believe. And again, I'm not sure if that was adjusted for synergies. Maybe synergies for Supervalu and maybe not including United Grocers or AG. I'm just not sure. But in your press release, you say that you plan to de-lever to approximately 3.2x by the end of Year 3. The numbers aren't adding to me. I'm just not sure where. Maybe I've got some of the numbers wrong.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Let me clarify that for you. I think it's pretty straightforward, but let me give it to you. Excluding the impact of the outgoing Albertsons TSA agreement, so you know about the TSA agreement. If you calculate our leverage and exclude that, because we know that's going away, that gets you to a higher number. Then you're two full turns down over three years is what we're talking about here and that's how you get there.

Eric Larson -- Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst

Okay. Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Your last question comes from the line of Andrew Wolf of Loop Capital Markets. Please go ahead; your line is open.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Thanks. I just want to comport my understanding on the quarter and the variance in gross margin to what you're saying. My takeaway is that the miss was mainly versus your expectations in the inbound freight, more so than the customer mix side. I just want to make sure I'm understanding that.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Andy, to clarify that, it's the other way. It's two-thirds of the gross margin miss is related to the customer mix, and a third of it is related to the inbound freight headwind. Or in other words --

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

I'm asking about the miss, not the contraction. I know the contraction was more from mix, but from what I'm hearing, the miss versus your guidance was more from inbound freight, but maybe I'm wrong [cross-talk].

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

I'll give you another perspective. If you think the leverage that we had in our consolidated operating expenses, that leverage virtually offset all of the customer mix dilution. So, you're question, then what would be remaining is the impact of the freight, which in this particular example is the driver of the challenges that we had in the fourth quarter.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you for that clarification. I think you said, has it already reversed or is there more to come? I'm trying to get to, are you already running up EBITDA? Because at first your guidance looks like a stretch, then when you explain about the inbound freight and the big impact and the fact that it's going to come back so quick, I'm just trying to get a little more clarity.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

We talked about the fact that a lot of it was timing, and it just took one to two quarters of lag to push it through. What we specifically said, is that we saw some general improvement in our freight so far this year. So, that makes us feel better that we're in a better position today than we were when we finished the fourth quarter.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

I guess the way to ask the guidance question that maybe you can answer is, you're not just looking for a back-end loaded ramp in EBITDA growth, right? It may not be even each quarter, but it's going to be. It's not just two down quarters, and then two huge up quarters. It's going to be smoother than that, right?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, Andy. We would expect the year to be similarly to the seasonality that we've had in the past. So, yeah, we're not expecting a back-end loaded profit.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Great. You've been asked this, but I want to make sure I understand it. It sounds like the guidance expectations for inbound freight and fuel is roughly about flat with where it is now? Pricing? That's what you've baked in?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, we didn't. If the question is were we assuming any increase or decrease in freight, we were not.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

And fuel. Because I think you said that. I just wanted to clarify that.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Mike, you gave a lot of leverage ratios and so on, but it sounds like you're not baking in any credit for proceeds that you're likely to get from retail, right? You're just penalizing yourself for the pro forma lost business, but not bringing down those leverage ratios? Or are you? I didn't see that anywhere.

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

It's not a significant impact on our assumptions, no.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Got it. Just my last question, on the low double-digit EPS accretion Year 1 from the Supervalu transaction. That is essential the synergies, right? I mean, if you're exiting the year at $45 million, and some high proportion of that is realized, is that how to think about it?

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

There are puts and takes there, but certainly that gets you there as well. Pretty close.

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

Got it. Okay. Great. Well, thank you very much.

Operator

I would now like to turn the call back over to the presenters for closing remarks.

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Thanks everyone. We're really excited to lead the way forward as the Supervalu-UNFI combination enhances our position with customers across many of our customer channels. We look forward to sharing more strategic and detailed information with you at our investor day in January.

This is a big, exciting, industry-leading combination and we are proud to be a part of it. We'll bring forth all the necessary resources from our Board to our leadership teams, managers, supervisors, throughout the combined companies to maximize our success. Thank you for joining us this evening, and we look forward to seeing you in January.

Operator

This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.

Duration: 110 minutes

Call participants:

Steven L. Spinner -- Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

Mike Zechmeister -- Chief Financial Officer

Sean F. Griffin -- Head of Integration

Christopher P. Testa -- President

Faten Freiha -- Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Strategy

Edward Kelly -- Wells Fargo Securities -- Analyst

John Heinbockel -- Guggenheim Securities -- Analyst

Karen Short -- Barclays -- Analyst

Michael Otway -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst

Kelly Bania -- BMO Capital Markets -- Analyst

Paul Trussell -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst

Vincent Sinisi -- Morgan Stanley -- Analyst

Rupesh Parikh -- Oppenheimer -- Analyst

William Kirk -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst

Marisa Sullivan -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Daniel Imbro -- Stephens -- Analyst

Eric Larson -- Buckingham Research Group -- Analyst

Andrew Wolf -- Loop Capital Markets -- Analyst

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