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Lorie Tekorius

Thank you, Justin, and congratulations on your anniversary. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. First, I want to emphasize Greenbrier's strong performance in our second quarter ended February 28, 2025. The -- Specifically, core net earnings of $56 million or $1.73 per share, excluding convertible debt dilution is higher on a sequential basis than Q1 on $100 million less of revenue. This reflects our continued focus on operating efficiency as further demonstrated by our impressive aggregate gross margin of 18.2%. And -- this is our sixth consecutive quarter delivering aggregate gross margins at or above the mid-teens target we established two years ago.
Second, is important to mention that our North American operations are US MCA compliance. It's a bit of an understatement to say that the macroeconomic landscape has been noisy and dominated by fluctuating rhetorics and actions on trade policies and tariffs. But to be clear, our products have not been the target of proposed or enacted tariffs. However, tariffs are impacting the cost of our inputs, predominantly steel, important structural changes in how our customers operate.
Thanks to our excellent procurement team, we have confidence in our ability to protect margins from the most immediate impact on our supply chain. In fact, we've raised our full year aggregate gross margin guidance as well as our guidance for operating margin despite lowering our delivery and revenue guidance. We are working collaboratively with our customers and business partners to strategize and provide solutions for their freight rail transport requirements. For now, railcar utilization remained steady.
It's important to reiterate that Greenbrier has a very long history and has operated through a variety of macro backdrops. We have an experienced and agile team and will flex our manufacturing capacity as necessary to rapidly respond to changes in demand while maximizing our operating efficiency.
Building on the capacity rationalization initiatives begun in 2023, we've been reviewing our production capacity and footprint in Europe. An outcome of this analysis will be the rationalization of one facility in Romania. We are aware that this is a consequential decision that impacts our employees, customers and the community. However, this is part of our long-term strategy in Europe, which will reduce costs and improve our competitive position. This also means we'll experience reduced deliveries from our European facilities in the second half of fiscal 2025.
We -- over the longer term, our aggregate production capacity will remain the same or higher as we continue to invest in the remaining locations. Our global new railcar backlog remains robust at over 20,000 units, which provides excellent visibility for managing our production lines and volume, and it gives us a reliable revenue outlook. We expect a slight reduction in aggregate gross margin during the back half of this fiscal year, but we expect to remain solidly in the mid-teens as we leverage the operating efficiencies gained over the last two years.
Our team is laser focused on delivering strong performance and operating efficiency gains through the hard work and dedication that has historically enabled Greenbrier to achieve an uncertain environment. I want to acknowledge the amazing progress being made on our in-sourcing initiatives in Mexico. I visited our team last week and was able to see firsthand the incredible work that will provide benefits in various demand environments. I remain extremely optimistic about our future. Our leasing and fleet management operation continues to take a disciplined approach to growing our lease fleet, which provides predictable revenue and cash flow across market conditions.
And lastly, I'm pleased to report an increase of our quarterly dividend by nearly 7% to $0.32 per share. This demonstrates the continued confidence of our Board and leadership in our long-term strategy, affirming our commitment to return value to our shareholders while investing in the business.
And with that, I'll turn the call over to Brian, who will discuss our operating activities in greater detail.

Brian Comstock

Thanks, Lorie, and good afternoon. In Q2, we delivered 5,500 new railcars in a healthy manufacturing gross margin of 13.6%. While our mix had a similar profile to Q1 margins, were modestly lower due to production changes and the costs associated with closing a facility in Europe. I am pleased with the focus and performance of the manufacturing business over the last several quarters.
The leasing team continues to perform well. The size of Greenbrier's lease fleet was effectively unchanged from the prior quarter, reflecting the timing of additions to the fleet as well as the disciplined nature of our approach. Our intention to invest up to $300 million annually on a net basis remains unchanged, and -- provided that the railcar fleet additions meet our return criteria.
Recurring revenue reached $157 million over the last four quarters, representing 39% growth from our starting point just two years ago. Customers are holding on to leased railcars and lease renewals and rate increases continue to be strong. We entered fiscal 2025 with about 10% of our leases up for renewal and successfully renewed more than half of those in the first two quarters.
Given the ongoing strength in the leasing market, we are confident that we will successfully renew or remarket the balance of these units. We expect leasing fundamentals to remain strong this year because of limited equipment supply and builder production discipline. We syndicated 800 units in the quarter, generating good liquidity and margins. And we expect syndication activity to accelerate in the back half of the year. The timing of syndication activity is primarily tied to customer delivery requirements and production scheduling.
Turning to the new railcar market, Greenbrier secured orders of 3,100 units, worth nearly $400 million in the quarter. Our pipeline remains robust, but inquiries have been slow to translate into orders as customers have been waiting clarity on US trade policy. With some clarity now established, we are talking with customers about the rail equipment needs in this environment. Railcar users and owners are experiencing a range of impacts from negligible to significant.
As we manage through this transition, Greenbrier is doing what we have always done in uncertain times, listening. We are actively listening to our customers, our suppliers and everyone in the value chain. Greenbrier's history demonstrates that when we listen to our business partners and work collaboratively to accommodate their needs, we emerge stronger.
In the meantime, our global backlog remains strong at 20,400 units with an estimated value of $2.6 billion, providing significant revenue visibility and allowing us to manage our production rates in lines efficiently. The maintenance market is expected to remain solid this year and next. Programmatic railcar restoration activity that isn't included in our backlog will become a more meaningful contributor to our results over the next two years as the industry faces peak tank car requalifications.
In fiscal 2025, we will perform these activities on several thousand units and expect requalifications to continue at a healthy pace for the next few years. These activities are not just accretive to Greenbrier, they allow us to utilize our capacity efficiently. Railcar restoration and requalification work can be performed at either our manufacturing facilities or our maintenance locations depending on various factors. This provides us significant flexibility to maximize the use of our existing footprint.
I would also highlight that the average age of the North American fleet is over 20 years, the highest level in a decade. This speaks to both the need for maintenance services for older railcars and the potential demand for new railcars that is suppressed in the market today.
In Europe, the change in US foreign policy has galvanized European leaders to commit to a significant expansion in defense and infrastructure spending. We remain confident in the medium- and long-term prospects for the European economic recovery and the freight rail industry that will be needed to support it.
In Brazil, we observed an increase in demand that aligns with our expectations as customers finalize infrastructure investments and transition to purchasing railcars. Brazil stands to benefit from US tariff activity as trading routes are reordered and we expect benefits to the freight rail sector.
Additionally, the Brazilian government has increased the import tax from 11.2% to 30% for all railcars produced outside of Brazil, creating a significant barrier of entry of foreign products. Overall, we expect to navigate short-term market weakness and deliver strong performance as Greenbrier continues to successfully implement its strategic plan.
And with that, I'll hand the call over to Michael.

Michael Donfris

Thank you, Brian. I will cover our second quarter financial highlights and key drivers as well as update the fiscal year 2025 guidance. As Justin mentioned, you can find our earnings release and supplemental slides on our website.
I'm pleased with our financial results in the second quarter as we delivered strong performance and continue to focus on our operating efficiency. We've made meaningful improvements across the business and have been building on our operating momentum. On a year-over-year basis, second quarter core operating earnings and net income have grown 42% and 68%, respectively, reflecting the strength and successful execution of our strategic plan. Greenbrier remains in a strong financial position.
Revenue in the quarter of $762 million was in line with our expectations. Deliveries of 5,500 new railcars reflect sequential decreases in North America and Europe, resulting from the timing of syndication activities and production changes. We expect deliveries to remain at this level with the midpoint of our guidance, averaging around 5,500 units per quarter during the second half of the year.
With a favorable product mix, our continued focus on maximizing operating efficiency while growing our leasing business, aggregate gross margin remained strong at 18.2%. And -- these improvements were partially offset by a $2 million impact related to our European footprint rationalization. Operating income reached nearly $84 million or 11% of revenue, although it was reduced by over $6 million in European footprint rationalization costs.
Our tax rate of 32% was higher than anticipated due to discrete items related to the Mexican peso. Excluding the impact of European facility rationalization costs, core diluted EPS was $1.69. It's worth noting that diluted EPS this quarter also includes approximately 900,000 shares related to our 2028 convertible debt. Our average share price exceeded the $55 strike price, causing additional shares to be included in the diluted share count, an impact of $0.04 per share. And finally, we generated core EBITDA of $124 million or 16.3% of revenue.
For the 12 months ending February 28, 2025, our return on invested capital, ROIC, was 12.4%, marking a 120 basis point sequential increase and within our 2026 target range of 10% to 14% that was announced two years ago. The continuing improvement in ROIC reflects the enhanced operating and capital efficiency generated by the execution of our Better Together strategy.
Moving on to our balance sheet. Greenbrier's liquidity grew $203 million from our previous quarter to over $750 million. This consisted of $264 million in cash and $488 million in available borrowing capacity. We generated approximately $94 million in operating cash flow for the quarter, driven by strong operating performance and working capital efficiencies. As we look towards the remainder of the fiscal year, we expect liquidity to continue to increase, driven by strong operating results, working capital efficiency and increased borrowing capacity.
Switching to capital allocation. We remain disciplined and committed to returning capital to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share buybacks. We -- Greenbrier's Board of Directors approved a dividend increase from $0.30 a share to $0.32 a share, representing a 7% increase. This is our 44th consecutive quarterly dividend and is a direct reflection of the confidence we have in our business.
Additionally, we have $100 million remaining in our share repurchase authorization. We remain committed to creating long-term shareholder value and will continue to utilize this capacity opportunistically and within a framework of our broader capital allocation strategy.
Finally, we are updating our guidance for fiscal 2025. We are raising aggregate gross margin percent, 100 basis points to the range of 17% to 17.5% and -- from the 16% to 16.5% initially provided. We are also raising operating margin percent 100 basis points to a range of 10.2% to 10.7% from original range of 9.2% to 9.7%. New railcar delivery guidance has narrowed to a range of 21,500 units to 23,500 units.
Revenue is expected to be between $3.15 billion to $3.35 billion. The revenue and delivery adjustments are primarily a result of our facility rationalization in Europe and production changes in North America. Investments in manufacturing are expected at $120 million. Gross investment in leasing has been reduced to $300 million and partially offset by proceeds of equipment sales of $60 million. Updated guidance reflects better visibility into our mix and disposition of our production plan for the second half of fiscal 2025.
In conclusion, I'm very pleased with our second quarter results as we continue to execute our strategy, control what we can control, drive operating efficiencies and balance our capital allocation, ensuring value creation for our shareholders. Our outlook for fiscal 2025 remains positive, and I'm confident in our ability to continue executing our strategy.
Now we'll open it up for questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions)
Ken Hoexter, Bank of America.

Ken Hoexter

Brian, Michael Lorie and Justin congrats on 19 years. Can you talk a little bit about the downshift in the production? Is that solely -- it sounded like, Lorie, you were saying it's not due to the closure in Europe, you can maintain that. Is that is that shift down to 5,000 units in the back half of the year quarterly? Is that just due to decreased demand? I just want to understand what the message on the lower the units increased the margin opportunity is?

Lorie Tekorius

Sure, Ken. And sorry, I thought was a little bit confusing. So there will be a short-term impact on our deliveries out of Europe, which is reducing our expectation for the second half of 2025. We are also adjusting some of our production rates or lines here in North America based on as we manage our backlog and collaborate with our customers on when they need deliveries. And so that's another adjustment to the second half delivery expectations.
That said, as you mentioned, we are increasing our aggregate gross margin and our operating margin expectations. So this is part of what our focus has been is to drive more through to the bottom line in a variety of markets.

Ken Hoexter

Wonderful. I mean great job. I mean you definitely talked about the insourcing and executing on that. So I guess, just maybe switching over to the leasing for a second. Can you talk about the -- well, on the production, any -- is there -- I think you opened up with comments about the tariffs?
Is there something we should expect in terms of costs? I know it's a full pass-through in terms of if you're shifting from Europe to Mexico. I guess, is there any impact on tariffs? And then any impact on the falling rates on the returns for leasing?

Lorie Tekorius

So I'll let Brian speak to kind of what he's seeing from a pricing perspective on our leasing. We are not shifting anything. So our European facilities produce equipment primarily for the Western European market. We are not transferring anything from Europe over to North America.
When I think about North America and I think about the tariffs, just to reinforce, we are not subject to tariffs because we're US MCA compliant. But certainly, the uncertainty in the market is being a headwind to demand around -- for some of our customers -- customers, particularly as they think through how this might impact traffic patterns.
As you mentioned, we've navigated escalations and tariffs in the past, and our contracts do include pass-through language. That said, we'll continue to work with our customers to navigate and mitigate any impacts from tariffs.

Brian Comstock

Yes. Ken, I'll jump in and address the leasing second, but I just want to hit off what Lorie just said is at the end of the day, we don't expect really any negative tariff implication on any of the pricing in the backlog. Obviously, we're going to work with our customers to the extent it makes sense, but we have plenty of tools in the toolkit that protect us from the downside.
On the leasing, there's an interesting opportunity as interest rates fall. And as we watch spreads, we will react accordingly. But keep in mind that all of our debt on our leasing fleet is fixed at this point. So that provides kind of a floor, but we do have some options, some call options where we could take advantage of the market should it present itself.
As far as rates themselves go, we have seen kind of a leveling at very high levels. We don't see any retraction at this point. I think you see that from a lot of the other leasing companies as well, that lease rates and discipline around lease rates holding are holding quite well, in fact.

Ken Hoexter

Just -- I don't want to dominate, but just a quick follow-up there. You mentioned the pricing on the new build is holding steady. I just want to understand because the -- I guess the average sell price just looking at the $400 million and the $3.1 billion in backlog, it seems to be -- I'm sorry, 3,100 new cars added, would be about 129,000 ASP per car, which would be down 6% sequentially. So you're saying that, that is just solely mix and not anything on price?

Brian Comstock

Yes. It truly is, Ken. You saw a big buildup of auto as auto was coming out of COVID, that is kind of retracted with some of this tariff discussion. But what's happened is we've seen a shift really to a lot of the domestic tech products. So we've seen a lot of orders and inquiries around coiled steel cars, gondolas for scrap, pipe cars for hauling pipe for the drill initiative that's going on in the US, petrochemical tanks, really tanks of all description. So you're kind of moving from that big auto car kind of into more of your tank car guns, and hoppers.

Operator

Harrison Bauer, Susquehanna.

Harrison Bauer

Great. Your working capital investment in leased railcars held for syndication rose each of the last two quarters. How are your customers in the syndication channel reacting to this uncertain environment? And how much visibility do you have into syndication sales over the next few quarters?

Brian Comstock

Yes. So I'll take the first part, and I don't Michael or Lorie if you guys want to jump in. It's Brian, Harrison. So the syndication market continues to be very robust and liquid. We've got a number of transactions that are teed up, one of which was delayed by about two weeks is only because of some of their funding on the back end, but we have plenty of partners in place that are still wanting these good long-lived good return assets.

Lorie Tekorius

You said exactly what I was going to say, Brian. I mean the -- our investors, our syndication partners, they look at these assets. These are 40 to 50 year lived assets, and they're coming with a lease that is long term in nature as well. So they look past anything that might be happening in the current environment. .

Justin Roberts

And the only thing I would add, Harrison, this is Justin real quick. It also comes down to timing of when we actually build the cars. So you have kind of churn intra-quarter and then you build the cars, but we also are not going to be selling cars like partway through a schedule or partly through a job. So it really is just timing. There is no change there, and we continue to see a very liquid market with strong appetite for good leases.

Harrison Bauer

Great. And maybe on the secondary market, more broadly and how that's behaving. Anything specific on the price of lease attached cars, market depth and liquidity that would be helpful.

Brian Comstock

Yes. The secondary market continues to be very strong. We -- I think I addressed in my opening remarks that we had about 10% of our fleet. We've got 55% of that renewed already. And everything that we're looking at right now in the queue, we've got good, strong renewal interest rates are holding well. We're not seeing much degradation at all. So I feel very confident.
And again, you think about it, the fleet is really compressed over the last few years since COVID. I think we're down a couple of hundred thousand cars from the national total. We're under 1 million, and we used to be over 1.1 million to 1.2 million cars. I think we're around 900,000. So the fleet is really tight, is my point, and it's getting older. So it's -- I think it bodes well for both new originations as well as renewals on the existing fleet.

Operator

Ken Hoexter, Bank of America.

Ken Hoexter

Just want to squeeze a follow-up in. In the release, you kind of lowered CapEx. Can you maybe talk a little bit about what's being pulled out?

Michael Donfris

Yes, I can. This is Michael. We've got better visibility to the back half of the year. It's really just having a good idea of what our production schedule looks like and what we're going to do from a syndication standpoint. So I wouldn't read anything into that. We're still very, very much investing in the lease fleet and continue to kind of move forward with that.

Ken Hoexter

Okay. So the lease fleet stays at the $300 million and so it's just pulling out of manufacturing?

Lorie Tekorius

No. We are pulling back a little bit on what we're investing in lease fleet this fiscal year. But again, that's timing associated with when cars are being produced and when they get capitalized onto the balance sheet. Our stated goal is up to $300 million. So it may vary depending on the environment and what the mix looks like in the portfolio that we have on our balance sheet. As Brian has said many times, we're taking a very disciplined approach, making certain that we're not getting overweight in any particular car type or with any particular customer or commodity that we're exposed to.

Operator

That concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Mr. Justin Roberts for any closing remarks.

Justin Roberts

Thank you very much for your time today. If you have any follow-up questions, please e-mail investorrelations@gbrx.com. Thanks, and have a good evening.

Operator

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.