It's official — the 2016 Word of the Year is 'dumpster fire'
Mark Abadi
(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)
It's a fitting end to one of the most chaotic years in recent memory.
"Dumpster fire" has been declared 2016's Word of the Year.
One word simply wasn't enough for the American Dialect Society, a group of linguists, lexicographers, and grammarians that voted on the award on Friday at its annual convention, held in Austin, Texas, this year.
The society's flagship event, once called "the Super Bowl of linguistics," aims to crown the word or phrase that defined the year and saw widespread or innovative usage.
Loosely defined as a poorly-handled or out-of-control situation, "dumpster fire" could apply to any number of consequential events that took place in 2016 — from a bitterly contested election that upended US politics as we know it, and a cataclysmic Brexit vote that sent shockwaves through Europe, to a series of tragic shootings and terrorist attacks and a seemingly endless list of high-profile celebrity deaths.
"As 2016 unfolded, many people latched on to dumpster fire as a colorful, evocative expression to verbalize their feelings that the year was shaping up to be a catastrophic one,” Ben Zimmer, chairman of the society's new words committee, said in a statement. "In pessimistic times, dumpster fire served as a darkly humorous summation of how many viewed the year’s events."
The metaphor first gained prominence among sports-radio hosts, Zimmer said, and eventually seeped its way into the mainstream by the time the presidential election was in full swing. The term was often depicted pictorially on Twitter with two emojis, a trashcan and a flame.
"Dumpster fire" edged out "woke" — an adjective suggesting a high level of social consciousness — in a run-off vote for the title. Coming in third was another word employed by the political left: "Normalize," meaning "to render normal that which was previously deemed beyond acceptable bounds."
And, yes, the linguists are aware that "dumpster fire" is in fact two words. But as Zimmer noted, anything considered a lexical item can win the title, meaning multi-word terms, hashtags and even emojis are all fair game.
In the category of "Political Word of the Year," top honors went to "post-truth" — defined as "belonging to a time in which facts matter less than beliefs or emotions."
But politically-charged words creeped into other categories as well. "Gaslight," a verb meaning to manipulate someone psychologically by causing them to question their own sanity, won the superlative "Most Useful." The word spiked in usage during the presidential campaign to describe the actions of Republican lawmakers and Trump surrogates, who often contradicted Trump in TV interviews.
(Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.Reuters)
Meanwhile, "locker-room banter" took home the dubious honor of "Euphemism of the Year."
The Trump campaign made use of the phrase to dismiss the nominee's lewd language following the leak of an Access Hollywood tape in October. Coming up short in that category was "alt-right," a catch-all descriptor for a faction of ultra-conservatives with white nationalist or anti-Semitic ideologies.
In the category of "Digital Word of the Year" the symbol @ — used as a verb, as in "Don't @ me" — barely edged out "tweetstorm."
The American Dialect Society has voted on the Word of the Year annually since 1990. Previous winners include "Y2K" in 1999, "metrosexual" in 2003, and "occupy" in 2011. Last year's winner was "they," which gained traction as a gender-neutral, singular pronoun in 2015.
View all the nominees and winners below (winners in bold):
WORD OF THE YEAR dumpster fire: a poorly-handled or out-of-control situation normalize: render normal that which was previously deemed beyond acceptable bounds post-truth: belonging to a time in which facts matter less than feelings or emotions woke: socially aware or enlightened #NoDAPL: protest against construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline
POLITICAL WORD OF THE YEAR deplorables (basket of): epithet used by Clinton in speech about Trump supporters nasty woman: epithet used by Trump addressing Clinton in final presidential debate Pantsuit Nation: popular Facebook group for Clinton supporters post-truth: belonging to a time in which facts matter less than beliefs and emotions unpresidented: erroneous version of unprecedented in a tweet by Trump
DIGITAL WORD OF THE YEAR fam: one’s crew, squad, circle of friends, etc. Harambe: gorilla killed at Cincinnati Zoo, launching numerous tributes and memes tweetstorm: series of connected tweets about a particular subject, often a passionate rant @: (verb) reply on Twitter using the @ symbol
SLANG WORD OF THE YEAR fire: (adj.) cool, fun, stylish receipts: proof (as in "show me the receipts") slay: succeed, be excellent or amazing woke: socially aware or enlightened
MOST USEFUL/LIKELY TO SUCCEED chip: (verb) insert a bank card into an electronic chip reader (as opposed to swipe) gaslight: psychologically manipulate a person into questioning their own sanity normalize: render normal that which was previously deemed beyond acceptable bounds turn up: get excited, have fun, enjoy oneself
MOST CREATIVE -exit: combining form relating to departure, after Brexit (Calexit, Texit, Brangelexit) facticide: killing or distortion of facts gynotician: politician seen as interfering with women’s healthcare laissez-fairydust: magical effect brought upon by laissez-faire economics
EUPHEMISM OF THE YEAR alt-right: umbrella term for extremist racial ideologies including white nationalism and white supremacy fake news: misinformation, hoaxes, and propaganda, especially as spread on social media sites to boost web traffic locker-room banter: lewd, vulgar talk (used by Trump to downplay Access Hollywood tape) small/tiny hands: jab at hand size implying other anatomical deficiencies
WTF WORD OF THE YEAR bigly: in a significant manner (from widespread mishearing of Trump’s use of big-league) cuck, cuckservative: derisive term for mainstream Republicans by alt-right p---y: term for female genitalia used by Trump in Access Hollywood tape yuge: dialect pronunciation of huge used by Trump and Bernie Sanders
HASHTAG OF THE YEAR #blackgirlmagic: celebration of black women and their achievements #NoDAPL: protest against construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline #OscarsSoWhite: criticism of Academy Award nominees’ lack of diversity #p---ygrabsback: rallying cry responding to Trump’s "p---y" remark
EMOJI OF THE YEAR raising hands (celebration, praise) raised fist (fist pump, solidarity) upside-down face (silliness, sarcasm, irony) fire ("lit," exciting); dumpster fire