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Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2024

Revenue from product sales and recycling services were $27.3 million, a 16% increase versus the $23.6 million generated in 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to increased recycling service revenue and higher volumes sold partially offset by decrease in product revenue as a result of product mix and lower commodity prices. Recycling service revenue more than doubled year-over-year to $11.9 million, driven by new service contracts. Total revenue increased 53% to $28.0 million versus $18.3 million in 2023, which included a favorable non-cash fair market value ("FMV") pricing adjustment of $0.7 million versus an unfavorable non-cash FMV pricing adjustment of $5.3 million in the prior year.

Cost of sales decreased to $76.6 million versus $81.8 million in 2023. Cost of sales attributable to product revenue decreased 9% or $7.3 million in 2024 compared to 2023 due to lower unfavorable inventory adjustments and lower material costs, offset by increased holding costs related to the paused Rochester Hub and an increase in depreciation of processing equipment due to a full year of Germany Spoke operations. Cost of sales attributable to service revenue increased by $2.1 million year-over-year due to new service contracts entered into in Q4 2023 which were in place for all of 2024.

SG&A expenses decreased 19% to $75.3 million versus $93.4 million in 2023, primarily driven by lower in-office and administrative expenses, a decrease in personnel costs driven by restructuring activities occurring in the fourth quarter of 2023 and throughout 2024, and lower share-based compensation, marketing, professional and legal fees.

Research and development costs decreased to $1.6 million versus $5.7 million in 2023, primarily due to a decrease in consulting and professional fees as a result of the pause in construction of the Rochester Hub and lower costs associated with the planned Portovesme Hub project.

Other expense was $12.2 million, versus other income of $24.7 million in 2023, which was primarily driven by an increase in interest expense and debt extinguishment loss, partially offset by fair value gains on the revaluations of the conversion feature of the Company’s convertible debt.

Capital expenditures declined to $23.9 million, compared to $334.9 million in 2023, mainly due to the pause of the Rochester Hub and other development projects. Capital expenditures primarily consisted of payments for, and receipts of, equipment and construction materials purchased during previous periods for the Rochester Hub and the Germany Spoke.

Net loss was approximately $137.7 million, including $105.1 million of fair value gains on financial instruments, and was largely in line with the net loss of $138.0 million in 2023 as higher revenue, lower cost of sales and SG&A were offset by an increase in other expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA¹ loss improved to $90.5 million, compared to an Adjusted EBITDA loss of $156.4 million in 2023. This was largely driven by higher revenue, lower cost of sales and SG&A. The primary difference between Adjusted EBITDA and net loss is the exclusion of fair value gains and losses on financial instruments.

Balance Sheet Position

As of December 31, 2024, Li-Cycle had cash and cash equivalents on hand of $22.6 million.

Common Shares

The Company's common shares commenced trading on the OTCQX® Best Market under the symbol "LICYF" on February 27, 2025, and have been delisted from trading on the New York Stock Exchange.

About Li-Cycle Holdings Corp.

Li-Cycle (OTCQX: LICYF) is a leading global lithium-ion battery resource recovery company. Established in 2016, and with major customers and partners around the world, Li-Cycle’s mission is to recover critical battery-grade materials to create a domestic closed-loop battery supply chain for a clean energy future. The Company leverages its innovative, sustainable and patent-protected Spoke & Hub Technologies™ to recycle all different types of lithium-ion batteries. At our Spokes, or pre-processing facilities, we recycle battery manufacturing scrap and end-of-life batteries to produce black mass, a powder-like substance which contains a number of valuable metals, including lithium, nickel and cobalt. At our future Hubs, or post-processing facilities, we plan to process black mass to produce critical battery-grade materials, including lithium carbonate, for the lithium-ion battery supply chain. For more information, visit https://li-cycle.com/.

¹ Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized measure under U.S. GAAP. See the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this press release for a description of how Adjusted EBITDA is calculated and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss).

Results of Operations Summary¹

1. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and does not have a standardized meaning under U.S. GAAP. Refer to the section titled "Non-GAAP Reconciliations and Supplementary Information" below, including a reconciliation to comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA (loss)

The table below reconciles adjusted EBITDA (loss) to net profit (loss):

1. Restructuring fees adjustment include: net expense related to the workforce reduction approved by the Board on March 25, 2024 which provided certain executives and non-executives with contractual termination benefits as well as one-time termination benefits; Special Committee retainers; professional fees, including legal fees incurred as a result of the three shareholder suits and the mechanic’s liens filed following the construction pause at the Rochester Hub; and expenses related to the implementation of the Cash Preservation Plan.

2. Fair value gain on financial instruments relates to convertible debt.

Li-Cycle reports its financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP"). The Company makes references to certain non-GAAP measures, including adjusted EBITDA (loss). These measures are not recognized measures under U.S. GAAP, do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and are therefore unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement those U.S. GAAP measures by providing a further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for the analysis of the Company’s financial information reported under U.S. GAAP. Li-Cycle defines adjusted EBITDA (loss) as earnings (loss) before depreciation and amortization, interest expense (income), income tax expense (recovery), and fair value (gain) loss on financial instruments.

Cautionary Notes - Forward-Looking Statements and Unaudited Results

Certain statements contained in this press release may be considered "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and applicable Canadian securities laws. Forward-looking statements may generally be identified by the use of words such as "believe", "may", "will", "continue", "anticipate", "intend", "expect", "should", "would", "could", "plan", "potential", "future", "target" or other similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters, although not all forward-looking statements contain such identifying words. Forward-looking statements in this press release include but are not limited to statements about: our ability to obtain additional financing and/or to enter into a strategic transaction; and our ability to enter into a strategic transaction with Glencore. These statements are based on various assumptions, whether or not identified in this communication, including but not limited to assumptions regarding the timing, scope and cost of Li-Cycle’s projects; the processing capacity and production of Li-Cycle’s facilities; Li-Cycle’s ability to source feedstock and manage supply chain risk; Li-Cycle’s ability to increase recycling capacity and efficiency; Li-Cycle’s ability to retain and hire key personnel and maintain relationships with customers, suppliers and other business partners; general economic conditions; currency exchange and interest rates; compensation costs; and inflation. There can be no assurance that such estimates or assumptions will prove to be correct and, as a result, actual results or events may differ materially from expectations expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements are provided for the purpose of assisting readers in understanding certain key elements of Li-Cycle’s current objectives, goals, targets, strategic priorities, expectations and plans, and in obtaining a better understanding of Li-Cycle’s business and anticipated operating environment. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes and is not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on, by any investor as a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of Li-Cycle, and are not guarantees of future performance. Li-Cycle believes that these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: Li-Cycle’s inability to economically and efficiently source, recover and recycle lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion battery manufacturing scrap, as well as third party black mass, and to meet the market demand for an environmentally sound, closed-loop solution for manufacturing waste and end-of-life lithium-ion batteries; Li-Cycle’s inability to develop the Rochester Hub and other future projects as anticipated or at all in a timely manner or on budget or that those projects will not meet expectations with respect to their productivity or the specifications of their end products; Li-Cycle’s history of losses and expected significant expenses for the foreseeable future as well as additional funds required to meet Li-Cycle’s liquidity needs and capital requirements in the future not being available to Li-Cycle on acceptable terms or at all when it needs them; Li-Cycle’s ability to negotiate a strategic transaction with Glencore on acceptable terms, or at all; Li-Cycle’s estimated total addressable market; risk and uncertainties related to Li-Cycle’s ability to continue as a going concern; uncertainty related to the success of Li-Cycle’s cash preservation plan and related past and any possible further workforce reductions; Li-Cycle's inability to attract, train and retain top talent who possess specialized knowledge and technical skills; Li-Cycle’s failure to oversee and supervise capital projects and obtain financing and other strategic alternatives; Li-Cycle’s ability to service its debt and the restrictive nature of the terms of its debt; Li-Cycle's potential engagement in strategic transactions, including acquisitions, that could disrupt its business, cause dilution to its shareholders, reduce its financial resources, result in incurrence of debt, or prove not to be successful; one or more of Li-Cycle's current or future facilities becoming inoperative, capacity constrained or disrupted, or lacking sufficient feed streams to remain in operation; the potential impact of the pause in construction of the Rochester Hub on the authorizations and permits granted to Li-Cycle for the operation of the Rochester Hub and the Spokes on pause; the risk that the New York state and municipal authorities determine that the permits granted to Li-Cycle for the production of metal sulphates at the Rochester Hub will be impacted by the change to MHP and the reduction in scope for the project; Li-Cycle's failure to materially increase recycling capacity and efficiency; Li-Cycle expects to continue to incur significant expenses and may not achieve or sustain profitability; problems with the handling of lithium-ion battery cells that result in less usage of lithium-ion batteries or affect Li-Cycle’s operations; Li-Cycle’s inability to maintain and increase feedstock supply commitments as well as secure new customers and off-take agreements; a decline in the adoption rate of EVs, or a decline in the support by governments for "green" energy technologies; decreases in benchmark prices for the metals contained in Li-Cycle’s products; changes in the volume or composition of feedstock materials processed at Li-Cycle’s facilities; the development of an alternative chemical make-up of lithium-ion batteries or battery alternatives; Li-Cycle’s expected revenues for the Rochester Hub are expected to be derived significantly from a limited number of customers; Li-Cycle’s reliance on the experience and expertise of senior management and key personnel; the potential for Li-Cycle’s directors and officers who hold Company common shares to have interest that may differ from, or be in conflict with, the interests of other shareholders; Li-Cycle’s insurance may not cover all liabilities and damages; Li-Cycle’s reliance on limited number of commercial partners to generate revenue; customer demand for recycled materials; an active, liquid trading market for our common shares may not be sustained; Li-Cycle’s inability to compete successfully; increases in income tax rates, changes in income tax laws or disagreements with tax authorities; natural disasters, unusually adverse weather, epidemic or pandemic outbreaks, cyber incidents, boycotts and geo-political events; failure to protect or enforce Li-Cycle’s intellectual property; Li-Cycle may be subject to intellectual property rights claims by third parties; Li-Cycle may be subject to cybersecurity attacks, including, but not limited to, ransomware; Li-Cycle’s failure to effectively remediate the material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting that it has identified or its failure to develop and maintain a proper and effective internal control over financial reporting; the risk that Li-Cycle may lose access to funding under the DOE Loan Facility; risk of litigation or regulatory proceedings that could materially adversely impact Li-Cycle’s financial results; and the terms of the warrants. These and other risks and uncertainties related to Li-Cycle’s business are described in greater detail in the section entitled "Part I - Item 1A. Risk Factors" and "Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation" in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC and the Ontario Securities Commission in Canada. Because of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Li-Cycle assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable laws. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing Li-Cycle’s assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.

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Contacts

Investor Relations & Media
Louie Diaz
Sheldon D'souza
Investor Relations: investors@li-cycle.com
Media: media@li-cycle.com