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The FTSE 100, US and European stocks bounced into the green on Tuesday, regaining some lost ground from Monday's sea of red, as China hit out at Donald Trump's threat of further escalating tariffs.
While anxieties remain about Trump's global import duty policies, the prospect of US-Japan tariff talks lifted hopes for trade deals.
Other relationships are still uncertain: the US president threatened additional 50% duties on China beginning on Wednesday if the country did not scrap its plans for retaliatory tariffs, in what would be a major escalation of the trade war between the world's two biggest economies.
China called the threat of extra levies "blackmail", with its Ministry of Commerce saying it would take countermeasures to safeguard its interests.
“The US threat to escalate tariffs on China is a mistake on top of a mistake, which once again exposes the blackmail nature of the United States,” the ministry said in a statement. “China will never accept it. If the United States insists on its own way, China will fight to the end.”
Administration officials continued to offer mixed messages. Treasury secretary Scott Bessent hailed the start of a trade negotiation with Japan, while White House trade adviser Peter Navarro took to the Financial Times to say Trump's tariffs were "not a negotiation".
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The FTSE 100 (^FTSE) rose 2.6% by the closing bell. Engine maker Rolls Royce (RR.L) gained as much as 7.6%, having sold off on Monday amid trade anxieties surrounding the car sector. Defence stocks also surged.
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The DAX (^GDAXI) in Germany rose 2.5% while France's CAC 40 (^FCHI) was 2.6% higher.
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The pan-European Stoxx 600 (^STOXX) gained 2.8%.
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Sterling regained some ground against the dollar, having dropped towards the $1.27 mark from around $1.31 on Monday. Cable was 0.3% higher by the closing bell in Europe.
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US stocks were also in the green in early trade on the East coast. The Dow (^DJI) was up 2.1% by midday, the S&P 500 (^GSPC) jumped 2% and the tech-heavy Nasdaq (^IXIC) gained 2.4%.