Yahoo Finance

Robert Fried

Thank you, Ben, and welcome, everybody. In the fourth quarter, we delivered record revenues of $29.1 million, a 37% increase year-over-year and net income of $7.2 million. For the full year, we delivered net revenues of $99.6 million, a 19% growth year-over-year and net income of $8.6 million. We generated $12.1 million in positive cash flow from operations in 2024, and we ended the year with $44.7 million in cash and no debt. It appears that the world is finally catching on to the importance of NAD and the fact that NIAGEN is the safest and most effective way to increase NAD levels, particularly in damaged cells.
In the fourth quarter, our e-commerce channel experienced robust organic growth with net sales of $17.3 million, a 30% increase year-over-year. Our food grade and pharmaceutical grade NIAGEN ingredients business had net sales of $5.3 million, a 96% increase year-over-year. (inaudible) NIAGEN distribution through our strategic partners, partners like Watsons remained consistently solid. As the demand for NAD boosting products continues to grow, we're seeing a proliferation of companies entering the arena that pursue misleading and dangerous practices. There are companies that knowingly infringe on the hard-earned patents of others.
There are companies that make false label claims; companies who swapping manufacturing processes introduced dangerous endotoxins; companies that claim to be science-based but have never conducted a single study. We're encouraged to see that Amazon and other marketplaces have taken some steps to police this activity. We do hope to see more. We need to see more action taken by the FDA and the FTC to prevent companies from deceiving consumers. And we'd also like to see the experts.
We give advice on podcasts and newsletters to be more vigilant in screening brands. We plan to use our position as a leader in the industry to drive awareness to consumer safety and product excellence. To be candid, I personally would not take a supplement that did not say ChromaDex or NIAGEN on the label. Last August, we launched our NIAGEN+ product line and introduced NIAGEN IV and injections at clinics through a compound pharmacy network. The launch started off very strong with pharmaceutical grade ingredient quickly selling out.
But due to issues in the supply chain, we were delayed two to three months in pharmaceutical grade availability. We have now since resolved these issues. Today, NIAGEN IV is available in about 500 clinics nationwide. NIAGEN IV and NIAGEN injections are on pace for great growth in the second half of this year. Last year, ChromaDex initiated communication with the FDA as part of the company's effort to pursue an investigational new drug application for the use of NR in the treatment of ataxia telangiectasia, ATA.
We continue to work with the agency to address its comments and its feedback. With regard to the NO-PARK study for the use of NR in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the last participant was enrolled last June. So we expect that the study will be completed by June of this year. We will not be able to see results for some time thereafter, but we very much look forward to sharing more updates on this and other pharmaceutical plans in the near future. In the coming weeks, we will be making an announcement that we are changing the company's name to better represent the evolution of the company and the strategic direction of the company.
This has been a major undertaking internally, and we're excited to finally share the company name. I believe this past year marks an inflection point for this company and that it is the right time to change our name to better align with our mission. In summary, your company is healthy. Your company is growing and your company is very well positioned for the future. Let's now turn it over to Ozan.
Ozan?

Ozan Pamir

Thank you, Rob. It is a pleasure to speak to our investors, partners and employees who are here with us today. Having joined ChromaDex just a few months ago, I've been deeply impressed by the team's dedication and the clear vision driving this company forward. It's a privilege to be part of a team that is so committed to innovation and excellence. 2024 was a strong year for ChromaDex as the company exceeded all targets on its financial outlook.
As Rob mentioned, this past year was pivotal in building momentum for even greater success. In both the fourth quarter and full year of 2024, we delivered outstanding financial performance while advancing key strategic initiatives. Before diving into the details of the quarter, I want to take a moment to highlight our full year performance. For the full year, we delivered total net sales of $99.6 million, a 19% year-over-year increase. Gross margins of 61.8% reflecting continued operational efficiency.
Selling and marketing expense is down approximately 200 basis points as a percentage of net sales, an increase in R&D investments of $1.1 million and a decrease in general and administrative expenses of $6.6 million year-over-year, better than our outlook of down $1.5 million. And we achieved net income of $8.6 million, a sharp turnaround from a net loss of $4.9 million for the fiscal year 2023 and generated $12.1 million in operating cash flows. Our results are a testament to the company's strong financial discipline and focused execution. Through diligent cost management and strategic resource allocation, we have driven growth, improved profitability and enhanced operational efficiency, all while continuing to invest in innovation and the future of our business. Now let's review the fourth quarter financial performance.
ChromaDex achieved total net sales of $29.1 million, up 37% compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. Our TRU NIAGEN related sales increased by 29%, driven by a 30% growth in e-commerce, and a 26% increase in combined Watsons and other B2B sales. Our total NIAGEN ingredient sales, including food grade and pharmaceutical grade increased by 96%. Gross margins improved by 150 basis points to 62.5% compared to 61% in the fourth quarter of 2023. This improvement is attributable to changes in our product and business mix driven by higher e-commerce sales and additional sales of pharmaceutical grade NIAGEN to support NIAGEN+ expansion and driven by efficiencies in supply chain due to scale, improvements in operational fixed costs and other savings initiatives.
Selling and marketing expense as a percentage of net sales improved 90 basis points to 29.9% compared to 30.8% in the fourth quarter of 2023 as we continue to make measured investments to grow our sales channels efficiently. Research and development expenses were largely stable year-over-year as we steadily advanced development of new NAD precursors. As reported, general and administrative expenses decreased by $4.4 million, driven by a $3.5 million reversal of royalties and fees related to our agreement with Gartner. In December 2024, we announced a supplemental agreement with Dartmouth that waived these obligations and a $1.3 million recovery of credit losses following the initial payment from the legal settlement with Elysium, recovering bad debt written off in 2019. The second and final payment is expected in the first quarter of this year.
In the fourth quarter of 2024, we delivered operating income of $7.1 million versus a $200,000 operating loss in the fourth quarter of 2023. Total net income in the fourth quarter was $7.2 million or $0.09 earnings per share, a substantial increase from $0.1 million or approximately breakeven earnings per share in the prior year period. Moving to the balance sheet and cash flow. Our balance sheet is stronger than ever. As a result of this year's growth, our balance sheet reflects a higher cash balance of $44.7 million with no debt, lower liabilities and higher equity, reinforcing the financial stability and resilience of our business.
For the full year 2024, our net cash provided by operations was $12.1 million, up from $7.1 million in the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by a $13.5 million improvement in net income, partially offset by a $3.5 million reversal of accrued royalties and $2.2 million in lower provisions for credit losses, reflecting the recovery of losses from the legal settlement rather than provisions as in the prior year. Additionally, various changes in working capital contributed to the overall improvement in net cash provided by operations. Finally, I would like to share our 2025 full year outlook. Detailed information on key financial metrics can be found in our earnings press release, along with the slide presentation.
As it relates to our full year 2025 net sales, we expect to maintain the momentum we built last year, projecting approximately 18% growth year-over-year. This outlook reflects continued expansion in our e-commerce business, growth in established partnerships and further progress in our pharmaceutical grade ingredient business. We anticipate a modest improvement in gross margins as we continue to execute on supply chain optimization and ongoing cost-saving initiatives. Selling and marketing expenses are expected to increase year-over-year in absolute dollars, but will remain stable as a percentage of net sales, which was 29.6% in 2024. As Rob mentioned, we will be announcing our company name change in the coming weeks with targeted marketing investments to support the rebrand.
At the same time, we will continue investing in resources to drive sales growth while maintaining operational efficiency. R&D expenses are also expected to increase year-over-year in absolute dollars, while remaining stable as a percentage of net sales at 6% as we continue to invest in NAD precursor development to support our innovation pipeline. General and administrative expenses are expected to increase by approximately $5 million to $6 million primarily due to investments in business growth and the absence of the reverse load royalties and fees related to Dartmouth that I mentioned earlier. In summary, 2024 was a defining of ChromaDex, driving profitable growth through operational excellence and fiscal discipline. The company's financial position is stronger than it has ever been, and I'm confident that we can continue to carry the momentum into 2025 and beyond.
As Rob mentioned earlier, we will soon be changing the name of ChromaDex to better align with the company's mission and strategic direction, and I look forward to joining him and the rest of the leaders here to share the exciting announcement in the coming weeks. Operator, we are now ready to take questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Jeffrey Cohen, Ladenburg Thalmann.

Jeffrey Cohen

So firstly, could you talk about the stick pack a little bit as far as give us a sense of pull-through on Amazon or your website in a sense of what's the milligram size and any promises as far as pricing?

Robert Fried

It's 300 milligrams per stick pack. It also has indolent in it. So it actually has other fiber benefits. We haven't really emphasized the stick pack. It's interesting, it's very rare that people ask us about stick pack, but sales of (inaudible) have, over the last couple of quarters, begun to increase.
So we expect in 2025 to initiate more of a ring campaign behind it. We've noticed that the consumers for stick packs tend to be younger and they also tend to be more in the exercise workout cohort group.

Jeffrey Cohen

Okay. Got it. That's helpful. Ozan, a quick one for you. The 1.3 adjustment on the royalties for the fourth quarter, you expect -- you said the second and final in the first quarter, that also be 1.3 as well.

Ozan Pamir

So just to clarify, that's not a royalty adjustment, that's the Elysium settlement. The royalty adjustment relates to Dartmouth, we reversed $3 million in the gas Dartmouth, that's not going to reoccur. However, the $1.3 million received from Elysium, the second payment of that is we are expecting by the end of March. That's going to be again (inaudible)

Jeffrey Cohen

Okay. Perfect. That's helpful. Rob, on the NO-PARK study, we would -- should we expect a read out or some commentary from the company in the third quarter or the fourth quarter?

Robert Fried

We really don't know. It's a double-blinded study. We expect them to share it with us, but we don't make sure that they will once they have the data compiled. So if I give you a rough estimate would probably be end of the third quarter, fourth or beginning of fourth quarter. But that doesn't necessarily mean we go public with it.
There are factors like they may be submitting for publication and they may feel that it would impact their chances of getting published. So I don't want to really create expectations around when you will hear. The only thing we feel comfortable saying right now is the last participant will be completed in June of this year.

Jeffrey Cohen

Got it. And then lastly for us, could you talk about the food grade origin segment? Sticking out because it's been extremely strong in the back half of 2024. So anything to call out there? Any sense of how that looks for '25 as a segment.

Robert Fried

Yes. We expect it to continue to grow. We've added a couple of other partners. As you know, we're extremely selective about to whom we supply NIAGEN as an ingredient. There are a handful of very good companies to supply, including Nestle, H&H, life extension.
(inaudible). We'll add one or two more. Those companies themselves are growing. We're seeing an increased awareness level of -- certainly of NAD, but of NIAGEN in particular. So we expect the ingredient food-grade ingredient business to grow nicely in 2025.

Operator

Mitchell Pinheiro, Sturdivant.

Mitchell Pinheiro

Could you just expand a little bit on the drivers of your strong e-commerce performance in the fourth quarter.

Robert Fried

Well, as you know, we've always done extremely well on Amazon. But we've also now seen a nice improvement in our Shopify performance. And for (inaudible) we've been talking about it as an underperformer. But you can't really flip a switch and improve your website e-commerce performance. It's a function of many variables that take time to add up SEO, search engine optimization, ads localizing the ads.
So it's a combination of us improving our performance on Shopify, general increased awareness of NAD in general, which is in large part because of the launch of our NIAGEN IV business, and then a tremendous amount of publicity that ChromaDex and TRU NIAGEN have received over the last several months.

Mitchell Pinheiro

Okay. And then I always ask this, but was the growth driven by strong new customers recurring? How would you characterize that --

Robert Fried

There's a slight increase in recurring customers, but it's mostly new to brand.

Mitchell Pinheiro

Okay. And then obviously, the NIAGEN IV, the injectable, I'd love to learn a little more about maybe what you learned on your initial ramp where the pace of clinic additions throughout 2025, perhaps where you would expect to end roughly in the number of clinics. And then -- and finally, how confident are you in your supply chain ability to keep up with demand? I know it had a little bit of a slower start. I'm just curious where -- are we up to speed? Or are there always going to be risks related to supply chain supply?

Robert Fried

I think there will always be risks. But you have to recognize that the pharma grade supply chain is completely different than the food grade supply chain. It's a big group of companies. The process is somewhat different. It's -- everything has to be FDA approved and tested and sterilized and retested.
So it's a new area for us, and we've now been working on it for actually several years and we had a couple of hiccups, the hiccups that we had had nothing to do with the quality. We always reach the absolute tiptop highest level of purity and quality whenever we do the test. It has to do with things like having the appropriate license to warehouse the product before you ship it to a pharmacy or ship it to a clinic. These are technical things. or filling out the right paperwork when you're traveling it from one place to another.
And it's -- these are the kinds of things that have been a learning experience for us and have been frustrating for us because the demand is there. But we think we've resolved it. And so we expect in the second quarter, certainly by the third quarter, that will really get back going in terms of sales. I don't think that we will have a problem with supply. Right now, our manufacturing partners.
In this case, it's Dr. Reddy's. And we have a nice rhythm going. And of course, we still have the relationship with W.R. Grace, who's also capable of doing pharma grade if needed.
We think we smoothed out (inaudible), we've been at it for a couple of years here. and we've ordered an ample amount or certainly for the next year or probably two years. So we think we're in pretty good shape in terms of supply. But yes, it's -- anything could happen be problems. We try to anticipate (inaudible) we can. We beefed up our staff and internal staff in that area, putting much more focus on it. We expect that to be an important growth area for the company. in the coming years.

Mitchell Pinheiro

And what have you learned with the -- just as from the clinics, the covers at the IV clinics and any learnings there? I mean, is it an easy switch for people that were doing the plus IV are people aware of your new product really selling it in the clinics where you're presently that product. Like I'm just curious what the learnings might be? Or need to step up marketing. If you could talk about that, I'd appreciate it.

Robert Fried

It's like a whole (inaudible) of questions. It didn't warn post going to ask one question, Mitch. Yes, we learned quite a bit. Yes, it is easy transfer from NAD consumers to NIAGEN. In fact, I can tell you with confidence that anybody who has experienced NAD IV that then tries NIAGEN IV is hooked.
They're used to taking hours to get the NAD IV ingested and they're used to you're seeing these terrible side effects, nausea, sweats. They take (inaudible) it takes a few minutes with no none of the side effects and much higher NAD levels. So over the next day or two, they experienced the much greater level of benefits than they might with just pure entity. There are -- we had announced back in November, I think, 300 clinics. I think this morning, we announced that we're up to around $500 million.
Our expectation is we'll be at least double that by the end of the year. There are plenty of clinics that are interested in this. One of the issues is what they call the BOD, the exploration date and that just takes time to make sure that when the pharmacy ships it to the clinic that the clinic has enough time to sell it. And that's just time. So I think sometime in the second quarter that ample time for the clinics to sell out.
And so right now, they're bought reluctant to order. They generally were order once a consumer comes in, a patient comes in and requests. But they don't want to inventory it because exploration data is fairly short. But that will correct itself in the next month or two. And many of them are already quite aggressively marketing it to their consumers.
We work with this clinic marketing department coordinates with some of these clinics like (inaudible) clinic, one franchise that has a franchise that has numerous clinics. We work with them to create some consumer marketing campaigns, and we expect to do more of that coming into the future. You may also have heard many people who have NAV just on their own talking about it on podcasts or social media. There's Whitney Cummins and (inaudible). We've heard them speak about it.
There are -- there is a fertility clinic, a well-known podcasters got called the egg whisper, who's quite a bit about it, saying that her her patients have benefited by taking to NIAGEN. So it's sort of picking up a little bit of organic awareness on its own even without us doing much marketing. But yes, we plan to market the NIAGEN IV and the NIAGEN shots. In the coming months, we will be able to (inaudible) at-home version where people can inject a NIAGEN shot, a smaller dose of a NIAGEN shot to themselves subcu at home. And we are very hopeful that, that will hit a nice market.
We know that the GLP-1 agonists are doing quite well. We think that most of these people that want to stay thin also want to stay young. So we think that there's space for NIAGEN IV as well.

Operator

Susan Anderson with Canaccord Genuity.

(inaudible) on for Susan. A question on every day, there's a new headline on tariffs. Any thoughts on how it might potentially impact sourcing or even parts of your international business like Watsons in Hong Kong? And if so, do you have any plans or what actions could you take to mitigate that?

Robert Fried

It's possible that tariffs, and I'll let also if you want to answer this as well as possible that tariffs will have a small impact on the Watson business and on the food grade -- the pharma grade NIAGEN, but we think we're talking about a very solid amount won't have a meaningful impact on our business overall. The bulk of our material, the food-grade NIAGEN material is made all here in the United States and the vast majority of our sales are also here in the United States. And just to add to that. With regards to Canadian tariffs that were just passed today, if you look at the list of products that are posted that are having tariffs on from the Canada side, supplements are not part of that list. So we don't expect any impact on our sales to Canada as well.

Got it. And then just a follow-up on innovation. You mentioned the future subcutaneous injection. I guess any other innovations that you're able to talk about plan for the year?

Robert Fried

We do plan to either introduce one or two new formulations that are of supplements that are complementary to TRU NIAGEN or reformulated a couple of the formulations that we have, such as the TRU NIAGEN immune product, and we do have a product that we refer to as TRU NIAGEN beauty that we sell in Asia. So we are -- and then there was one question about stick pack. So these are three other product innovations that we're working on, expect to have some update developments later in the year.

Operator

Bill Dezellem, Tieton Capital Management.

William Dezellem

Congratulations on a terrific quarter. A group of questions. Let's start with the food grade ingredient if we could, being up over 60% along with your e-commerce sales being very strong. Is this just another data point indicating that you're hitting that tipping point with awareness? Or were there some initial orders or no orders that don't happen every quarter, maybe that just popped into the fourth quarter that led to a larger -- that larger 60% plus sort of growth on that line item.

Robert Fried

Well, so it's more difficult to predict the ingredient business because it's a B2B business. The order comes in, you fill the order. But this has been steadily going on now for several quarters. our partners to whom we're seeing NIAGEN are doing quite well and they extend their forecast for the year are pretty aggressive, too. So we expect this NIAGEN ingredients business to continue to grow.

William Dezellem

Then I want to talk a bit about the IV business for a moment. Has the shortage of the IV product alerted interest at all. And where I'm going with this question is sometimes scarcity is the single best selling point. And have you seen any of that to take place?

Robert Fried

Initially, we saw a little bit of that of people ordering it and clamoring for -- e-mailing about it and saying they want it, and they want the thing is this problem we've experienced has been going on for a few months. So yes, at first, but no after a while to just what we did. We solved the supply chain problem and get back to marketing and selling a great product.

William Dezellem

Great. And as for the supply chain problem, Rob, I apologize, my schedule did not allow me to come to this properly prepared. But what the impact in the fourth quarter and what you would anticipate in the first quarter from the supply chain issues with the IV.

Robert Fried

Well the pharma ingredient business is part of the overall ingredient business, but we do break it out. And you could see that in the third quarter and the fourth quarter, it was in the area of about $1 million a quarter, maybe even a little less.
And then my expectation is we'll probably be in that neighborhood in the first quarter too. But then I think starting in the second quarter, maybe late in the third quarter, you're going to start seeing a more dramatic rise in sales of NIAGEN pharma, NIAGEN in (inaudible) to the IV space. So I think that if we're right and that growth happens, let's say, in the third quarter, it's growth that would have been experienced in the first quarter. It was just about a several month delay.

William Dezellem

And I did hear you say that, that is now completely behind you at this point?

Robert Fried

With the exception of this thing called BOD, the expiration date, which just takes time. It has nothing to do with the supply chain manufacturing process. But we haven't experienced any supply chain issues in several weeks, and we have plenty of material now. So I think it's all behind us.

Operator

Ram Selvaraju, H.C. Wainwright.

Raghuram Selvaraju

Congrats on all the progress, really impressive operational performance Firstly, I was wondering if you could comment on potential tailwinds in 2025 from two areas in particular. One is NGN IV uptake. And the other is potential accession of adoption to was previously the segment of the market that was being served by nicotinamide mononucleotide, or NMM.

Robert Fried

We still do some (inaudible) in the market but much, much let we did. And as you know, the FDA has been very consistent about upholding its ruling that there's a drug preclusion application in name and not a legal dietary supplement that is reserved only for drug use. There is a group that was selling NMN that is funded a lawsuit against the FDA. And the FDA has said that they will issue a final ruling on this in July. But you could see both ChromaDex and the drug company that was the reason for the drug occlusion called Metro Biotech have published statements to the FDA against the claims made by this group.
We are confident that the FDA will show the integrity and continue to keep NMM out of the market. We're not seeing an end as a major force in the marketplace presently. There are, though, as I alluded before, doesn't of companies jumping on the NAD bandwagon these days. Some are just lately infringing on pass lately missing label claims and just selling the ingredient. There are companies out of Asia that plan to be selling some NAD precursor of some sort at cheap prices.
So we are -- and we're seeing some really egregious fraudulent acts in the marketplace of people get a piece of what is really an exciting and growing market, an issue for us. And we're working very hard to identify these bad actors in notifying companies inside the industry, regulatory authorities and the retailers Amazon to limit that. And some of them are taking action. We'd love to see TikTok shop, pay attention to this. There are many of these infringers and fraudulent players selling on TikTok shop (inaudible) doesn't seem to care.
I would think that they would given the state of their company right now and the scrutiny they're getting from the government. And anybody who's listening to this call who feels like writing a letter or an e-mail to (inaudible), informing them that they are not policing and they are creating real risk to consumers in America for allowing these fraudulent companies to sell their products on TikTok shop. That would be one way that you guys could help your company. But NMN isn't a big deal with these others. There's another thing we're seeing is a lumpy selling NAD.
Yes, NAD itself, the molecule NAD is not bioavailable. So there is -- there are exactly 0 studies that show that swallowing NAD increases NAD levels. It does -- it's just simply too large a molecule and has a similar problem to NMN and that it's a nucleotide meaning there's a (inaudible) group on the perimeter blocking entry into the cell. So people who are hearing about NAD going out and buying a supplement that says NAD, it's not even just that your taking a product that doesn't do anything, you probably are doing some harm. Why do I say that Well, these people who get NAD IV 3 hours, and they have these ramps and snuck eggs and sweats and fevers.
There's a reason why because NAD endeavoring to get into the cell creates friction. It creates this friction that leads to information. Taking NAD -- the one study we did where we compared NAD IV to NIAGEN IV showed all the biomarkers of inflammation in NAD. So it not only doesn't do much, it also creates inflammation. But that doesn't stop dozens of companies from jumping on the NAD bad when selling.
The fact of the matter is there's really only one good, safe, trustworthy company in the NAD space that does the studies that meets label claims that has an op shelf quality department that gets regulatory approvals, that gets intellectual property and that you can trust in its company. And to the extent that you guys can help us spread that word, I think you'd hope you'd be very helpful to the general consumer base that's now growing of growing interest in the NAD space.

Raghuram Selvaraju

Just two related things, if I may. Firstly, I was wondering if you could comment on the potential market opportunity, the size of the total addressable market and what you expect to be possible upside scenarios the Parkinson's disease study that's currently ongoing to report positive data and what implications that might have for ChromaDex. And also, if you could maybe talk about future potential avenues to positioning NR as an Rx product, if that might include a possible spinout, pharmaceutical initiative of some kind or indeed a broader corporate rebranding?

Robert Fried

Yes. Well, as you know, we are planning to do a corporate rebrand and we expect in the next few weeks to announce the new name. Stay tuned for that. And thank you for asking about Rx. The Parkinson's study, as we said, will be completed it's the protocol in June.
We won't know the data for quite a while. But there are 10 million people globally diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. And I ask you this question, Ram, if you were somebody diagnosed with Parkinson's disease or a family or related to somebody with Parkinson's disease, and you read that there was a Phase III clinical study completed from a very reputable Parkinson's researcher. And you read it in a very reputable journal, Parkinson's (inaudible) read it in maybe one of the foundation websites or you read it in the news media of a dietary supplement that had statistically significant therapeutic value. For Parkinson's that was completely safe and was on the market.
What percentage of those 10 million do you think would go out or whose doctors would recommend them to go out and seek that dietary supplement. Seek the one that actually did the study, seek the one that has the intellectual property set that is safe and that approved by all of the regulatory bodies. If it was just 5%, you're talking about very, very dramatic, significant numbers. You could do the math, I'm sure you have. It's a very significant it.
Now that -- obviously, there's an assumption there that the study is going to come back positive. But we have no knowledge of it. It's a double-blinded study. We don't know the results at all nor are the researchers. But the earlier studies, the Phase I studies that were published and even the preclinical studies and the mechanisms of action suggests that there's a pretty good chance.
So we think that that's one area with great upside potential for (inaudible). But as you said, in terms of Rx, in terms of drug approval, as you know, Ram, Roma dex has a large portfolio of precursors for NAD, not just nicotinamide riboside, or nicotinamide (inaudible) chloride. We have other precursors some of which are bioequivalent or even biosuperior that we think might be better candidates for drug approval.
So ChromaDex could conceivably use one of those other molecules that we have many, many years of patents on for actual drug approval separate from sales of dietary supplement for Parkinson's disease or the other diseases. Remember, ataxia (inaudible), which is another one that we've already published a Phase II clinical on that orphan disease.
These are two diseases, which are high profile for us. Now -- so then you asked the question, will there be a spin-off. So we have said in the past that we don't intend to dilute our our investors further by raising money to pursue drug approval. So if it turns out that the capital that we have is insufficient to get there, because we didn't get a licensing deal from a pharma company or the cost of the study was too much. If we were in that place, yes, we would do a spin out and perhaps just simply raise money for the spinout if needed.
I don't expect that to happen, but it is a possibility. The other reason for considering a spinout would be that certain pharma companies are not as interested in the supplement business as they are pharmaceutical business and are very interested in both the ataxia and Parkinson's and our molecule or our molecules for that pursuit. And they might be interested in doing business with us just for those businesses and those molecules.
So that's another reason potentially to do a spinout. But I appreciate bringing it up because between Parkinson's and ataxia and the Rx strategy and the NIAGEN injection strategy in the NIAGEN IV strategy as well, just increased awareness and brand awareness for NIAGEN and TRU NIAGEN. We think we have several possible shots on goal for this company, ChromaDex to realize its potential. -- all the while we are focused on operating a good, healthy business that's cash flow positive and growth.

Operator

Sean McGowan, ROTH Capital.

Sean McGowan

A couple of questions. One, (inaudible), could you just clarify I think I know the answer, could you clarify on the G&A expectations for the year? Do you mean $5 million to $6 million higher than the reported GAAP number for full year 2024?

Robert Fried

Yes, I do. And let me clarify that. So we reported almost $18.4 million in G&A expenses. That includes the reversal of that $3.5 million of Dartmouth royalties and the receipt of $1.3 million for Malaysia. So if you adjust for those for normal operations from that, it would be about $1 million to $2 million increase, based on reported numbers 5% to 6%.

Sean McGowan

Right. It turns out to be a lower full year number for '25 than I had expected. So I'm pleased. On that lesion not the reason on the dark risk royalty thing. Is there going to be any effort to get back any prior paid and booked royalties on that? Or is that what are the bridge at this point?

Robert Fried

Dartmouth royalties, all of the previously accrued bonds have been reversed, and we are no longer accruing any royalty. So there's really nothing left there.

Sean McGowan

Right. But those were accrued but on paid, right? Is my understanding if you go back, I'll talk about back to the point where you were not only recruiting them, but you were paying them, you're not going to go back and try to get.

Robert Fried

Previously paid. No, we're not going to go after them for that. No, that's not our goal.

Sean McGowan

Is in terms of relative margin contribution, I believe we've talked about this before that NIAGEN IV is higher margin than the overall average. That's right? And is -- when the Niagen injectable at-home injectable, would that be comparable NIAGEN IV?

Robert Fried

They'll probably be lower.

Sean McGowan

Probably lower. Okay. That's helpful. And did you offer any specifics on the timing of when that home injection kit would be available?

Robert Fried

We do. But we're circling third quarter.

Sean McGowan

Very helpful. And last question. Can you comment on the frequency of people doing NIAGEN IV, like what portion of them are coming back? Are they coming back once a month? Or any kind of update on that would be helpful.

Robert Fried

So we were able to make a small amount of pharma grade material for NIAGEN, and we went out into the marketplace in September, and we sold really well for the first 2.5 months but then we ran out of material. So we really don't know about repeat users because we didn't have material to supply to the clinics. So we really can't answer that question right now.

Operator

(inaudible)

Congratulations on a great quarter. So quickly, I'm wondering about the possibility of a partnership with a clinical lab for NADs testing. And my thought was that maybe there's no financial necessary financial benefit or upside. But if you had more data from lots and lots of patients who are taking (inaudible) doing infusions, would that be helpful? Have you looked into partnerships with (inaudible) for doing blood testing and checking and that sort of thing is that's new on your agenda or not?

Robert Fried

Are you talking about NAD or are you talking about NIAGEN?

Well, I guess (inaudible) products, so any level any new plus levels?

Robert Fried

Very important for people to understand that NAD itself is not bioavailable. So these people that are (inaudible) So people who are getting NA DID or even taking NAD. There is an increase, a small increase in their NAD levels, but the reason for that is because the NAD molecule is breaking down in the blood to me. into smaller molecules. And one of the smaller molecules it breaks down into is NR.
And then the NR will be -- a small amount of NR will then get taken up into the cell. But they have to go through quite a process to get it there, which creates a lot of agony and information and other issues. The other issue about -- you see a lot of companies emerging talking about NAD levels in the blood. And we do, in fact, have a kit we sell to some people who are constantly asking my NAD levels. But probably with measuring your NAD levels in the blood it really isn't a great indicator of much.
You really want to measure your NAD in the cells in the tissue cells. But even then, you really want to measure them in the damaged tissue tissue cells. It is very difficult to do in humans. It's kind of easy to do in rats and mice. But unless you're going to do a biopsy, it's quite difficult to do in a human.
You can do it in the brain with an MRI. You can measure NAD levels in the brain with MRIs, and we've done that. And it's one of the reasons we're so aggressive with these neurodegenerative diseases like ataxia and Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. -- because they're all neurodegenerative diseases, and we can measure NAD levels as well as the therapeutic benefits of taking TRU NIAGEN. So we could conceivably partner with some of these clinics that are out there in the NAD business and -- or selling NAD or doing NAD IV.
But we're not very confident in the quality of the data that it would deliver. So it might be more of a marketing exercise than a science exercise Andrew, is there anything you want to add to that?

I think you covered it, Rob. So just to see if a (inaudible). So if you actually had an MRI that could actually give you some useful information then, and that's obviously going to be super expensive. Is there a point in doing that for people who are really, really interested in knowing.

Robert Fried

Andrew, do you want to take that?

Andrew Shao

Well, I think one of the challenges there is the availability of that technology. So it's noninvasive. But today, it's quite expensive to do that. So it would be the availability and the affordability. But certainly would be preferred from an invasiveness standpoint because it doesn't require the biopsy.

Right. So someone has a real keen interest and money is not an object here, right? That's an avenue that they could theoretically pursue. Is that right?

Robert Fried

Yes. The group in Norway that Rob referred to earlier that's doing the Parkinson's disease research has routinely implemented this technology in measuring brain NAD levels. I don't know that it's a good large portion of the no park study, but they have done it in smaller studies, and they continue to implement it in smaller studies.

Right. So I wasn't thinking about like research or clinical settings. I'm talking about individuals who -- and as Rob alluded to, there are people who are really keen to know their levels, right? So in theory, if you have the money and you want to do this, you can do it, and there might be some benefit, obviously, to getting the data from ChromaDex's point of view, that you can actually prove things or show things or market things or whatever. Is that right? Or am I just missing the boat?

Robert Fried

No, I guess that's theoretically an idea. It's expensive, but there are people out there that are so committed to anti-age search and their body that they might actually do that. So that's (inaudible)

Operator

And that concludes our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the conference back over to Ben Shamsian for closing remarks.

Ben Shamsian

Thank you, operator. There will be a replay of this call beginning at 7:30 PM Eastern Time today. The replay number is 1 (800) 770 2030 and the replay ID is 858-4242. Thank you, everyone, for joining us today and for your continued support of ChromaDex.

Operator

And this concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect. Thank you.