Stock market news live updates: Trifecta of Moderna, Powell and reopenings outweigh coronavirus fallout

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Stocks surged on Monday, with the Dow and the S&P 500 Index posting their best day in over a month, as news of Moderna’s success with a potential coronavirus vaccine converged with more states reopening and the Federal Reserve pledging more support for the recovery to unleash the bulls.

The trifecta that boosted major benchmarks extended Friday’s improbable rally, and came despite a raft of grim data. As states and cities slowly reactivate public life, hopes for a relatively brisk economic revival — and the potential for an effective COVID-19 treatment — have counterbalanced figures that underscore how badly the coronavirus pandemic has roiled the U.S. economy.

The latest came in the form of April retail sales, which plunged at a startling rate of 16.4% — the worst ever monthly read. Still, markets have taken comfort in the extraordinary steps the Federal Reserve has taken to shield the economy from the fallout.

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell said the central bank can still do more to soften the economic blow of the coronavirus pandemic, telling CBS’s 60 Minutes that a recovery is possible in the second half of the year.

“There's a lot more we can do,” Powell said. “We've done what we can as we go. But I will say that we're not out of ammunition by a long shot.”

The brisk rally that’s carried stocks off March’s multi-year lows has made some analysts nervous that investors are being too optimistic, given that there’s neither an approved coronavirus treatment or vaccine on the immediate horizon.

“Though we are highly skeptical about its durability and think it is based on assumptions that may turn out to be mistaken, we don’t view the late March-April rebound in the S&P 500 as illogical,” RBC economists wrote in a research note. “Rather, we think much of the rally has been driven by the idea that the economy is bottoming in 2Q and April in particular.”

Amid rising fears of a potential second wave of infections, Powell said that “assuming there is not a second wave of the coronavirus, I think you will see the economy recover steadily through the second half of this year. For the economy to fully recover people will have to be fully confident and that may have to await the arrival of a vaccine."

The plunge in consumer spending has been amplified by the unprecedented loss of jobs, highlighted by the latest report on initial unemployment claims, which on Thursday showed a greater than expected 2.981 million Americans filed for first-time unemployment benefits last week. This brought the total number of new claims filed since the week ended March 20 to a staggering 36.5 million.