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With that, I'm pleased to turn the call over to Jason.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Thank you, Blake, and good morning, everyone. I'm thrilled to discuss our exceptional fourth-quarter and full-year results, our outlook for 2025, and the many exciting things happening at the Royal Caribbean Group. 2024 was an incredible year for us and the fourth quarter was no exception. We delivered a record 8.6 million memorable vacations at very high customer satisfaction scores, achieved an 11.6% net yield growth, generated more than $5 billion of operating cash flow, and return the balance sheet to investment-grade metrics.

We achieved our Trifecta financial goals 18 months ahead of schedule and at the same time, we expanded capital allocation, all while continuing to invest in the business to support our growth ambitions. We also met our double-digit carbon intensity reduction target a full year ahead of schedule. These strong financial results set the foundation for a very bright future which is truly just beginning for us. With our industry-leading global brands, the most innovative fleet and private destinations, and the best people, we remain focused on winning a greater share of the $2 trillion vacation market.

Our plan to capitalize on this opportunity continues to be grounded in our proven formula for success, moderate capacity growth, moderate yield growth, and strong cost control. I want to thank the entire Royal Caribbean Group team for their passion, dedication, and commitment that enables us to deliver the best vacation experiences responsibly and to drive exceptional financial results. Before getting into the details, I would like to take a moment to discuss an exciting new chapter in our mission to deliver the best vacation experiences. Celebrity River Cruises, which we announced this morning, will unlock exciting new opportunities for our guests, our business and our shareholders.

Beginning in 2027, Celebrity River Cruises will provide yet another opportunity for guests to explore even more destinations with our leading brands. We placed an initial order for 10 transformative ships, which will serve as the foundation for this new Edge-class-inspired product. Our ambitions, however, go far beyond that. We see river cruising as an exciting growth opportunity that aligns with our strategy of turning the vacation of a lifetime into a lifetime of vacations, expanding our ecosystem of vacation offerings, and broadening our reach into adjacent lines of businesses.

River cruising is a sizable and attractive market that has experienced double-digit growth over the last decade driven by increasing demand from both seasoned cruisers as well as new customers. It is a very fragmented market that presents an exciting opportunity for us to win substantial market share. It delivers attractive APDs that we can capture while deepening customer loyalty within our family of brands. River cruising is a complementary high margin, high ROIC business that fits nicely within our portfolio.

The smaller scale of river ships and shorter build timelines allow us for faster deployment and return profiles. Celebrity River Cruises is a natural extension of Celebrity's premium ocean offering and appeals to a similar demographic of discerning travelers who value immersive, destination-focused experiences. River Cruises spend a disproportionate amount of their time and money on travel, including more spend on all types of cruises. We have a remarkable opportunity.

Approximately half of our guests have either already experienced or intend to take a river cruise vacation and a majority of guests who would add an additional vacation to take a river cruise. Furthermore, Celebrity's existing reputation for exceptional hospitality and unparalleled experiences will attract new demand from travelers who are curious about river cruising but who haven't yet taken that leap. Just as we've set the standard of excellence in ocean cruising, we will continue to innovate and elevate in the river space. The quality and sophistication of our Edge-class ocean ships will bring cutting-edge design, sustainable technologies, and reimagined onboard and shore experiences that raises the bar for river cruising.

This is an exciting time for the Celebrity brand as this new -- news follows our recent agreement to order a sixth Edge-class ship set to be delivered to Celebrity Cruises in 2028. Edge 6 also known as Xcel 2 will be the sister ship to Celebrity Xcel which is gearing up for its inaugural sailing later this year. So now let's talk about 2024 results and 2025 outlook. I am proud of what we have accomplished in 2024.

We delivered double-digit yield growth and generated $0.5 billion more in revenue than we originally expected. Our strong performance was propelled by the flawless execution of our incredible team, which drove elevated demand across our brands. We also continued our focus on driving durable margin expansion resulting in 74% year-over-year adjusted EPS growth. We continue to invest in our future while strengthening the balance sheet, achieving our target of investment grade metrics, and reaching mid-teen ROIC.

The year ended on a great note with revenue yield up 7.3% in the fourth quarter, earnings that were $0.20 better than our guidance and a strong book position for 2025 from both a pricing and volume standpoint. 2024 was another year of remarkable innovation as we ushered in a new era of vacations with the launch of Icon of the Seas, Utopia of the Seas, and Silver Ray. While announcing and advancing several key private destinations that will further differentiate our leading portfolio of brands including Perfect Day Mexico, Royal Beach Clubs in Paradise Island, and Cozumel. We received exceptionally high guest satisfaction scores and attracted a record number of both new and loyal guests.

We continue to invest in our commercial and vacation experiences flywheel. In 2024, we expanded our capabilities across distribution channels to create a digital experience that connects the dots across all aspects of the consumer journey. Guests have been seamlessly planning and booking their dream vacations, reducing the amount of time to book a cruise by half. We launched over 300 new digital capabilities across channels in 2024, improving the overall experience and reducing friction points while increasing spend.

We also infused AI into the guest journey to provide a better, more efficient experience, and more personalized service. For example, our new in-app chat saw a 35% increase in guest adoption that led to a 20% reduction in the customer service line on board. With nine out of 10 guests indicating their intents are repeat, our new Loyalty Status Match program allows our guests to earn loyalty status across all three brands, fostering long-term relationships and rewarding loyal customers across our portfolio. Turning to this year, momentum continues in 2025, with bookings accelerating since the last earnings call, resulting in the best five booking weeks in the company's history.

Bookings have continued to outpace last year across all key products. Our book position is in line with prior years at higher APDs, allowing us to further optimize pricing and yield growth as we continue to build the book of business for 2025. As our bookings for 2025 have ramped up since the last earnings call, our APD premium to last year has widened, underlining our continued focus on optimizing yield growth. Our commercial apparatus is firing on all cylinders and all channels are delivering quality demand above 2024 levels.

Our direct-to-consumer channels are performing extremely well. We added hundreds of new capabilities across our digital platforms last year as consumers' preference for digital engagement continues to grow. Our travel partners are also delivering meaningfully more bookings than last year at higher rates. We continue to see particularly healthy demand from North America where about 80% of our guests will be sourced this year.

Our brand's global appeal and nimble sourcing model allows us to attract the highest-yielding guests by positioning our ships in multiple markets around the world. Our brands lead in their respective segments and are very successful at capturing quality demand across sectors and sourcing from new consumer bases. As we think about consumer demand for 2025 and beyond, we look to both macro trends and data points from millions of daily interactions with our customers. We continue to see very positive sentiment from our customers bolstered by strong labor markets, high wages, surplus savings, and elevated wealth levels, at the same time; they continue to prioritize travel experiences.

American households are wealthier than ever with continued wage growth and low unemployment driving strong consumer spending. We see positive sentiment from our customers in a macro environment that favors experiences over things as leisure and travel spend continue to grow. Consumers plan to spend more on vacations and take more trips in the coming year and our guests over index in their intent to spend more on leisure travel. Consumers place significant value on visiting multiple destinations and this is even more important to Millennial and Gen Z consumers; something that cruising is uniquely positioned to deliver on.

Cruise consideration is high with the biggest gains among Millennials and younger travelers. Cruise remains an attractive value proposition and also leads in guest satisfaction compared to other vacation alternatives. We are very well-positioned to benefit from these trends with our exceptional and leading portfolio of brands, innovated and differentiated ships, exciting and exclusive destination experiences, and leading commercial and AI-driven capabilities. 2025 is shaping up to be another great year with 23% expected earnings growth and accelerated path toward robust cash flow generation.

In 2025, we expect to grow capacity by 5% through the introduction of Star of the Seas and Celebrity Xcel as well as the full-year benefit of Utopia of the Seas and Silver Ray. New ships not only elevate our vacation experience and draw new customers to our brand, but also provide yield tailwinds and enhance overall profitability. We expect yields to grow 2.5% to 4.5% driven by the performance of our entire fleet, new and existing ships combined with our leading private destinations and strengthening commercial apparatus, strong rates, and load factors together with continued focus on margins and strategic capital allocation are expected to drive adjusted earnings per share of $14.35 to $14.65, which includes $0.65 of FX in the fuel rate headwinds compared to our last earnings call. Our proven formula for success is working.

Moderate capacity growth, moderate yield growth, and strong cost control leads to enhanced margins, profitability, and superior financial performance. For decades the Royal Caribbean Group has been redefining what a vacation experience can be. It's clear that our success has been built on a foundation of differentiation, setting ourselves apart through innovation and excellence. We have led the way in delivering best-in-class ships that redefine possible.

As we look ahead, we continue to redefine vacations through the ambition expansion of our private destination portfolio, the exciting entry into new lines of businesses like Celebrity River Cruises and the development of industry-leading digital and AI capabilities. We relentlessly pursue an acute understanding of how today's families, couples, and individuals want to spend their valuable vacation time so that we can continue to develop an expanding ecosystem of vacation experiences that wildly exceed their expectations. Our goal is to create seamless personalized journeys across a portfolio of experiences from ship to Private Island to river cruises and beyond that inspire loyalty, deepen relationships and position us as a preferred choice for every kind of vacation. This is not just a strategy, it's a promise to redefine what travel means for our guests.

It's about meeting them where they are, dreaming alongside them and turning the vacation of a lifetime into a lifetime of vacations. With this vision, we are poised to lead not just the cruise industry but the broader world of travel into an exciting new era. Through it all, we remain committed to our See the Future vision, sustaining the planet, energizing communities, and accelerating innovation. 2024 was an exceptional year for our company, marked by many milestones that set the stage for an even brighter future.

We are continuously elevating what it means to deliver the best vacation experiences, awe inspiring ships, an unparalleled private destination portfolio and globally trusted brands all propelled by the best people. Royal Caribbean Group is redefining what people have come to expect from a vacation. As we embark on 2025, we remain focused on winning an even greater share of the broader vacation market and we are just getting started. And with that, I will turn it over to Naftali.

Naf?

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Jason, and good morning, everyone. I will start with reviewing fourth-quarter results. Our teams delivered another exceptional quarter that exceeded our expectations resulting in adjusted earnings per share of $1.63. The outperformance compared to our guidance is driven by better revenue across our brands and products and strong cost performance despite a headwind from stock compensation due to increase in our share price.

We finished the fourth quarter with net yield growth of 7.3%, 200 basis points higher than the mid-point of our guidance that was driven by stronger than expected APDs from both new ships and like-for-like hardware. We also saw both better pricing on ticket as well as better than expected onboard spend. Net Cruise Costs excluding fuel increased 13.5% in constant currency. The increase in costs compared to guidance is entirely driven by a 300 basis points impact from higher stock-based compensation due to the rise in the stock price.

Adjusted EBITDA was $1.1 billion, 10% year-over-year growth, and operating cash flow was $1.5 billion. Now switching to our 2025 outlook. I will start by taking you through capacity and deployment for the year. With the introduction of Star, Xcel, and a full year of Utopia and Silver Ray, capacity is expected to increase 5.4% year over year.

We have fewer dry dock days this year compared to 2024, contributing about 1 percentage point to capacity growth. This year, we also have some of our biggest ships planned for dry dock and we also have restarted our modernization program that has more days for each dry dock. As a result, we have less dry dock days than 2024, but more days than 2023. In terms of quarterly cadence, the first quarter has more dry docks than last year, negatively impacting capacity growth by 300 basis points.

The second and the third quarter are relatively flat to last year, while the fourth quarter will have fewer dry dock days compared to last year, benefiting capacity growth by 500 basis points. As a result, APCDs are expected to grow around 3% in the first and third quarters, 6% in the second quarter and 10% in the fourth quarter. New hardware in 2025 represents 4% of total capacity growth, compared to 8% in 2024. As Jason mentioned, the year is off to a very strong start.

Last quarter, we said the demand for 2025 is strong with book load factors in line with prior years and at higher rates, allowing for further pricing and yield growth as 2025 bookings continue to ramp up and that's exactly what is happening. Since the last earnings call, we've continued to build load factors while also expanding our booked APD versus the same time last year. The Caribbean represents 57% of our deployment this year and capacity in the region is up 6% over last year, with the introduction of Star of the Seas and Celebrity Xcel in the second half of the year. We continue to differentiate in the Caribbean market with our incredible ships and private destinations driving very strong performance.

Over 70% of guests on these itineraries sailing with the Royal Caribbean brand will visit a private destination this year and that percentage will increase to 90% in 2027, with the opening of the beach clubs at Paradise Island, Nassau, and Cozumel and Perfect Day Mexico. Caribbean bookings have been strong with Icon and Utopia continuing to perform well above expectations on top of strong performance of existing hardware. Europe will account for 15% of capacity and is up 5% versus last year. European sailings continue to perform very well on both rate and volume basis.

Alaska is expected to account for 6% of total capacity. We have some of the best hardware in the region including Celebrity Edge, two Quantum Class ships, and Silver Nova among others. Alaska demand has been very strong and continues to surpass our expectations. Now let me talk about our guidance for 2025.

Our proven formula for success, moderate capacity growth, moderate yield growth, and strong cost discipline is expected to drive 23% earnings growth and higher cash flow generation this year. We expect yield growth of 2.5% to 4.5% balanced between new and existing hardware. Our 2025 yield growth outlook is on top of 11.6% growth in 2024 that was boosted by fourth-quarter outperformance and put 40 basis point headwind on this year's growth metric. Full-year net Cruise Costs excluding fuel are expected to be flat to up 1%, as our focus remains to enhance margin as we continue to grow the business.

The cadence of our cost growth varies throughout the year with second and third-quarter costs expected to be higher than the first and fourth quarter driven by timing of dry docks ramp up of costs related to our acquisition of the Costa Maya port and other destinations. We anticipate a fuel expense of $1.17 billion for the year and we are 60% hedged at below-market rates. Based on current fuel prices, currency exchange rates and interest expense, we expect adjusted earnings per share between $14.35 and $14.65. I would also note that this range includes $0.65 headwind from foreign exchange and fuel rates since the last earnings call when we shared our preliminary expectations for the year.

We also expect 13% growth in adjusted EBITDA and 150 basis points growth in gross EBITDA margin. This positions us to accelerate our cash flow generation, which allows us to continue investing in game-changing strategic initiatives, maintaining investment-grade balance sheet metrics, and expanding capital return to shareholders. We expect to invest $5 billion of capital into our key strategic growth initiatives as well as ensuring our assets are well maintained. We are set to deliver Star of the Seas in the third quarter and Celebrity Xcel in the fourth quarter with both ships having committed financing in place.

Non-ship capital is expected to be $1.6 billion with a significant portion related to our private destination portfolio including the acquisition of the Costa Maya port that we announced last year, the Beach Club in Cozumel, and the Beach Club in Nassau that is expected to open in the fourth quarter of this year. Now, I will discuss our first-quarter guidance. In the first quarter, capacity will be up 3% year over year. More than 70% of our capacity will be in the Caribbean, 19% in Asia-Pacific, and the remaining capacity spread across several other itineraries.

Net yields are expected to be up 4.75% to 5.25% with growth coming from both new and existing hardware across all products. First quarter yield growth disproportionately benefits from both the timing of dry docks and new hardware, a full quarter of Icon in addition to Utopia and Silver Ray. Net Cruise Costs excluding fuel are expected to be up in the range of 1.6% to 2.1% and include 130 basis points impact from increased dry docks compared to the first quarter of 2024. Taking all this into account, we expect adjusted earnings per share for the quarter to be $2.43 to $2.53.

Turning to our balance sheet. We ended the quarter with $4.1 billion in liquidity. Our balance sheet is in a very strong position to support our growth ambitions while expanding capital allocation. At year-end 2024, our balance sheet was unsecured and leverage was at low three times consistent with our goal of investment-grade credit metrics.

With a strong expected cash flow generation and increase in EBITDA, we expect to finish 2025 with leverage at mid to high two turns. We will continue to manage maturities and find opportunities to reduce cost of capital. In closing, we remain committed and focused on our mission to deliver the best vacation experiences responsibly as we work to deliver another year of solid results. With that, I will ask our operator to open the call for a question-and-answer session.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] We'll take our first question from the line of Brandt Montour with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Brandt Montour -- Analyst

Good morning, everybody. Thanks for taking my question and congratulations on the strong 2024 results. The first question is about yields and your guidance. Just looking at the 3.5% mid-point of the yield guide and I guess Naf, you kind of want us to think about 40 basis points of tough comps from the fourth quarter upside, but just sort of level setting that versus the high-single-digit per diem's that you reported in 2024, kind of help us think about, we're trying to bridge that gap.

And just maybe if you could help us think about the puts and takes this year versus last year, what you had last year, the tailwind on the new hardware side, what you have this year and how it sort of compares?

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. Well, Brandt, thank you. Thanks for the question and we hope all is well. I think to the first point, the strong demand we saw in the fourth quarter did kind of elevate the base comparable for us.

And so we would be guiding north of or four or maybe slightly north. But we saw that rise happen in that close in demand, which is really great. We're also coming off of some very incredible comps, right? So 2023 we had a 13.5% yield improvement. Last year, we had 11.6% improvement.

So it is a little bit more of a difficult comp. And of course, we also recovered our load factors a long time ago. And so that, that potential lift up from the load factors is not something that's an opportunity for us. But it is early in Wave and we've seen obviously incredible booking activity during Wave.

Last week was our highest booking week ever for Wave And so we are very encouraged in what we're seeing. And I think the other thing that we're very encouraged on is that we're not only seeing improvement on new hardware but also on like-for-like. And of course, we have some very incredible comps on Icon when we launched her as well as Utopia as well. So our guide of the 2.5% to 4.5% is based on where we're booked today and the trends that we're seeing as always.

And I think we feel confident in the yield guide and we're also very encouraged to be able to give a mid-point on our guidance of $14.50 considering all the headwind from FX and fuel, that, that arose since the last call.

Brandt Montour -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for that, Jason. And I should also say congratulations on the exciting announcement on entering the river market. My second question is about the river market.

Obviously you guys have done a lot of research on the existing market and where you think your place can be in that market. And so we all know there's a prominent competitor out there that qualifies as themselves as luxury. The per diems that they charge are luxury rates. Your Celebrity brand in ocean charges rates significantly below that commensurate with the broader premium ocean market.

So I guess, the question is, do you foresee the Celebrity brand sort of sliding in the river market below that luxury per diem, general area? Because it sounds like again, you use the word elevate, use the word cutting edge. It doesn't sound like you expect the product to sort of be second rate. So maybe you could provide a little more color around that.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Well, first, obviously, there's great competitors in that river space like the one you don't want to say, but I'll say Viking. I mean, Tor does an exceptional job in that space. It's also a very fragmented market as well.

And also I think it's important when you're comparing what Celebrity gets today versus what you might see what Viking gets today as an example, it's important to note that on the Celebrity side, it's not an all-inclusive product. So as you start adding in some of the inclusivity that comes with river, we expect those APDs to also elevate. The other thing when I talk about the elevating of the brand, at least in our point of view is there's a real incredible -- there's an incredible opportunity to take this beautiful small ships and through design, improving in culinary and entertainment staterooms, etc., and really bring it up to the level of what you see on Edge, which to us is far superior to anything else that's in that space that we're going to draw really high-quality demand. At the end of the day for us, we have well over 8 million guests a year.

We have a database of 35 million people who are continually vacationing with us. And so it's a great opportunity for us to use that flywheel to generate high-quality demand. And of course, with our loyalty program being able to make sure that people are being incentivized to stay within our ecosystem. And that's really what this is about is we're trying to meet our customers where they want to be on an experience standpoint.

There is high trust in our brands that we're going to deliver the vacation experience that lives up to the marketing that's out there. And I think that's why we think this is a great space for us to go into. And as I've said before in the past, we really focus on ourselves as being an experienced company. We're here to deliver those experiences.

And we think the cruising platform is obviously where we really excel and we think that there is great opportunity for us to do this as well in the riverside.

Brandt Montour -- Analyst

Excellent. Congrats again on the quarter.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Brandt.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of James Hardiman with Citi. Please go ahead.

James Hardiman -- Analyst

Hey. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I actually want to stay on that same page with the River Cruise announcement.

Just trying to get a feel for the offering and how it's going to be similar versus different to the Viking offering. But I guess, first, let's just start so 10 ships, you're going to start in 2027. I'm assuming all 10 ships won't be up and running by 2027. What's the shape of that ramp? And then, as I just think about sort of what the offering is going to look like? Are kids going to be allowed on the ships? Is it primarily U.S.

customers going to Europe? I'm assuming that there's going to be a big nightlife component, given that sort of Celebrity's brand just trying to put some meat on these bugs.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. OK. Well, also -- there's also going to be a lot to come, which I think is going to be great. On the riverside, our plan is to deliver a couple of ships in 2027, and then it's about four a year.

I'd also point out because we are very intentful in our words. The word put in front of it was initial order was 10 ships. And so this is not a hobby for us. So we are going into this space.

So I just wanted to point that out. And of course, 2027, when these ships come in is going to be an incredibly exciting year, anyways for the company because we're going to have Icon 4, we're going to have a couple of river ships, we're going to have Perfect Day Mexico launching in 2027. We're going to have the Beach Club in Cozumel will have a full year because that's going to launch in 2026. And so there's a lot of great things that we're looking forward to in 2027.

One of the things that I would say, I think it's one of the things that differentiates us is that we -- for decades we have built out a set of brands that are globally sourced and we source those guests from all over the world. And our yield management tools, which get more and more sophisticated each and every day, allow us to source the highest-yielding guests in the world. And so that so our sourcing can range from, obviously today we're about 80% coming from the U.S. but we have times when we're 60% coming from the U.S.

and so we have inflow based on those markets. And so we would expect our sourcing would generally be similar to what we're seeing on the ocean side of things. And so -- but I think it's important to remember these ships are not Icon of the Seas side, right? They hold about 180 passengers. And so our ability to sell and market and attract high-quality demand from our Royal brand, our Celebrity brand, as well as our Silver Sea brand is going to be an incredible tidal wave for us to be able to manage demand for this product.

On the experience side, it will be similar to what you see on Celebrity. And so there are -- from time to time, there are kids that, that can be on Celebrity. But we think that there's a real opportunity to, as I said, elevate the aesthetics and the details and design of the ship, have more activities, whether that is on the culinary side or whether that is on the beverage side of things, whether that is with entertainment, whether that's with the staterooms and how you can connect further from the ship to shore. And so you're able to kind of get an end-to-end intense experience with land as well as what can happen on the ship.

So we're really excited about it. We'll be talking more and more about it, about the design like we always do, we like to tease and then build up on what it's going to be. And I could tell you in the four hours since we've announced this, just watching the number of the amount of interest from our travel partners, from our guests to get on one of our riverboats as soon as possible is exceptional. And that comes down to, I think, which is what's most important is trust and our guests do trust us that we're going to deliver on this.

James Hardiman -- Analyst

That's great color and love the tease. I guess, secondly, just on the capex front, I think you guided 2025 to $5 billion pretty big step up. I'm assuming we'll need to wait on the free cash flow front until the Analyst Day to get a more sort of unified outlook. But maybe is there any way to think about sort of capex requirements moving forward? I think we're looking at $3.4 billion new build, $1.6 billion non-new build.

How should we model those going forward? I'm assuming that the new build piece goes up with capacity, but then non-new build, there's a lot of non-new build opportunities for you guys for sure. So how do we think about that $5 billion number and how it moves into 2026/2027?

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

Hi. It's Naf. So I think if you kind of think about what we have this year and kind of what we laid out in terms of our priorities, so you think about the ships that we have to deliver this year, both Star of the Seas and Celebrity Xcel, compared to what we had last year. And remember, Icon last year did not actually deliver in 2024, it actually delivered in 2023.

So that capital was counted in 2023. So you have the ship layout in terms of our deliveries, what we're expecting, and you should expect that to follow that. And I remind you that we do have committed financing for those when we order the ships. And so the $5 billion that I noted and it's in the release obviously is on a gross basis and we have the committed financing related to the deliveries as well as installment payment.

In terms of non-ship capital, we have maintenance capital and kind of the things that we do that should not change materially year over year. But we did lay out our priorities in terms of private destinations and as we ramp up our private destination effort and you see what we've announced, those are following kind of that cadence. And this year, we have particularly Costa Maya where we announced last year the acquisition of the port. That acquisition actually will close between end of first quarter to second quarter.

And then we obviously acquiring land and then we'll start the construction at some point. And then this year, we also expected to deliver the Beach Club in Nassau at the end of the year, so obviously, development capital there as well. So majority of that capital is going to be there. We're also restarting our modernization program.

So we have one ship this year and then we'll share more details going forward around our program, but we do see an opportunity around that. All of that said, if you think about the size of the company and where we are, we delivered $6 billion of EBITDA last year. You kind of look at our guidance this year, we're going to deliver 13% more of EBITDA. And we made a significant progress around our balance sheet, reducing our interest expense; you see it below $1 billion.

You put that into account, you see that we're generating significant amount of cash flow. And our focus is to continue to expand margin as we grow the business that will accelerate cash flow and allow us to invest in our key priorities, maintain an investment grade balance sheet metric and also do capital returns. And so the size of the company and the generation of the cash flow really we feel is allowing us to achieve all those things.

James Hardiman -- Analyst

Makes a lot of sense. Thanks, Naf. Thanks, Jason.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Steve Wieczynski with Stifel. Please go ahead.

Steven Wieczynski -- Analyst

Hey, guys. Good morning. So going back to the guidance for this year, I'm not going to sit here and harp on the fact that the yield guidance does look a little bit conservative to us. But if we think about the EPS guide, let's go over there, that's actually much better than I think we were expecting given the FX and the fuel headwinds.

So just wondering if you guys embedded anything in there in terms of buybacks or debt refis or that excludes those potential accretions? And I guess, saying that another way is, Jason, you talked about 14 handle comment, and probably to us that could have easily been a 15 handle without these headwinds right now. Is that kind of a fair statement?

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Obviously, if you add the $0.65 to the $14.50 that would get you north of $15, I think what may have been a surprise was where our cost guide came out for the year. Our teams have worked exceptionally hard at continuing to leverage scale within our business. And so similar to the past, we do not contemplate capital returns in that guide.

So if we were to repurchase shares in which we our strategy has been to do that opportunistically, that would obviously be a tailwind on the earnings per share side.

Steven Wieczynski -- Analyst

OK. Gotcha. Yes, go ahead.

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

And then I just want -- we always say that, right, our formula is moderate capacity growth, moderate yield growth, strong cost control and you can see that those deliver significant performance. And so whatever is in the normal debt pay downs that's already in, our capital investments are already in and then any the dividends of course that we've announced that's already in, but any other things are not included.

Steven Wieczynski -- Analyst

OK. Gotcha. And then, Jason, going back to river real quickly, I mean obviously river is a much different animal versus ocean and one of those key differences is the fact that the operators in river need berthing rights to get access to certain ports. So just wondering if Celebrity has already secured those berthing rights or is in the process of getting some of those berthing rights? And then maybe is there an opportunity down the road to enter river as well with Silversea to kind of capture a little bit more of that higher-end customer?

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Well, I think first, Steve, just to use your metaphor of an animal, it is a different animal, but it's still an animal. And so we -- I think we're -- we've grown to get comfort with the space, understanding how it works, different people to partner with in this space. Of course, we didn't just make this announcement without having the orders in place.

We did not make this announcement without having the berthing in place. And I also think that sometimes we always think about certain rivers inside of Europe, but there are also rivers around the world. And we're trying to make sure that we are being able to provide the experiences that our guests are looking for. As we build up this kind of engine for river under Celebrity, it will certainly provide opportunity for our ultra-luxury guests to consider a river experience under Silversea.

We're going to start off with Celebrity. We're going to see that's where we think that there is great scale opportunity. And then of course, we'll be looking to see if there's other ways to expand it for our other brands as it sees fit. But we have gone into this very prepared, very buttoned up.

And again, as I said a few minutes ago, this is not a hobby for us. So we do plan to we are taking this extremely seriously and it's -- we want to make sure we can live up to delivering the best vacation experiences in the world and making sure we're doing that in a responsible way and that's all heavily in the consideration of what we're doing.

Steven Wieczynski -- Analyst

OK. Gotcha. Thanks, guys. Appreciate it.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Matthew Boss with J.P. Morgan. Please go ahead.

Matthew Boss -- Analyst

Thanks and congrats on another great quarter.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Matt.

Matthew Boss -- Analyst

So, Jason, maybe two-part question. On the strong start to 2025, any specific areas that you're seeing notable acceleration globally? And how are you optimizing the pricing relative to capacity? And then, maybe just higher level, I guess what inning overall would you say we're in today on your market share opportunity in the $2 trillion global vacation market?

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

OK, sure. Well, thanks, Matt. I think on the 2025 side, again, one of the -- I think the interesting trends we've now seen going into kind of three-year -- our third year here of coming out of the incident is that we see really strong demand across all of our products. And obviously having incredible assets like Perfect Day and ships like Utopia and Icon, the Caribbean are just drawing a different level of quality demand from all different generations and all different mixes of first time cruisers, first to brand as well as our loyalists.

And so really strong demand in the Caribbean, continued elevation in Alaska and really across all European products, as well as in Southeast Asia and Australia, New Zealand and even in China. So we're seeing an elevation or high demand across all those different products. And then in terms of markets, we're again; everyone's fighting over the highest -- where could the highest yielding guests come from? By fighting, I mean, our guests are fighting for based on our ships. We're seeing really good demand trends from Europe, as well as obviously the U.S.

is exceptionally strong and North America is exceptionally strong. So there's not -- there's no area of kind of weakness. There's always a deployment here or there that we would maybe switch up, but that's heavy, heavy on the margin. Overall, we're seeing really strong demand across that.

And then of course, all the different technology that we're now utilizing is just getting stronger and stronger on what I would describe as disruptive tech, whether that is using AI or GenAI and other things to enhance the guest experience or to just get a better read on what we can be recommending to our guests, whether it's on pricing or whether it's on the guest experience. That's in the really kind of early innings of all of this. And I think that's why I think we continue to see just kind of outperformance in these different trends. It's tough to tell what inning we're in, but I would say that we are generally in the early innings of the opportunity that's in front of us.

Matthew Boss -- Analyst

It's great to hear. Congrats again.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Thanks, Matt.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Robin Farley with UBS. Please go ahead.

Robin M. Farley -- Analyst

Thank you very much. I wanted to circle back to your River Cruise launch. Can we get a sense of you've mentioned obviously your ambitions are much more than these initial 10 river ships in terms of how quickly you could order more. Is it fair to say given the length of time and lead time is not as long as you would need for an ocean ship, you can actually wait till you launch in 2027, to see what's working, what's not working before you order ships for sort of 2030 and beyond.

Is that kind of what we should think about as the timeframe for additional orders? And then, second part of the question, can you give us just a rough sense of how the build per berth cost compares to maybe some of the ocean ships you've had delivered in the last year? Is it pretty comparable or less or more than that? And then squeeze in like a part three of it is just similarly on the yield, you mentioned obviously it's going to be more inclusive product, but if we think about your yield, which of course includes onboard. And I assume a premium to your existing yield given that the majority of your fleet right now is the Royal brand and this will be Celebrity and maybe even Celebrity Plus pricing and all of that, kind of a sense of what premium to your existing yield? Thank you.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. Good morning, Robin. So on the timeframe side, what I would say is, no, you're not going to wait till 2027 to order more. This is our initial order.

These each yard probably can produce about four of these a year. We're not going to get into when a cost per ship, obviously the cost per berth is going to be elevated. However, these are I mean relative to a cruise ship; they are a very small amount of money. And so our ability to scale into this, we could probably be the second largest operator and it would be significantly less money than the Xcel 2 ship that we just bought.

So it's not something that has a high barrier of entry on a cost. But there is a high barrier in terms of the execution and making sure we can do this in a flawless way. As it relates to on the yield side, we would expect that this would be a yield tailwind to our business. We do expect that it's going to have at scale a similar, if not better margin profile and better ROIC profile.

And then lastly, I would say it's only that will be a little bit different is usually the river boats do not operate year-round. So there will be parts of the year where the ships are laid up. That's under the kind of the current model. So we'll see just as we found a way to lift the shoulder seasons back in the day, we will obviously be studying that to see how we can make them as productive as we can during the off-season when it's cold.

Robin M. Farley -- Analyst

Great. Thank you very much.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Robin.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Conor Cunningham with Melius Research. Please go ahead.

Conor Cunningham -- Analyst

Hi, everyone. Thank you. I'm just trying to understand the cost guide a little bit better. Obviously, a lot better for the full year, but can you just give a little a bit of the shape of how the year progresses? Does it just follow capacity? And then what is not in it? You had a big headwind from stock-based comp.

Like I assume that's not in it this year. Just any thoughts around that? Thank you.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Hi, Conor. So yes, you're right. The cadence of the year really follows mainly the dry dock cadence, right? And I spent some time in my prepared remarks walking through the capacity growth quarter over quarter because that does impact the cost cadence as well.

Then remember, we also buy in Costa Maya; it's going to be an operating port this year. It's going to close, as I said, toward the end of the first quarter, second quarter. And so we don't have that cost because we do need to operate. It doesn't have APCDs.

And then as we ramp up some of our private destinations, mainly the Paradise Island in Nassau, obviously there are some costs kind of toward the end of the year. And so those are mainly the real impact of the cost cadence throughout the year. And obviously, we will give guidance as kind of the year progresses for the next quarter. But as I said, the second and third quarter are going to be higher and then the fourth quarter is going to be benefiting from significant capacity growth.

Conor Cunningham -- Analyst

Helpful. And then sorry to talk about river again. Maybe it's just a higher-level question. I think that Viking -- Viking obviously it goes after the-- an older demographic.

I think Celebrity is younger. So if you could just talk about the demographic that you're looking at, because it just seems like when you talk about fragmented, it seems like there's an opportunity with a younger cohort rather than an older one. Just sorry to break the labor of the point, but just any thoughts there. Thank you.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. I'm not sure if I would have expected so many questions on something that is just beginning and it will always be a small part of our broader business, but it's a big part of expand making sure that we match our customers where they want on a vacation experience standpoint. The average age of a Celebrity guest is in their early to mid-50s, but obviously they have older clientele, they have younger clientele. I think the first off, I think the key thing is, again going back to the $2 trillion market space, whether it's cruise or whether it's cruise in the river, I mean, we're a fraction of a fraction of that overall market, which to me is just incredible opportunity for us all to grab more and more share of all of this.

And I think the other part is that, I think we feel very confident that this isn't about chasing Viking customers or another customer. This is about leveraging this incredible sort of business that we have, this incredible flywheel, this incredible leading brands in each one of their segments and making sure that we keep them inside of our ecosystem. And so we don't think there's like a demand challenge here. And I'm sure there'll be some demographic changes.

But I think the real big difference here is more of where they're being sourced from and they're being sourced from a highly productive accelerating flywheel that, that we built and of course, we're adding more and more things like enterprise loyalty on the reciprocity and so forth. So it really incentivizes our guests and recognizes our guests to stay inside of our ecosystem. And that at the end of the day is what we're really trying to achieve and that results in better lifetime value of the customer. We get more reps out of it and we get guests that are happy and supportive because they trust us.

Conor Cunningham -- Analyst

Appreciate it. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from the line of Ben Chaiken with Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Benjamin Chaiken -- Analyst

Hey. Good morning. On the private destination, Nassau is opening in December. How do you think about pricing access to that opportunity? I asked because the Beach Club comes with a lot of benefits, beach, food, drink that are all inclusive, if I'm not mistaken, which is different than Perfect Day? And then kind of related to that, is there any way to think about the -- or quantify the volume of passengers annually that touch Nassau today? And then I have one quick follow-up.

Thanks.

Michael Bayley -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Royal Caribbean International

Hi, Ben. Thank you for asking that question. I was kind of feeling lonely on this call. So it's Michael.

Yes, we have a pricing strategy laid out. We'll be launching the product into the market opening for sale in April. So we'll be able to talk about our pricing in about two months' time. It's an all-inclusive package.

We have quite a lot of volume going into Nassau in total just for the Royal brand. It way exceeds the capacity of the Beach Club. Our expectation is in the first full year of the operation of the Beach Club, we'll have approximately 1 million guests going into the Beach Club for the experience. And we'll talk about the pricing later on, but I can't really comment on it with any detail during this call.

Benjamin Chaiken -- Analyst

Understood. And then obviously recognizing it opens late in the year, do the -- and I think Naf kind of alluded to this, but does the 2025 Net Cruise Cost include anything for Nassau that's worth highlighting? And then also on a Net Cruise Cost basis, how is this similar maybe just talking anecdotally, how is this similar or different from CocoCay? On the surface, obviously, it's smaller, so presumably less headcount, but just any reason this would be more or less efficient than Coco on the cost side? Thanks.

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

I mean, the big difference really will be volume. I think this year on for 2025, CocoCay will be hosting 3.5 million gas. So we get all of those scale economies that come with the operation. For Nassau, the volume will be around $1 million and $1.5 million when it's fully operational.

So obviously, there's less scale opportunities, but it's still a very efficient operation. So its margins will be pretty attractive. It's going to be a very profitable business. It's also I mean, one of the major elements of the Beach Club, of course is its proximity to our ships.

And it's a product offering that we think is really needed in Nassau. So it's going to be a great guest experience. It's also incredibly complementary with CocoCay because we'll have a lot of short product that goes to Perfect Day on one day and the next day it'll be in the Beach Club. So it's like the greatest weekend in the history of cruising.

Benjamin Chaiken -- Analyst

Sounds exciting. Thank you.

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Just to add that, in terms of operation, it's still a very accretive investment, shouldn't expect this to be material difference. And then as we go through the cost toward the end of the year, obviously, as the brand is ready to open up the private destination, there's some opening and kind of ramp up costs there. They're going to touch toward the end of the year.

And obviously, we'll be fully in the base in 2025 -- in 2026, sorry.

Operator

Our final question will come from the line of Vince Ciepiel with Cleveland Research. Please go ahead.

Vince Ciepiel -- Analyst

Thanks so much. I wanted to circle back on loyalty. Maybe you could comment on relating to share wallet, repeat booking behavior, crossover between brands? I know that I think it was maybe in the second quarter of this year, there was some changes with the program to be more inclusive across brands. Just kind of curious if there's anything quantifiable in the response that you've seen in the last roughly year now?

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes. Well, I think we want to be generally muted in terms of how successful it is. But I will tell you it has been grossly successful in terms of the reciprocity program. One for our guests to recognize and then you believe it or not, there are not as many as you would think they recognize that Royal Celebrity and Silversea were in the same house.

And so I think just building that broader awareness and of course, we have guests that when they're on Royal or traveling with their kids and grandkids and when they're not, they might be looking to travel on Celebrity or Silversea or maybe it's their kids and their adult and maybe older children are on Celebrity and they're not, and but when they're not with their children, they want to go on Silversea or whatever it might be. So bringing that awareness is one thing. Now that there's reciprocity, then it makes it a lot stickier for them to stay inside of our ecosystem because of all the benefits that they get coming with that. So I would -- I mean, I think we have been incredibly surprised at how quickly our guests have taken to that program.

And I think it's one of many reasons why our flywheel continues to get faster and faster and we're getting significantly more repeat guests than we had planned for.

Vince Ciepiel -- Analyst

Thanks. And then thinking about kind of your expansion to Perfect Day Mexico, I think Western Caribbean is maybe 30%, 35% of the story in the Caribbean today. Just comment on where you think that could go over time as Perfect Mexico ramps? And then I thought it was really helpful commenting on, I think it was 3.5 million guests, Coco, 1.5 million eventually with the Beach Club in Nassau. Like the number of passengers you think Perfect Day Mexico could eventually support?

Michael Bayley -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Royal Caribbean International

Hi. It's Michael again. I mean, obviously, we're thinking big. And we've got some big ships coming.

We've got Icon-class coming online pretty much one every year. Now we've got Galveston and Texas and the opportunity regionally from Texas. We think that the ultimately the volume that we will take to Perfect Day Mexico will far exceed what we're taking into CocoCay.

Vince Ciepiel -- Analyst

Thanks.

Operator

And I'll turn the conference back over to Naftali Holtz, CFO for any closing remarks.

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

We thank you all for your participation and interest in the company. Blake will be available for any follow-ups. We wish you all a great day.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Blake Vanier -- Vice President, Investor Relations

Jason T. Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

Naftali Holtz -- Chief Financial Officer

Brandt Montour -- Analyst

Jason Liberty -- Chief Executive Officer

James Hardiman -- Analyst

Steven Wieczynski -- Analyst

Steve Wieczynski -- Analyst

Matthew Boss -- Analyst

Matt Boss -- Analyst

Robin M. Farley -- Analyst

Robin Farley -- Analyst

Conor Cunningham -- Analyst

Benjamin Chaiken -- Analyst

Michael Bayley -- President and Chief Executive Officer, Royal Caribbean International

Ben Chaiken -- Analyst

Vince Ciepiel -- Analyst

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Royal Caribbean Cruises (RCL) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool