In its latest monthly report, Société Générale's asset allocation team argues the U.S. stock market will be "a t best flat over the coming few quarters, not forgetting risk of short-term correction."

The firm expects the yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note to rise to 3.9% in 2014 (from the current level of 2.75%) as the Fed winds down its quantitative easing program, making stocks less attractive on a relative basis.

DataStream, SG Cross Asset Research/Global Asset Allocation

"With bond yields expected to rise, equities may suffer in a weak economic recovery regime," says SocGen's head of global asset allocation Alain Bokobza. " Rising bond yields during period of economic recovery are not necessarily bad for equities. However, at a time when earnings momentum remains weak and the consensus earnings growth estimate is expected to moderate, rising bond yields could be a catalyst for a U.S. equity market correction."

In the report, the SocGen strategists break down the impact of rising bond yields on the stock market:

Our methodology: For a given level of equity risk premium and 10-year government bond yield, we calculate the implied index level for U.S. equity market. We then compare the calculated index level with the current market level to calculate the implied upside for the equity market. For example, if U.S. 10-year government bond yield were to approach 3.5% and U.S. equity risk premium remained where it is now (4.65%), our model suggests the U.S. equity market could be 22% below its current level (see the table below). In our analysis, we keep all other parameters the same.

Key conclusion – Further S&P 500 progression from current level is unlikely as U.S. government bond yields head higher in 2014. We expect U.S. government bond yields to approach 4% by Dec. 2014. At that level of yield, and with the normalisation of the risk premiums from rather cheap today (4.65%) to their long-term average (3.9%, which is an optimistic assumption), this would leave no room for U.S. equities to continue progressing after already five years of sustained equity index rise (+51% total return since the Lehman crisis).

Potential for a near-term correction in U.S. equities can’t be ruled out. The FED will eventually bring tapering back on the agenda in 2014. After all, does real GDP growth of 2.8% in the last quarter really deserve not only zero rates but also active monetary injection? Our analysis suggests that a U.S. government bond yield between 3% and 3.5% could trigger a correction of between -12% and -22% on the current ERP.