Talent or Token? Lawyers Say Diversity Still Used as 'Window Dressing'
ALM Media
Rebecca Smith (from left), Leah Ward Sears, Donald Prophete and Tori Silas.
For more than a decade, big law firms have been publicizing their efforts to increase the proportion of women and lawyers of color in their ranks, from stepped-up recruiting efforts to diversity committees to affinity groups.
Meanwhile, general counsel have issued multiple “calls to action” demanding more diverse lawyers on their pitches and matters—most recently sparked by Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison’s December announcement of an all-white class of newly promoted partners.
Even so, “the increments of change have been really small and really slow,” said Rebecca Smith, executive director of the State Bar of Georgia's Diversity Program.
According to the National Association for Law Placement, minority partners' representation in Big Law nationally has scarcely increased in the last decade, rising from 6 percent in 2009 to 9.1 percent in 2018.
“Why is that? With all the effort and work people are putting into diversity and inclusion, why are we not seeing the gains we would expect?” Smith asked.
“There’s a lot of diversity for diversity’s sake,” said one African-American woman who works in the Atlanta legal community, speaking on condition of anonymity. “Diversity is the word du jour, and firms need to position themselves to appear diverse and inclusive. It’s something any minority attorney can relate to, whether a rainmaker or someone trying to build a book of business.”
But all the talk hasn't meant meaningful increases in actual lawyers of color doing client work, she said.
A recent racial discrimination suit brought by a black woman associate in North Carolina alleging her former firm used her as a "diversity prop" to impress clients, also suggests as many steps backward as forward.
“We’ve made great strides, but it’s been in baby steps,” said Leah Ward Sears, who was the first black woman lawyer at Alston & Bird's predecessor firm, Alston Miller & Gaines, in 1980 and went on to become the youngest-ever Georgia Supreme Court justice.
Back then, Sears said, “it was pretty obvious that you weren’t going to get the same kind of opportunities that were going to young men who looked like the partners."
“It’s better than just tokenism now,” said Sears, now a partner at Smith Gambrell & Russell, and a law firm leader since leaving the bench in 2009. “But we have not come as far as we need to. It’s not a walk in the park for any minority now at any firm."
Overall, minorities make up 13.9 percent of Atlanta lawyers in Big Law, with 7.1 percent female. But only 8 percent of partners are minorities, of whom 2.7 percent are women, according to NALP. Of Atlanta partners, only 1.1 percent are black women, which NALP calls the "most dramatically underrepresented group at the partnership level."
There has been progress. When the Georgia Association of Black Women Lawyers was founded in 1981—with Sears as its first president—its entire membership “could fit in someone’s living room,” said its current president, Liz Broadway Brown, who recently made partner at Alston & Bird.
Now GABWA has more than 600 members statewide, Brown said, but “we still have a long way to go."
Diversity 'Window Dressing?'
Diverse lawyers, like any others, need good work to advance. Sears and other Atlanta lawyers of color said they’ve heard instead of minority lawyers being included in pitches, while going on to receive neither origination credit nor work.
Even so, they were surprised by the egregiousness of the discrimination claims that the North Carolina associate, Sharika Robinson, has made against her former firm, Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson.
Robinson, who’d completed two federal clerkships, said in the suit that the firm appeared committed to advancing diversity, but in reality black and women lawyers “are staffed on cases and matters when clients demand diversity, then are assigned busywork with no meaningful impact.”
The 140-lawyer firm also used Robinson’s photo in marketing materials to show its diversity, even though it only had two black associates, the suit said.
Robinson repeatedly raised objections, but the firm ignored them, according to the suit, and instead retaliated, cutting her off from any substantive work and creating a hostile work environment. Robinson Bradshaw has denied the discrimination claims and in a statement said the firm is "committed to diversity and inclusion."
“If someone raises an issue and they’re stonewalled or it’s not addressed, then you’ve got a bigger issue,” said Brown, the GABWA president. “Firms doing it right are having the difficult conversations.”
Smith at the Georgia Bar said she knew of one African-American lawyer whom a firm hired on contract for a specific engagement because the client RFP required a person of color working on the file. The lawyer "wondered if they were there for window dressing, because they were not getting substantive work,” said Smith, who is also African-American.
While Smith did not know how common window dressing on pitches is, she said the question always comes up at diversity CLEs and panels. “The topic is always there."
Using lawyers of color to add some diversity to pitches definitely happened 10 to 15 years ago, Tori Silas said, when she was a beginning associate, but she's not sure how widespread it is now. Silas, who is African-American, just returned to private practice as a partner at Nelson, Mullins, Riley & Scarborough from Cox Enterprises, where she was senior counsel and its first privacy officer.
“It wasn’t uncommon for minority associates to be included in pitches but to never touch the work,” Silas said, based on what she heard from law school and bar association colleagues. “People weren’t even aware that their information was being included in the pitch.”
Sears said that, in her decade back in private practice, she has not seen black women or other diverse lawyers being used as "props" on pitches, but she’s heard from "general chitchat” that it still happens a lot.
“I don’t allow that to happen in my space—if I see it,” she said. “But there are many firms that don’t have a ‘me’ there to say that.”
Lack of awareness continues to be part of the problem, Sears said. She observed that the composite photo of Paul Weiss' 12 new white partners “jumped off the page," even though the firm's leaders missed it.
“When you get to a certain level, you don’t see everything," she said, noting that this applied to her as well. “I’m not an associate. I’m on the executive committee."
“You don’t want to be in that position where you can’t see but everyone else can,” she added. “The emperor often wears no clothes.”
GC Lip Service?
Not everyone cheered a January “call to action” letter from more than 170 GCs and chief legal officers who vowed to direct their outside counsel spend to firms demonstrating diversity and high-quality representation.
It prompted a vigorous rebuttal from Don Prophete, the only black lawyer on the masthead of an NLJ 250 firm—Atlanta-based Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete. These “call to action” letters are “empty PR ploys” that lead to “diversity fatigue,” said his letter, published in The American Lawyer.
“Realistically it takes GCs to step up to put some power behind the words,” Prophete said in an interview. To him, the problem is basic: GCs aren’t holding their own teams or their law firms accountable—and too few are seeking out top, racially diverse lawyers to handle their most important matters.
For GCs, Prophete asked: “What are the accountability methods that you put in place to ensure that you hire high-end, diverse lawyers? What are you doing to identify them? What are you doing to cultivate these relationships?”
Sears agreed that there is still a lot more rhetoric around diversity than action. As far as in-house lawyers demanding diversity from their outside counsel, she said: “This is what some clients want. Some clients just lip it.”
There's been change, with more women who are GCs and in-house, Sears added, "and nonminorities as well who are doing the right thing.”
“If it were something that all clients demanded all the time, it would be very different. These firms are businesses. They respond to the market," she said.
Nelson Mullins' Silas thinks it’s a dual responsibility. “Firms need to operate at a certain level of transparency, and in-house people need to hold them accountable,” she said.
On a more upbeat note, the Georgia Bar's Smith said she knew of another lawyer of color, recently promoted to partner, who’s been championed by an in-house counsel “who stepped in as an ally to help her rise in the ranks and make sure she was getting good, substantive work.”
The client was “very direct and clear with the firm that the new partner had to do the work,” Smith said.
For lawyers to succeed, whether minorities or otherwise, Smith said, the bottom-line is obvious: “You’ve got to get the work. At the end of the day, it’s about the work.”
