(REUTERS/Asmaa Waguih)
Oil producers in the Middle East have been burned by the commodity's lower prices.
And this has people worried about a negative spillover effect into other economies.
For most non-oil producers in the region, including Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa, the benefits from lower oil prices outweigh (or, at least, offset) the negative effects from the weaker Gulf growth.
One country, however, looks to be in a particularly uncomfortable position: Egypt.
"Egypt ... looks vulnerable and a period of weaker remittances and, potentially, less official financing, will add to fears over the country's balance of payments position," Capital Economics' Jason Tuvey argued in a recent research note.
(Capital Economics)
As economic growth sputters in the Gulf, companies are laying off employees — many of whom are foreign workers. And this is problematic for Egypt, which is one of the more exposed countries to the Gulf slowdown and remittances from Egyptians working abroad.
Total remittances into Egypt are already falling by 15% year-over-year, according to data cited by Tuvey, which will squeeze individual households and their consumption. Plus, he estimates that every 10% drop in remittances from the Gulf leads to the current account balance to drop by about 0.4% to 0.8% of gross domestic product.
Moreover, there's also a geopolitical angle to Egypt's troubles, as Tuvey explains in his note (his emphasis):
Of course, since the Arab Spring uprisings in 2011 the Gulf countries have proven to be an important source of financial support for many countries in the region. Indeed, if it wasn't for the Gulf's provision of billions of dollars in grants, loans, and petroleum products, Egypt would almost certainly have faced an outright balance of payments crisis by now. But while lower oil prices may play a role at the margin, we suspect that the more important factor in determining the generosity of the Gulf countries will be regional politics. Indeed, it's worth noting that Saudi Arabia has been less forthcoming with financing for Egypt after Cairo supported Russia's intervention in Syria. And Saudi support for Lebanon has been cut-off amid concerns over the influence of Iran-backed Hezbollah within the Lebanese government.
(Capital Economics)
And on top of that, tourist arrivals have plunged dramatically since last year's downing of a Russian aircraft, which crashed on Egypt's Sinai Peninsula after taking off from Sharm el-Sheikh. Some flights to the country are still postponed.