With reform momentum apparently stalling, a swift depreciation in the rupee and subdued export demand weighing heavily, Indian business confidence hit a one-and-a-half year low in September, according to a new survey.
The MNI India Business Sentiment Indicator, a gauge of sentiment among Bombay Stock Exchange-listed (BSE) companies, fell to 61.4 in September from 62.3 in August. It was the third consecutive month of decline. A reading above 50 shows expansion, whereas a reading below 50 indicates contraction.
"Growth in some of India's largest companies is being held back by the weakness in global demand and the negative impact of the rupee on operations," said Philip Uglow, chief economist of MNI Indicators, a market intelligence group owned by Deutsche Borse. Deutsche Borse provides data services to the BSE.
"Overall business confidence is back at the lows seen in 2014 while orders appear to have resumed their steady downward course."
Indian exports have suffered a sharp decline on weakness in foreign demand caused by tepid global growth. Merchandise exports plunged 20.7 percent in August, the quickest pace of decline in five months, marking the nine straight months of falling numbers.
Adding to this, a swift deprecation in the rupee, which has fallen almost 4 percent against the U.S. dollar in the past three months, has increased companies' import bills and made foreign loans more expensive to service.
The MNI India Business Sentiment Indicator is now 4.4 percent below the level seen at the start of 2015, and down 13.8 percent compared with September last year.
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Prime Minister Narendra Modi's sweeping election victory last May had fuelled a substantial rise in confidence, with expectations his government's pro-business policies would improve the business climate.
But progress on reforms has been slow, largely due to a lack of political support for the changes. Plans to relax rigid labor-market regulations, make it easier for businesses to acquire land and the implementation a nationwide goods and services tax (GST) have all hit roadblocks in the past month.
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With reform momentum stalling, a cut in interest rates could be the only boost for business confidence this year.
"RBI [Reserve Bank of India] action to lower rates this year has helped to reduce the extent of the downturn in business confidence, but with inflation low there is clear scope for the central bank to cut the key rate further at its late September meeting," Uglow said. "Such a move seems even more likely given the decision by the U.S. Federal Reserve to stand pat this month."