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Bill Zerella

Thanks, George, and thank you for joining us today. We are very pleased with our Q4 financial performance. Along with strong revenue growth, we delivered meaningful margin expansion and adjusted EBITDA growth, demonstrating the strength of our business model.
On slide 13, let's begin with a recap of fourth quarter results. Revenue of $116 million was above the high end of our guidance range, representing 35% year-over-year growth. Q4 revenue from our 2024 acquisitions was in line with expectations.
So the over performance was again driven by strong organic growth of approximately 20% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA of $6 million exceeded the high end of guidance, with adjusted EBITDA margin improving 900 basis points year-over-year. The upside was driven by strong high-margin Auction and Insurance revenues and by operating leverage. Finally, non-GAAP net income was also above the high end of guidance, with margin increasing approximately 400 basis points year-over-year.
Next on slide 14, let's review additional revenue details. Auction and Insurance revenue was 58% of total revenue and grew 40% year-over-year. This performance reflects 27% year-over-year unit growth and Auction and Insurance ARPU of $500, which grew 10% year-over-year. Marketplace Services revenue was 37% of total revenue and grew 31% year-over-year, reflecting strong revenue for ACV Transport and record revenue for ACV Capital. Our SaaS and data services products comprised 5% of total revenue, with growth accelerating to 10% year-over-year.
Next, I'll review Q4 costs on slide 15. Non-GAAP cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased approximately 400 basis points year-over-year. The improvement was driven by auction assurance results and by ACV Transport. Non-GAAP operating expense, excluding cost of revenue, as a percentage of revenue, decreased 400 basis points year-over-year. These results reflect our focus on expense discipline as we optimize and scale our business.
Moving to slide 16, I'll frame our investment strategy as we drive profitable growth. Our focus on spending discipline and operating efficiency resulted in a decrease in OpEx growth in 2023, yielding a significant improvement in adjusted EBITDA. In 2024, as expected, OpEx growth increased to support our marketing center strategy and commercial platform investments. Even with these growth investments, adjusted EBITDA margin increased by approximately 800 basis points year-over-year.
Next, I will highlight our strong capital structure on slide 17. We ended Q4 with $270 million in cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities and $123 million of debt.
Note that our Q4 cash balance includes $167 million of float in our Auction business. In the figure on the right, we highlight our strong full year operating cash flow of $65 million. This significant improvement reflects our transition to positive adjusted EBITDA and strong margin expansion.
Now turning to 2025 guidance on slide 18. For the first quarter, we are expecting revenue in the range of $180 million to $185 million, growth of 24% to 27% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be in the range of $9 million to $11 million reflecting growth of approximately 135% year-over-year at the midpoint of guidance.
For the full year, we are expecting revenue in the range of $765 million to $785 million, growth of 20% to 23% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be in the range of $65 million to $75 million, reflecting growth of approximately 150% year-over-year at the midpoint of guidance. As it relates to guidance, we're assuming that Dealer wholesale volumes will be approximately flat year-over-year for 2025.
We expect conversion rates and wholesale price depreciation to follow normal seasonal patterns. We also continue to expect revenue growth to exceed non-GAAP OpEx growth, excluding cost of revenue and depreciation and amortization by approximately 500 basis points.
And finally, moving to slide 19. We're updating key assumptions in our midterm target model. The model continues to assume 1.5 million total units and we now expect approximately 15% of the mix to come from Commercial Wholesale.
Our targets also continue to be underpinned by sustaining market share gains and expanding margins through revenue mix and scale which we've clearly demonstrated in our performance. We're also factoring in higher Auction and Insurance ARPU based on the pricing power we've demonstrated in recent years by delivering value to our Dealer Partners. As such, our new targets are revenue of $1.4 billion and adjusted EBITDA of $350 million. We look forward to taking you through a deep dive on our updated targets at our March Analyst Day.
And with that, let me turn it back to George.

George Chamoun

Thanks, Bill. Before we take your questions, I will summarize. We are very pleased with our strong execution in 2024. We are especially proud of our ACV teammates that delivered these results. We continue to gain market share by attracting new dealer and commercial partners to our marketplace while expanding our addressable market, which positions ACV for attractive growth as market conditions improve. We are delivering on an exciting product road map powered by ACV AI to further differentiate ACV and drive operating efficiencies.
We are focused on achieving substantial adjusted EBITDA growth in 2025. and delivering on our updated midterm targets that we believe will drive significant shareholder value. We are committed to achieving these results. while building a world-class team to deliver on our goals. With that, I'll turn the call over to the operator to begin the Q&A.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Eric Sheridan, Goldman Sachs.

Eric Sheridan

In terms of the market share gains that are embedded in your forward forecast, maybe talk a little bit George, about some of the underlying assumptions you're making with respect to sort of same-store dynamics, new initiative dynamics, elements of yield or return on some of the investments you've made in the platform over the last couple of years is sort of driving those market share gains, just so we can understand a little bit better some of the underlying assumptions.
And with the one year out EBITDA forecast, I just want to refresh on how you're thinking about either hitting that kind of forecast versus outperforming it and the balance between achieving the EBITDA number versus finding ways to invest in the business even if you do produce some extra incremental profit as we go through the year? Just to understand the philosophy behind it.

George Chamoun

Yes, certainly, Eric. So first on what were our thoughts on the market this year. The direct question was we're assuming our share gains continue really at the same pace. Our thought places -- our thought for the market this year is assume a flattish wholesale market. When you look at all the considerations going on between interest rates, other market conditions, some of the other concerns out there in automotive, our thought has assumed a flattish overall wholesale market, and we continue to take share at the same consistent rate. So really no change in how we've been taking share thus far -- to keep going.
And to your point, with some of our new value-added services, we could grow faster and that is a possibility. But the thought right now is just the same message we've been getting at all is same consistent execution, same market share gains, but assume an overall market overall -- market conditions that dealer wholesale would be flat year-over-year. Is that helpful, Eric, on your first question?

Eric Sheridan

That is helpful. Thanks.

George Chamoun

Yes. And the second question, we're -- I'll start, and Bill can lean in. We're -- obviously, we continue to invest. We've got an exciting lineup of product and technology. What we're seeing in a world where AI is changing everything quickly, very, very quickly.
And we are investing as well. We believe we've got a unique advantage to continue to demonstrate very strong -- sort of overall health benefits. I believe 130-plus percent year-over-year when you look at our year-over-year EBITDA improvements.

Bill Zerella

It's actually 150%.

George Chamoun

150% year-over-year improvement. So while doing that an incredible improvement on overall, Eric, to your point, you'll see some of the things I highlighted today, we'll be showing quite a bit of this on Analyst Day as well. We've got a really incredible product road map. So when you look at the strength in our current products, our product road map show that we continue to improve our overall path of EBIT expansion but also invest in the core. Bill I don't know if you want to add any more to that?

Bill Zerella

Yes. I would say, Eric, I mean it's always a question of how you balance investment versus driving earnings growth. So when you take a step back, we're driving 150% improvement in adjusted EBITDA on 22% revenue growth, right? In the past, in terms of over performance we've tended to pass some portion of that through in terms of overperforming, which is what happened last year. But we're always kind of thinking at the same time, how do we continue to drive future growth.
So that's -- that's always the balance, and those are the calls that we make. So far, we've been able to over-perform and still invest at a rate we think is important to drive future growth. So we feel pretty good about the balance, at least for the initial guidance for the year. And like every year, we'll see how things kind of play out over time, especially with respect to market conditions.

Operator

Chris Pierce, Needham & Company.

Christopher Pierce

I just wanted to hit on flat market volumes. There's articles out there from the National Auto. I'm going to get the acronym wrong, but Auto Auction Association showing low double-digit growth in dealer volumes in January and similar in commercial. So is it that you think maybe tax refund season was pull forward? So I just want to get a sense of the market's been strong, but you guys are saying flat in '25. I just want to kind of understand where you're coming from?

George Chamoun

Yes, I think, listen, great question. I think it's really why we also have a range. Let's start with -- I think the whole process here to have a range is to incorporate into that thought process. What happens if -- it's flattish like we're saying, what happens if it's a little bit better or a little bit worse, hence why we have a range. But if you look at the specifics, there's mix data on what economists are seeing is going to happen with retail this year.
There's really a lot of mixed data out there. And obviously, we don't want to be wrong. So to your point, January was very strong for ACV. We had a really strong month. And if the whole year ends up being like that, that would be fantastic, Chris. But we're not going to bank on that, okay?
February, as you're probably also reading, it's not like anything changed at ACV, right? But February, I think we're going to see retail sales will be -- could end up being lower year-over-year. Now whether or not retail sales end up being lower year-over-year, I'm not talking about wholesale -- even looking at retail. We -- it would mean that whether it was weather, whether it was interest rates, but there was other concerns, we could see that February's challenges are either temporary or not. And so when you take all this in, right, there's a lot of crosswinds out there.
There's the -- there's some macro stuff. There's all this concern about tariffs and everything else. We think it's prudent for us to some right down the middle. Some flattish -- there's no reason for any of us to take all these different messages going on out there and predict it will be better. I don't think that's prudent for us and for our shareholders.
But to your point, there could be a situation this year with wholesales up -- and January showed us all. But keep in mind, January wholesale was a result of December's activities. Wholesale is always a few weeks after retail. And so we'll see how much January retail was actually up or not year-over-year as the data starts to come out. And so let's start to follow that trend of how much really was January up how much is February up or down.
So I think we're doing the right thing for us and our shareholders, basically predict down the middle. Hopefully, it's better than that, and hence why we give you all a range.

Christopher Pierce

And then I appreciate that. And then just lastly for me. Can you talk about some of the changes on the -- that you're seeing from some of the power wholesalers out there like CarMax and Carvana updating their buyer-facing tech? Is that something that would affect your volumes in any way? Or what do you see as there's these changes in the marketplace as things become more tech forward.

George Chamoun

Yes. I mean at the end of the day, I think we've been very consistent on competition, right? The questions we've gotten from our IPO to now, we've always had a lot of competition up there. There's hundreds of regional auctions. We've always had competition.
We respect our competition. But I think there was other like marketplace, things that have come up for the last couple of years that draw some question out there that some of the things you all saw from other marketplace companies. You're hearing a very consistent message.
We've got an incredible value proposition for dealers. We have marketplace offerings, we've got transportation. We've got capital, we've got pricing tools. We've got a broader value-added offering than we believe anyone else in the world. And we feel really good about that.
So there will always be competition. We respect that competition, but we really love the position we're in.

Operator

Bob Labick, CJS Securities.

Peter Kirk Lukas

It's Pete Lukas for Bob. Just on your recon network, as you build out to 40-plus locations. What are the key advantages that this gives you other than more storage space for repo? And what are you doing differently than the incumbent players with your space and commercial offerings?

George Chamoun

Two great questions. So one, to your point, your first part, just to sort of help everyone else understand. You need that land to your point, for repo and some of the other categories. So starting to have the land allow us to broaden our TAM we're really excited about. And so having the right locations is important. But then to your point, the unique offering ACV brings is twofold.
One is the way our data service offerings works, we're going to be able to auction vehicles every day, not just once a week. And we're going to help our commercial partners make great decisions based on the condition of that vehicle. That condition data will also go all the way upstream. We have one re-marketer today in the rental car category who's starting to use our data to help them understand the value of their wholesale cars. And that goes upstream before they even start to make decisions on who to re-market with.
Once you get to the actual physical location. We have some -- we believe, some healthy disruption going on there. I'm just going to tease it with that today. Those of you that go to Analyst Day, we'll get to see what that is. But we've built some really incredible technology once the vehicle gets there, that makes us more efficient, allows us to get the right condition of the car, expedite.
And then last but not least, the size and scope of our marketplace. Obviously, one of the fastest-growing marketplace companies means that you're going to have broader reach than the traditional local auction. So we've got buyers all over the country who love the ACV Condition Report. They would love to buy every car used in ACV Condition Report, and we're going to able to leverage the Dealer Wholesale side and dealer scale to now take that buyer base and bring them commercial vehicles.

Peter Kirk Lukas

Very helpful. And then, I guess, just staying on that topic, just how many acquisitions are you looking at this year in terms of how many would be greenfields? And is -- what are you seeing in the market overall? Is it getting easier or harder to acquire locations?

George Chamoun

Yes. This is going to be a really exciting year for ACV because we will end the year with our first greenfield location. Our software and technology services will be ready for the back half of the year. And we'll be ready to break ground, very exciting for ACV there could still be M&A this year or next year. We're not banking on it.
Of course, we're talking to folks whether something happens or not, but we're going to assume moving forward that if we want to be in a market and there isn't someone to acquire, we're just going to go ahead and open up a greenfield. When we look at the cost for rent, the rent costs are really manageable for what we need. So all we need to do is basically rent the location, put up the right reconditioning facilities, bring the tech that we have, and we're up and running. And we're really excited to have at least one up and running by the end of this year.

Bill Zerella

Bob, and I would add. Obviously, if we're successful with greenfield rollout that could and should dramatically reduce our capital requirements, right, from an M&A perspective. So we're kind of anxious to move forward. And as George said, by the end of the year, we have our first greenfield up and running.
And then we'll also better be able to gauge what our capital requirements really will be since a lot of investors have asked us that question. And it really depends upon the mix between M&A and greenfield. But having our first greenfield up and running, we'll give us a little more clarity in that regard.

Operator

Nick Jones, JMP Securities.

Nicholas Jones

Can you just remind us how you are thinking about pricing in the business? Is that still a lever you could pull on? How are you thinking about it kind of strategically? And how are kind of competitors behaving today?

George Chamoun

Yes. Thanks, Nick. Yes, great question. We're still -- our price -- our fees are still a little bit lower than the competitors. So we do have a little room for this year.
That's how we're thinking about it at this point. But obviously, for competitive reasons, I don't want to shed too much more about it on a call like this, but we do have a little room for the year.

Bill Zerella

Yes, I would just add, Nick, I mean, if you look at the numbers for last year, our marketplace ARPU was up 9%, right, as a result of some of the price increases that we were able to pass through. So we're certainly assuming a lower percentage of increase in our model for this year.

Nicholas Jones

Got it. And then if I could -- I think you said on the call about half of dealers are transacting on the platform I think you normally update those numbers on the K. I guess we can wait for that to get those unless you can disclose them now. But can you speak to the stickiness of the businesses using the Marketplace? I mean how should we think about churn and just kind of the overall behavior of the users.
It sounds like the churn is extremely low. If negligible, and it's really about kind of shifting wallet share. Can you just help us understand as you plan to gain share? How are folks responding to the platform as the years go by.

George Chamoun

Yes. Nick, I mean, the way to think about our retention is in the markets we've been at the longest in the Northeast, and you'll start to see some of this -- we've built very substantial market share. The market share we have in our early markets is very significant. And so when you -- it gives us great confidence that even the markets where we've been at for eight, nine years, we've continued to grow share.
You only can keep growing share if you're retaining our early customers. So I'll point to that, and I'll point to not only what you see in the 8-K, but also on Analyst Day, I believe we're going to show a couple of slides that shows how we've grown in some of these markets. And that will kind of bring out what you're looking for, which is we're not only bringing on new participants. We've grown our share, and our wallet share with early participants.

Operator

John Colantuoni, Jefferies.

John Colantuoni

Just doing some back of the envelope math suggests full year outlook embeds something like mid-teens organic unit growth given you're expecting the wholesale market to be flat next year. I'm wondering if that mid-teens growth is the right way to think about ACV's normalized level of growth. And as part of that, I'm wondering if you could talk to the key growth vectors that could unlock incremental growth over time. And, I have a follow-up.

Bill Zerella

John, I'll start and then I'll let George add in. So you're correct. We are assuming mid-teens unit growth, which is basically essentially market share gains. That's very consistent with what we've seen last year and frankly, on average the last few years. So that is an embedded assumption.
So that's correct. And that's pretty consistent with what we've been saying, I think, for quite some time now. I don't know, George, if you want to add to that?

George Chamoun

Yes. I think if you look at -- if you look at a way to think about how the year started January versus February, it's sort of funny how you can start the year -- and have two different climates. January was very strong for us. And it was strong because we kept taking share, but also Dealer Wholesale was up a little bit. And that was nice.
So if we do see a good tailwind, and we see less concerned on affordability, and we see consumers going back and buying cars like we saw in parts of the fourth quarter, then we -- that could be great for us. Right.
Because we're just going to assume our execution assume the market is flat. But yes, we can see some of these market conditions change. which that would be helpful. Number two, that will be out of our control. Within our control is some of our new value-added services on pricing and helping dealers with trades and appraisals, for example, and you'll see some of this on Analyst Day.
But we've got new tools that help dealers buy cars in their service drive. We're starting to win customers for wholesale because of these new products. So this bundle you've all been hearing us talk about for a long time is getting very exciting. Our other part of our bundle with ACV Max. We could now predict the price of a car within a few hundred dollars of what it's going to sell for in retail and within $100 of what it's going to sell for in wholesale -- like that guidance, when we say that to a dealer, first, they think we're crazy.
Because if you put -- if you took all their general managers and used car managers put them in a room and said, you could predict the price within a few hundred dollars -- like that's impossible. And with these legacy tools, our competitors have, you can't do any of this. So we feel great. Having said that, these tools are new. Our bundles are still on early adoption.
We don't want to -- as bullish I am about where we're going and how I think AI will change automotive forever, and it could be quickly, but there's still humans out there who have to make decisions and who have to change. So we'll see how fast, right? We'll see dealers go from the old tools and the old ways -- to these modern ways. But to give you two vast ways we could do better, would be the market getting better or we get even a higher, faster take rate for our broader value-added services. Either one of those could help us have an even more exciting year.

John Colantuoni

Great. And I was curious to just get your perspective on what you're seeing on the competitive front? And as part of that, maybe just give us your perspective on Carvana's plans to expand ADESA Clear?

George Chamoun

I mean, listen, I think you shall do your own homework. I don't think most dealers are going to embrace some of these products like others are saying. You've heard a lot of things kind of we talked about in this industry. So I'm not going to really speak to them. But we're -- we feel great about what we're doing.
We're a neutral party. We're independent. We get a tremendous amount of data from our Dealer Partners. We're launching a broader value-added service offering. We're actually starting to get wholesale commitments from dealers.
That's a new thing because of our broad suite of offerings. So whether it's the company you mentioned or other competitors, you're always going to have competitors. So the question is who should the dealers partner with right. That's what the investors should be asking. That's what dealers should be asking is.
Who should dealers partner with? And we feel like we're in a great spot to be the right partner for dealers and commercial partners, with the suite of offerings we're bringing to the market.

Operator

Rajat Gupta, JPMorgan.

Rajat Gupta

Just wondering like if there is an update you could provide us on ACV Max and the CleanCar combo. And just in terms of adoption and just go-forward plans to scale? Clearly, when you were at the NADA show, it looked like ACV MAX in particular, was definitely like a significant improvement in mind share. So just curious if you're starting to see any inflection there in adoption, just contribution? And then how integral are these products to your midterm targets?
And I have a quick follow-up.

George Chamoun

Yes. Thanks, Rajat I mean it's a great question. So you've obviously been doing some of your homework. We are -- I would say we're finally like arriving as a brand for dealers and a consideration on these data services. Obviously, there was incumbents, right.
So we are in a way the new player for these data services, ACV Max and CleanCar. The reception we are getting is incredible. We recently won a dealer group, a regional dealer group with over 30 rooftops, which we're really excited about. Now -- when you look at those 30 rooftops, it doesn't materially change our revenue for the year. But when you look at what we get per month in subscription.
But what it does do is we're now helping them price their wholesale and their retail cuts. We're advancing them. They're now in the sort of AI era powered by ACV AI. And a way to think about this, is that dealership to us is worth a lot more than $1,000 to $2,000 a month of subscription.
So we're -- when you look at -- if we were able to get 20 wholesale cars a month or more. It's a really important partnership, and they know that. And they know we're really leaning in and we're giving them an incredible product offering for very low subscription. So a way to think about our data services is they're quite inexpensive, right? We're not charging a lot.
We're not banking on a huge SaaS business here right now. That's not at least in the midterm plans. But what it's enabling is an incredible partnership where they also make a commitment at wholesale. And when you have that, that's treated like a partnership. When you're treated like a partner, you get invited to their annual meetings, your quarterly meetings.
I've recently been invited to -- where the owner has brought me in to speak to all the GMs, all the used car managers like we're becoming a real intimate partner. Other vendors can't say that. Some of the other auction companies, marketplace companies that we discussed earlier. They really can't say that. So a long-winded way to say, we like our position.
We don't have a huge expectation in revenue on the SaaS side. As Bill and I have discussed, we look at this as a way to build partnerships, but we feel great on where we're at.

Rajat Gupta

Got it. That's helpful. And then just like a couple of levers in the form of Off-platform Financing and Transportation Services. any appetite you incrementally mean into these verticals in '25? Or will it be more gradual in terms of contribution there?

George Chamoun

It's actually another great question. Listen, we have it in us to grow ACV transportation faster, the cost we have one person selling ACV Transport to the stand-alone. So just full disclosure, we have one person selling ACVs Transport off network right now. That's not a huge go-to-market spend. So we first and foremost wanted to get the product ready, and you know our style. We tend to stay in like these beta periods for a while where we just want it to be right.
So we don't have on your first one -- the transfer. We don't really have an off outside of our closed market. So we've grown that primarily within the ACV auctions -- and word of mouth, word-to-mouth has been great. I'm not sure this year or next year, we'll start to lean in a little bit more. Maybe we'll add a couple more sales folks to sell off network.
But that's a great offering that we've got it in us to do it. And because our margin profile is healthy there, and it's great. Our product is more differentiated then probably I even realized, I guess, I'm going to get off the topic here for a second.
I'm walking down -- I'm going down I'm getting off the elevator at NADA, and a dealer team up to me and said, you have no idea how great ACV Transport is, and he pitched me on transport and why. He's now using ACV Transport to do his retail cars to do his store to store from Ohio to Pennsylvania. And it was so cool hearing a dealer pitch me of my own product, probably better than I could.
On capital, we just started ACV Capital. We did just start to lean. I think we added a couple of more sales folks were I'm looking at the cost to confirm we've done that. We feel really, really good we're ready to now start to do more. We feel really good about our new platform on capital and how we're managing risk for growth.
We're still, I would say, a bit cautious. We still deny more dealers than we accept on -- but we feel really good about this year that we can start to grow capital a little bit faster. Bill?

Bill Zerella

Yes. I would just add on ACV Capital, Rajat, that we've talked about the investments we've made over the last couple of years in terms of our platform and our loan management system and infrastructure. We're now in a position where we also have a really good team in terms of managing risk. Team has done an excellent job. So we feel really good about being able to ramp ACV Capital faster this year, and we're certainly baking into our OpEx growth, making sure we have the right go-to-market team in place to support that.

Operator

Naved Khan, B. Riley.

Naved Khan

George, maybe you can maybe talk about conversion rate in the fourth quarter, how that trended year-on-year and sequentially and the drivers for that? And the third question I have is on transportation margin. It looks like it was a pretty strong fourth quarter because you had a pretty nice year-on-year uptake for the full year. I think you said you're above the target of high teens. So to assume you're close to 20%, and you can maybe sustain those levels? Just thoughts there.

George Chamoun

Yes. On your first question, that's right. Q4 conversion rates were slightly up, which was nice. So that did end up being a nice little tailwind for us. We obviously, in our business, a conversion rate, it is helpful, right, when you have conversion rate up a little bit higher than you're forecasting. So you're right on.
And your second question, the -- (inaudible) when you look at why and transport, one reason why you transport margins are better and faster is what we're starting to do in bundling. And we're still early on this bundling vehicles. But if you look at it, you've got to move, a car is going from place A to place B, and it's going to cost you $250 or $300 to move that car.
And we already have a truck going in that direction. One of the hardest thing about these one-off moves for transport and probably for somebody that's done their research about the old ways to buy cars versus the new ways is this thought process of, if I can put more than one car in a truck, it does start to get your transport costs down.
Well, we've been able to pass savings to our dealers on ACV Transport while improving our margins. And we're early in this bundling. But we are growing. You can see it in our numbers. ACV Transport getting popular, not only on ACV auctions, but off our little closed network here.
The more -- the bigger we get in transport the more bundling we'll be able to do. And this won't be overnight, right? Like bundling will take us probably like the next two years to get bundling to be a real significant percentage, but it could get there. And so it's just -- it's great because, again, it's two benefits, both the dealers seeing a lower cost and also our margins are increasing.

Bill Zerella

Yes. Naved, we will speak a bit about kind of an updated view in terms of margin expectations for the transport business at our Analyst Day in March. So stay tuned for that.

Operator

Curtis Nagle, Bank of America.

Curtis Nagle

Just one on I guess the shape of margins for the year. So I guess why would 1Q margins be lower than the full year rate by, I think, almost half, maybe not quite, when the revenue growth is a decent bit higher than 1Q than full year. Is this just maybe reflecting kind of basic seasonality. I think midyear is typically stronger or perhaps the arc of investments? Just any help on that would be great.

Bill Zerella

Yes, sure. This is Bill. So -- so a couple of things. So first, Q1 is when we have the largest trade show of the year for the company, NADA, which the industry is kind of the biggest event. So that does kind of bake into every Q1.
So you sort of have that drag, if you will, on OpEx. There is also -- it's also a function of timing of investments. So we made some increased investments in Q4 that kind of support growth for next year or for this year, rather, that could start flowing through in Q1. So you sort of have some distortion there.
But I wouldn't frankly read that much into the differential by quarter. It's just not that significant. Based on our guidance, we're growing adjusted EBITDA, 130% year-on-year in Q1 versus 150% for the year. So that 20% differential is, frankly, not a large dollar amount. So there's a little bit of distortion there, in that regard. So I wouldn't read too much into it.

Curtis Nagle

Okay. Fair enough. And then just maybe going back to the point on wholesale volumes flat, it sounds like a bunch of scenarios that are being contemplated. But I guess anything in terms of kind of how you're thinking about, again, kind of the shape of the year right. Start negative, turn positive? Or just sort of, I guess, generally assuming the industry is kind of flat within some range for the year as a whole?

George Chamoun

Yes. I mean we're -- I mentioned some of this earlier, but I'll try to give a little more color. Yes. So when you think about the year, January was very strong. It showed us a picture of what if we did get to see [little] optimism this year, if you kind of think about like the higher side of our range, right, would be like the whole year is more like January.
That would be great. But February, whether it was weather, whether was other factors. I think weather was probably a big part of it, but there's other factors you're seeing out there. And when we talk to dealers, they don't think it's just weather. I think there's some -- they're just wondering how much of this is consumers also.
So we just thought with everything going on in the world that it just -- it doesn't make sense for us to predict to predict anything outside of our own control. So really, the thought is go right down the middle. And it's really ironic that the year had started out this way, with such an incredible January, and such a mixed February that it almost -- gave us the confidence of saying, you know what, this let's just give our investors what we know right now. Focus and we can control and try to take the market out of it as best as we can.

Operator

Josh Beck, Raymond James.

Josh Beck

Maybe two parter. So on the inventory, I think you said it was kind of 25% below pre-COVID levels. Is it likely to kind of remain in that zone for the year? And then maybe in '26 and beyond, we start to see that improve. But just curious there.
And then I know this is probably a little unfair just because there's so many scenarios going around. But if we were to get some heavy new auto tariffs, would it widen that affordability gap versus used cars and be helpful? I mean, you could obviously argue that in a lot of ways. But any scenario analysis, you can just help us think through tariff scenarios would be helpful as well.

George Chamoun

Yes, certainly. On your first question, we -- if -- let's first assume -- let's pretend tariff conversations weren't here on your first question, and then we'll try to entertain both of your questions with and without tariffs. Without tariffs, I would have thought there would be a steady improvement throughout the year, like ending the year like it was only 10% to 15% and eventually going into next year, again, we're all guessing. But I would have thought we would have steady improvement. Dealers starting to gain more used cars.
So I think we'll see some of them buying more cars from consumers. I think we're behind the scenes. We're doing more. Folks like ACV and others are doing more for them to buy. So I would have thought there would have been a slight improvement throughout the year, not a big bang. It would be like improved a little bit each month type of thing.
Your second question, obviously, I think everybody in a lot of different industries is trying to figure out is tariffs. Like what could this mean? I think the first question is how do OEMs respond I think in the past, the full cost both to their dealers and consumers, knowing there's already some affordability challenges. Some of these OEMs still have healthy margins, right, that they could consider not passing all of it. So I think that though balance new car inventory on dealers lots -- are back to historical levels.
And with some of the OEMs, new car inventory is actually higher than historical levels. So OEMs are going to have to -- if the tariffs truly come in, they're going to have to get creative. I think we're going to see lease payments and other things, and they're going to be thinking, okay, I'll assume a higher residual value or whatever they're going to assume. They can't just force the dealers to have more cars on their lots and pay these high floor plan fees, it's going to be tricky, to figure out. And so I'm first starting with the OEM, before the dealer, before the consumer.
And then you kind of flow that through if the tariffs were passed either in any meaningful way to the consumer, then obviously, new retail could be impacted, at least for the brands that are priced higher, maybe the brands that are priced lower would be less impacted. I hate to have all these ifs, right? It's just a tough topic to go through.
And then when you think on the flip side of all that, you as your point, dealers might have to keep a few more trades, so that would be the negative. But our on our platform, marketplace conversion, if dealers cut more trades, marketplace conversion actually they go up. So we would probably get more efficient. So if it hits supply in a meaningful way, all of a sudden, we get more efficient. You guys saw a couple of quarters where we had really crazy conversion rates in COVID.
So those are a lot of this, with all this stuff going on in the world, some of the analysts had the market recovering quite a bit this year, right in their assumptions for the ACV model for this year. We're telling you all is whatever your assumptions were last year, that was before all this tariff craziness as going out there, all these other craziness out there assume a flat market, so we're going to focus on weaker control. And I think we're going to be in good shape.

Operator

Nad we have reached the end of the question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Tim Fox for closing remarks.

Timothy Fox

Great. Thank you, and thanks, everybody, for joining us on the call today. We look forward to seeing those of you who can join us live in New York on March 11. And if not, obviously, we'll have a webcast available. And once again, thank you for your interest in ACV, and have a great evening.

Operator

And ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.