Small businesses located in black and Hispanic communities are less profitable, and have less liquidity than comparable establishments in white neighborhoods, according to a new report from the JPMorgan Chase Institute.

Released on Monday, the study examined roughly 1.4 million small businesses located in major cities like New York, Houston, and San Francisco. The research crunched the numbers of businesses over the course of 2013 to 2018.

Despite all the hurdles that small businesses face, over two-thirds were actually profitable, the data found. However, roughly a third of small businesses were unprofitable and 47% had two weeks or less of cash liquidity.

Chris Wheat, the study’s author and the institute’s director of research, told Yahoo Finance that it was surprising that so many small businesses had managed to achieve profitability — especially with “relatively small” cash buffers. What’s more, he said, liquidity figures are “consistently low.”

“Holding low levels of cash or having uncertain cash flows can be correlated with exit or low revenue growth,” Wheat explained.

While 29% of all small businesses examined were unprofitable, businesses located in majority black or Hispanic communities didn’t fare as well as their counterparts in majority white communities.

“In over 88 percent of majority black or Hispanic communities, the median profit margin is 15 percent or less,” the research found. “Only 35 percent of majority White communities have median profit margins below this threshold.”

In addition to lower profitability, small businesses in minority communities also didn’t have as large cash buffers as those in white neighborhoods.

Cash struggles with no clear explanation

The JPMorgan Chase study showed that within 94% of black neighborhoods and 89% of Hispanic ones, small businesses had less than 14 days of cash liquidity. In contrast, only 35% of white communities had establishments with such limited cash.

Wheat said the reasons why aren’t clear. However, he underscored minority business owners have the same “exit” rates as those in white neighborhoods, meaning they close at the same frequency as small businesses with fewer financial challenges.

The analyst pointed out that female-owned small businesses also have similar struggles with cash and growth, “but their exit rates were similar with men. We don’t have a full explanation to how they’re doing it.”

The issue is important, given the growing fears of a slowdown, and recent figures that suggest small business optimism is waning. Given the importance of independent businesses for the local economy, the struggles of minority establishments could have far-reaching effects.