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The road to net zero – Big Food’s emissions pledges

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In this guide, you will see food manufacturers linking their net zero targets to three areas of emissions – Scopes 1, 2 and 3.

Under the internationally-recognised Greenhouse Gas Protocol, an organisation’s emissions are split into three ‘scopes’.

Scope 1 covers direct emissions from owned or controlled sources. A second, Scope 2, covers indirect emissions from the generation of the electricity, steam, heating and cooling bought and consumed by a reporting organisation.

Scope 3 includes all other indirect emissions that occur in a company’s value chain – and are the largest chunk in a food manufacturer’s output.

Nestlé

The world’s biggest food manufacturer detailed its net-zero plans in 2020, a year after committing to be greenhouse gas emissions-free by 2050.

Then CEO Mark Schneider described the move as a “moral obligation, a moral commitment here to make good on preserving the planet we all live on and, at the same time, it’s about staying relevant to the consumer”.

Nestlé has a target to reduce emissions by 20% by 2025, from its baseline of 2018, and then by 50% by 2030. (The company says it emitted 113 million tonnes of CO2e in 2018, which was its baseline for measuring progress).

The group’s moves to get to net zero have included investment in regenerative agriculture, moves to make all of its packaging recyclable or reusable by 2025 and a bid to source “renewable electricity” at all sites by the same year.

In June 2023, Nestlé set out plans to stop using carbon offsets and withdrew its pledges to make certain brands ‘carbon neutral’. The company had previously issued ‘carbon neutral’ targets for brands including KitKat and Nespresso coffee,

Nestlé headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, 14 August 2020
Nestlé headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, 14 August 2020. Credit: Benny Marty / Shutterstock.com

In March 2024, Nestlé said it had achieved a net reduction of 13.5% of its GHG emissions in 2023 compared to its 2018 baseline, while continuing to grow its business over the same period. This included delivering a reduction of more than 15.3% in methane emissions. The company said it has successfully decoupled its growth from its emissions and is on track to reach a 20% absolute reduction of GHG emissions by 2025.

It said that these "significant reductions" in GHG emissions come from programmes and initiatives implemented across all three scopes of activities (scope 1, 2 and 3). In 2023, 94% of the decline of Nestlé's GHG emissions came from reductions in its operations and supply chain.

Antonia Wanner, group head of ESG strategy and deployment, said: "Our progress on emissions reductions is proof of our unwavering commitment to our net zero roadmap. We are working closely with our partners to help make food production more sustainable, while aiming at enhancing livelihoods across our value chain at the same time. A just transition is crucial to accelerate our efforts."

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