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And all of these projects, I would point out, are supported by long-term contracts with creditworthy customers, almost entirely on the demand side. Now, while for obvious reasons we're not disclosing specific IRR targets for these projects, I know you realize our board would not have approved without returns that are significantly above our cost of capital. In addition to these projects, we are seeing other sizable opportunities to grow our business, as exemplified by our recently announced Outrigger transaction, which will expand our position in the Bakken. In fact, this is the most exciting time to be in the midstream natural gas market that I've seen in my long decades in this business.

We believe that our investments as they come online will drive growth in EBITDA and EPS for years to come. With that, I'll turn it over to Kim.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

OK, thanks, Rich. 2024 was a very good year in terms of our financial performance. We grew EBITDA and EPS, and we improved our leverage metrics. And we set the company up for future success, securing commercial contracts to underpin $6.3 billion in new expansion projects that will add growth for the future.

Today, we announced we're proceeding with the $1.7 billion Trident project, as Rich just said. And we also announced today that we successfully secured contracts to upsize our previously announced MSX project by 300 million cubic feet a day to 1.8 Bcf a day. For the quarter, we added $3.5 billion in expansion projects to the backlog, which is primarily comprised of Trident and MSX. For the year, we have added $6.3 billion in projects to the backlog and placed $1.2 billion of projects in service, growing the backlog from $3 billion at the beginning -- at the end of last year to $8.1 billion today.

These projects will pay benefits for many years to come. As a result of the projects added to the backlog, we now expect to spend approximately $2.5 billion per year in expansion capex for the next several years, up from our prior estimate of approximately $2 billion per year. During the quarter, we also agreed to purchase a natural gas gathering and processing system in the Bakken, which is complementary to our existing Bakken assets for 640 million. The system is backed by long-term contracts from creditworthy counterparties.

On a GAAP basis, the purchase price translates into an eight times multiple. But based on the cash we receive in 2025, the multiple is approximately six times. In addition, in the future, we expect the acquisition to reduce capex that we would have otherwise had to spend to expand for our customers. As we look to the future, we continue to see additional growth opportunities in natural gas between LNG exports to Mexico power and industrial growth.

Our internal number for growth in the overall natural gas business is roughly 28 Bcf a day of growth between now and 2030. Our assets are well-positioned to serve this growth. We currently serve approximately 45% of the export LNG demand, 50% of the exports to Mexico, and 45% of the power demand in the combined region of the Desert Southwest, Texas, and the Southeast. 2024 was a successful year that brought numerous opportunities and nice growth, and we're looking forward to further growth and capitalizing on additional opportunities in 2025.

And with that, I'll turn it over to Tom to give you more details on the business performance.

Thomas A. Martin -- President

Thanks, Kim. Starting with the natural gas business, unit transport volumes were essentially unchanged in the quarter versus the fourth quarter of 2023. Natural gas gathering volumes were down 7% in the quarter compared to the fourth quarter of '23, driven by lower Haynesville and Bakken volumes, partially offset by higher Eagle Ford volumes. Sequentially, gathering volumes were flat quarter over quarter.

For the year, our gathering volumes averaged 8% below our 2024 plan with 6% over 2023. We have budgeted for a 5% increase in gathering volumes in 2025 versus 2024 actuals. We view this slight pullback in gathering volumes due to lower prices as temporary, given that higher production volumes will be necessary to meet the demand growth from LNG expected in the second half of 2025. Looking forward, we continue to see significant incremental project opportunities across our natural gas pipeline network to expand our transportation and storage capabilities in support of the growing natural gas market.

At our products pipeline segment, refined products volumes were up 2%, and crude and condensate volumes were down 5% in the quarter compared to the fourth quarter of 2023. For the full year, refined products volumes were down 3% below our plan but 1% over 2023. We have budgeted for a 1% increase in refined products volumes in '25 versus '24 actuals. In December 2024, BP North America exercised its unilateral right to extend their contract for five years at existing rates for all of the petroleum condensate processing capacity at our facility on the Houston Ship Channel.

The extension is recognition of the strategic value of Kinder Morgan's 100,000 barrels per day processing capability at our facility and the locational value of Kinder Morgan's footprint in the area. In our terminals business segment, our liquids lease capacity remains high at 95%, Though, refining cracks and blending margins have softened, they remain constructive and supportive of strong rates and utilization at our key hubs at the Houston Ship Channel and New York Harbor. Our Jones Act tanker fleet is fully leased today, 97% leased through 2025, 94% leased through 2026, assuming likely options are exercised. We have opportunistically chartered a significant percentage of the fleet at higher market rates and extended the average length of firm contract commitments to four years.

The CO2 segment experienced 3% lower oil production volumes, 4% lower NGL volumes, and 3% lower CO2 volumes in the quarter versus the fourth quarter of 2023. For the full year, oil volumes were down 6% versus 2023 but within 1% of our budget. With that, I'll turn it over to David Michels.

David Michaels -- Chief Financial Officer

All right, thanks, Tom. So, for the quarter, we're declaring a dividend of $0.2875 per share, which is $1.15 per share annualized and up 2% from 2023. During the quarter -- during the fourth quarter, we generated net income attributable to KMI of $667 million, or up 12% from the fourth quarter of 2023. We generated EPS of $0.30, up 11% from last year.

And on an adjusted net income basis, which excludes our certain items, we generated $708 million of net income and adjusted EPS of $0.32. Those two items are 12% and 14% up from last year, respectively. This year-over-year growth was driven by a greater combination -- greater contributions from our natural gas products and terminals businesses, with the main growth drivers being contributions from our acquired South Texas midstream assets, which we acquired at the end of 2023, greater contributions from our Texas intrastate natural gas system, as well as from natural gas projects that were placed in service. For the full year, we generated EPS of $1.17, which was up 10% over last year, and our adjusted EPS was up 7% from last year.

As we've mentioned for the last two quarters, we finished 2024 a little bit below our budget, mainly driven by commodity prices lower than what we had budgeted and lower production from our RNG plants. But despite those headwinds, we still experienced nice growth from 2023. Moving to our balance sheet, we ended the year with $31.7 billion of net debt and a 4.0 times net debt-to-adjusted-EBITDA ratio, which is right in the middle of our leverage target range of 3.5 to 4.5 times. Our net debt decreased $112 million from the beginning of 2024, and here's a high-level reconciliation of that change.

We generated 5.6 billion of cash flow from operations. We spent $2.6 billion in dividends. We spent $2.7 billion of capital, and that's growth sustaining and our contributions to our joint ventures. And then, we had about $200 million of other uses.

And that gets you pretty close to the $112 million decrease in net debt for the year. For 2025, as we previewed in December, we expect another good year of growth. We expect net income growth of 8% from 2024, EBITDA growth of 4%, and adjusted EPs growth of 10%. We also expect to see our balance sheet improve further, ending the year at 3.8 times.

As we say in the press release, we'll be publishing our budget materials on February 5th, and that will provide more detail behind the summary budget that we provided in December. Our budget does not include the recently announced Outrigger acquisition, which we expect to expect to close in the first quarter. And we expect that acquisition to be immediately accretive. And we expect to -- our year-end leverage will remain at 3.8 times even after taking into account that transaction.

With that, I'll turn it back to Kim.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

OK. Michelle, if you'll come on, and we'll take questions. And if everyone can ask one question and one follow-up, and then, if you have further questions, please get back in line.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Our first caller is Theresa Chen with Barclays. You may go ahead.

Theresa Chen -- Analyst

Good afternoon, and thank you for taking my questions. When we look at the last update of the backlog, including CO2 and G&P, and comparing the backlog today, the implied multiple of 6.4 times is pretty compelling. So, for projects like Mississippi Crossing and Trident and future natural gas infrastructure projects, can you talk about the economic moat that you have -- competitive moat that you have the -- you know, financial considerations, and how you can maintain these types of multiples and returns for growth projects under development?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. And let me just say, there's been no change in our return criteria and the way we think about and the way we look at these projects. As you know, required returns -- our required return moves around a little bit depending on the risk inherent in the cash flows. And so, we do have different returns for different risk projects that make up the overall multiple of the backlog that is less than six times.

You know, I think that these projects are competitive. And as you know, we -- on MSX, we were competing for that project. We also competed on the Trident project with other people that were attempting to build. I do think that having the infrastructure that we have, having the reputation that we have as an operator, and our ability to bring these projects in, you know, in a timely manner does help us to be successful as we go out and try to get new projects and new business.

But this return is consistent with the returns that we have achieved over time on these projects.

Theresa Chen -- Analyst

Understood. And related to the Outrigger acquisition, can you expound a bit on the strategic rationale behind this and outlook for downstream synergies, if, you know, why grade eventually flows onto Double H once converted to NGL service, for example?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, let me make a couple of comments on that. So, there are -- these assets fit in well with our existing system. So, there are potential capital synergies and commercial synergies with our existing assets and this acquisition. You know, at this point in time, you know, we're not quantifying exactly what those are just because those can move around, you know, based on a number of different factors, including the producers' drilling schedule.

But I think, you know, that we're in a good position to deliver at least some of those synergies, and hopefully, we will get significant synergies from this. In terms of downstream synergies, I think that, you know, there are some existing contracts in place. And, you know, we may have a potential for downstream synergies, but I think that'll come later in time. There's nothing, you know, immediate with respect to downstream synergies.

Theresa Chen -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Manav Gupta with UBS. You may go ahead, sir.

Manav Gupta -- Analyst

Good morning. A quick observation. I think, on December 9th, when you announced your capex, you were looking for an adjusted EPS growth of 8%, And today, it's already 10. And I'm hoping, as the year progresses, this number just moves up.

And can you help us understand some of the macro trends or favorable factors which could help you push even higher than 10% EPS growth in 2025?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So, I think one, you know that we have some sensitivity to commodity prices. And currently, commodity prices are a little bit higher than what we budgeted. Now, there's crude, there's natural gas, and then we have some rent sensitivity.

And so, we've got upside on the first two. We've got a little bit of downside on the last one. But when you net all those together, you know, today, there's some upside on the overall commodity picture. Now, it's early in the year, and commodity prices can move.

And so, I don't, you know, I don't think you can take that to the bank at this point. The Outrigger acquisition, as David said in his comments, is not in the budget. And so, there's -- you know, that's going to be accretive and will be a positive versus our budget. You know, there's the potential, I think, for some upside on the Jones Act tankers that we've got.

You know, right now, I think interest expense, the rates that we budgeted are largely in line with where the current market is. So, I think, you know, there -- you know, if the prices stay high, I mean you could see some upside on G&P volumes over time, you know. And if we continue to deplete the inventory that's in storage as a result of winter weather, you know, I think the winter weather -- you know, we probably did a little bit better than what we budgeted with respect to winter weather. But again, it's early in the year.

There's a lot of different moving parts in our budget. And so, I'd just say, at this point in time, we are not changing our guidance. We're sticking to our budget, but it is a nice start to the year.

Manav Gupta -- Analyst

OK. My quick follow-up is, it looks like we have a new administration, which is really pushing the AI goals there, $500 billion investment announced yesterday. And I'm trying to understand, in terms of this execution, are we still in very early stages of this positive macro trend where this trend could continue for like five, seven, eight, or nine years as these data centers come on and the demand for power just keeps rising? And how can it fit into that? Thank you.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I think we are early, you know, in the data center trend, and the power that's going to be needed there. And so, you know, I think that the encouragement that this administration has given on the data center development, the -- their desire to see American energy do well, I think, all plays into a nice long-term trend for natural gas demand. As I said in my opening comments, you know, we think the natural gas demand is going to grow by 28 Bcf a day between now and 2030, and part of that is power demand.

In those numbers, though, that we only have power demand up about 3 Bcf a day, and I think, you know, there are a lot of numbers that are much higher than that 3 Bcf a day in terms of power demand. You know, I've seen numbers at 10 Bcf a day. And so, I think, you know, there is the potential for upside, you know, above the 28 Bcf of growth that we are projecting.

Manav Gupta -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Michael Blum with Wells Fargo. You may go ahead, sir.

Michael Blum -- Analyst

Thanks. Good afternoon, everyone. So, maybe staying on President Trump's recent AI infrastructure announcement. It does -- one of the projects involved there seems like it's going to be a large data center campus in Abilene, Texas, which, if I'm not mistaken --

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

I can't hear you -- hang on, can you talk?

Michael Blum -- Analyst

Can you hear me?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes, now, I can.

Michael Blum -- Analyst

You guys hear -- OK, great. So, sorry about that. So, you hear me OK?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, something in Texas.

Michael Blum -- Analyst

OK. Trump's AI data center announcement includes a large data center in Abilene, Texas, so -- which I think is pretty close to some of your pipelines. I'm wondering if there's an opportunity there for you. And do you have availability to address it?

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

So, Michael, this is Sital. One, it's a -- it's a good announcement. Our intrastate footprint or NGPL footprint, you know, it's all in and around the area. I think it's an opportunity.

But once again, you know, there's a lot of folks that are going to be chasing the opportunity so I think we're well-positioned to partake in some of that growth.

Michael Blum -- Analyst

OK, great. And then, I also want to ask about the open season on Kinder Morgan Louisiana, like a Texas header project. Can you just tell us how that's progressing and the potential scope of that project? Thanks.

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Absolutely. So, you know, part of, you know, one, I think the open season closed, and we do have binding commitments to us -- you know, to build that segment. You know, part of the overall strategy here is there is a lot of interconnectivity needed with all the gas, you know, coming from multiple directions. And so, I think this is a good platform for us to establish that kind of initial leg with, you know, prospective possibility of, you know, extending that into the Louisiana corridor.

And so, I think that when you think about it, you know, this first phase here is contracted and ready to go, and this will position us well for future growth.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

And let me just further on that. You know, the existing header is in the Trident project in terms of the economics that we get from that. And then, future, you know, it's there -- we have future expansion potential, but that would be another project, you know, that we would get approved at that time.

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Yeah, so, just to clarify, you know, the KMLP expansion is -- you know, one of the pipes that it will connect to is Trident, you know, except from the part from Trident itself. You know, and it could potentially be a leg into the Louisiana corridor down the line.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Right, but in the future.

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

In the future, that's right. Michael did that -- did that make sense?

Michael Blum -- Analyst

Yup, thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Neal Dingmann with Truist Securities. You may go ahead, sir.

Jack Wilson -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Hey, good afternoon. This is Jack Wilson on for Neal. Can you please speak to your positioning in regards to LNG exports specifically?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, sure. You know, we serve about 50% of that market. So, it's just under that. It's 45%.

I think our total contracts that we've got in place for LNG exports is about 10.7 Bcf a day. Not all of that is online today, but that's the position that, you know, we will grow into over time. I think it's a little less than 10 today. And then, you know, the opportunity set is in the range of 15 Bcf a day is, you know, the future capacity, that is included in the 28 Bcf a day of growth that we see between now and 2030.

And that's -- you know, so, we'll be focused on trying to capture some of those opportunities. And then, a lot of times as we said before, you know, there's the initial opportunities to connect, you know, to the header systems or directly to those facilities. And then, a lot of times, the LNG export facilities and customers are looking for -- to go back further, back upstream to get more competitively priced supply. And, you know, in addition, sometimes, some of them are looking for some insurance capacity and, therefore, they, you know, contract for more than just the capacity of the facility to make sure that they can get molecules there.

So, you know, a lot of times, those initial projects lead to future projects. So, there's a -- you know, there's a lot of opportunity on the export LNG side.

Jack Wilson -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Thank you very much.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Keith Stanley with Wolfe Research.

Keith Stanley -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon. First question, just curious -- you just did an acquisition a couple of weeks ago, how you're thinking about incremental acquisitions at this point? So, on the one hand, you have greatly increased organic investment opportunities, so you probably want some excess financial capacity. But you also have a much improved currency, and it's probably pretty easy to make deals accretive at this point.

So, just how are you balancing those factors and thinking about M&A?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, you know, we think about M&A on a very opportunistic basis. And so, you know, we can't predict that. And therefore, you know, it's hard to budget or schedule for it.

Our criteria in terms of acquisitions hasn't changed. So, it's still the same, so we're not modifying the criteria. And then, we just evaluate each one as it comes to fruition. So, you know, right now, you know, we are able to fully fund all of our capex with internally generated cash.

We have no need to issue equity. You know, if we saw some big huge acquisition, you know, not opposed to issuing equity, but it would have to make economic sense. And so, we would just have to view it in the context of the overall deal when that opportunity came before us.

Keith Stanley -- Analyst

All right, thanks for that. Second one, just wanted to follow up on the quarter. So, Q4 EBITDA was -- is about 100 million below the initial quarterly budget. And you talked about commodities volumes and some of the RNG headwinds.

Is there anything else you'd flag for the quarter in particular, or are those the main factors?

David Michaels -- Chief Financial Officer

The commodity headwind was part of it. We had some -- you know, the RNG sales were down relative to what we had expected. And then, we had -- some of the -- some of the RINs that we produced in the quarter were pushed out of the air into -- into the next year because they were -- there was a lack of lack of liquidity in the market, so that also contributed to it. But you hit the main ones.

Keith Stanley -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Our next caller is Jean Ann Salisbury with Bank of America.

Jean Salisbury -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Hi. Most of what Kinder Morgan has announced over the past year has been typical large-diameter, big capex projects, so SNG, GCX, MSX, Trident. From here forward, do you see any shift in the type of the future projects to being mostly more like end-user projects like laterals to power plants or data centers, which might be lower absolute capex but better multiples, or you're not really ready to call that shift yet?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

That's -- you know, it's hard to call. I think we're going to have opportunities on both fronts. I think more of the opportunities probably come in, what I call the singles and doubles, connecting to power plants, that types of things. And, you know, that's largely just because the larger projects to do those, you've got to put together a lot of customers.

You know, it's just a lot more complicated and a lot harder to do. But that being said, we do have some large-scale opportunities that we're evaluating and looking at that have the potential to come to fruition. It's just harder to call your shots on those. Again, because you face competition and you've got to bring a lot of different factors have to come together to make those possible.

So, it could -- it's going to continue just to be a combination of things, Jean Ann. But I do think that the larger ones will -- are going to be more infrequent than we'll just have a lot of smaller opportunities, singles and doubles. It's harder to hit the home runs. We just -- we were very fortunate this year that we got a number of them in one year.

Jean Salisbury -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Yes, that makes sense. Great. And then, as a follow-up, can you kind of talk about how you're forecasting the cadence of Haynesville volumes coming back? I think rig count in that basin is falling more than most would have thought, and you've seen some producers saying that you need far higher prices than today's strip for them to come back.

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Jean, this is Sital. Yes, so, I think, you know, last year we did see a little pullback in the Haynesville as a result of kind of the price environment. In light of what we're seeing, you know, currently and the expectation of the LNG demand coming on, we are seeing activity pick back up in the Haynesville. And, you know, if any of this price is sustained, as, you know, kind of we hope it is, I think you'll see a lot more activity in the Haynesville.

Jean Salisbury -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

OK, that's helpful. Thank you. That's all for me.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Spiro Dounis from Citi. You may go ahead, sir.

Spiro Dounis -- Analyst

Thanks, operator. Afternoon, team. Just want to go back to the project backlog again. Now at 8.1 billion, largest we've seen in a while here.

And, Kim, you mentioned the $2.5 billion a year annually. And I guess if we sort of track that through 2028, it gets you to about 10 billion all-in. So, just curious, is that the right way to think about maybe your visibility on the sort of unsanctioned backlog from here at least through '28? And in that context, you know, kind of what Jean Ann was getting at, you added over $5 billion of projects in this last year. It sounds hard to repeat.

But at the same time, you also did mention being in the early stages of data center demand and potentially some new LNG FIDs coming this year. So, when do you think we do see a year like that? Again, I know it's hard to predict, but just thinking about it as these things come in waves.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Well, I hope next year, but this has been a pretty spectacular year is what I would say in terms of backlog additions and the, you know, four really big projects. So -- but again, you know, we have outlined, there's going to be a lot of growth in natural gas, 28 Bcf a day, again, between now and 2030. That's a large amount of demand growth. And it's all happening, you know, across the southern United States, where we've just got a really good position of assets, whether that's, you know, in Texas or that's going across in the southeast or that's going out to the Desert Southwest.

And so, you know, I think we've tried to give you, you know, $2.5 billion a year. You know, we filled in a few things there but -- in terms of our expectations on what's going to happen. And -- but I think, you know, there is the opportunity for that to grow over time, I believe. And so, you know, I think the -- that's what we would expect to happen is that we continue to add to this backlog.

But we're also going to be placing projects in service. And so, not sure how to tell you exactly how much we can add over time.

Spiro Dounis -- Analyst

OK, yep. Understood. That's helpful. Second question, quickly, just thinking about some weather events that have kind of occurred so far here in the first quarter.

Obviously, we've had the L.A. fires, and I know you guys have assets out in that region. We've also had some cold weather just along the U.S. Gulf Coast.

So, just curious how much either of those events has kind of impacted operations so far in the first quarter?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, in terms of you know, California, no impact on our assets. I mean, we were down for two days on some pipes, but I think those volumes will largely be able to make up. And then, you know, on the cold weather, I mean, our operations guys have done a fantastic job. We went out and manned stations.

And, yeah, we had something go off, but they would get it right back on. So, really no impact in terms of being able to operate from the fires or from the cold weather.

Spiro Dounis -- Analyst

Great. I'll leave it there. Thanks for the time.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Zack Van Everen with TPH. You may go ahead, sir.

Zack Van Everen -- Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Company -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking my question. Maybe first one on the Bakken acquisition. Can you maybe touch on a high level, you know, what type of contracting that plant in the pipeline has? You know, is it MVC? Is it mostly contracted? Or just any more color there would be great.

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Yeah, sure. So, this is Sital. I think the asset fits well in our kind of overall integrated strategy. Most of the contracts are kind of MVC-backed with some firm obligations there.

You know, as we think about you know the footprint, one of the things that this asset does for us is it gives us processing north of the river. We've always been kind of south of the river if you're familiar with that area. And so, I think it opens up some potential flexibility that we can leverage as we move forward.

Zack Van Everen -- Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Company -- Analyst

Got you. That makes sense. And then, maybe just one on Trident. I know that shortly after announcing it, Golden Pass came out talking about them being one of the anchor shippers.

I know in the press release today, you kind of note LNG and industrial demands.You know, could you touch on maybe just the high level makeup of the demand contracts? Is it mostly LNG, or is there also some, you know, power and industrial demand you're seeing as well?

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

So, I will tell you this. Since the last time we've spoken, I can't -- I won't say any names, but we've got some power behind -- power demand behind the contracts. And we continue to work with industrials and the large -- some of the large end-use customers on the ability to potentially even expand the pipe from the 1.5 that we've got it at now, you know, all the way up to the 2.8 Bcf that we think we could get through some capital efficient expansion.

Zack Van Everen -- Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Company -- Analyst

Got you. Super helpful. I appreciate the time today. Thanks.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is John Mackay with Goldman Sachs.

John Mackay -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for the time. First one, I want to go back to -- I think it was Spiro's question just on touching on the $2.5 billion a year. Can you kind of frame up -- is that a ceiling on how much you think you can spend a year? Can that number move higher? And I guess, generally speaking, how do you think about setting that? Is that a leverage question? Is that a free cash? Is that a dividend? Just frame that up for us would be helpful.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Sure. So the 2.5 billion is generally what we think based -- looking at all the projects that we have in the backlog and other things, you know, that we think are probably very highly likely, you know, what we think we can spend, and it's -- I mean, it's over the next several years, three to four years. That 2.5 billion is on average per year. I mean, are you going to have years where, you know, it could be 3 and others where it could be 2? Yes.

I mean it's not going to be perfectly allocated 2.5 billion each year. So, it can be lumpy, and that depends on the project timing. But we're trying to give you a sense of what we see in terms of our opportunities to invest capital over time. We can fund $2.5 billion per year out of internally generated cash.

So, you know, no concerns that we need external capital for that. We can fund in some years a little bit more than that. If it's lumpy during that timeframe, we've got our balance sheet in good shape and in this year four times and expected at the end of 2025 at 3.8 times. And so, we can absorb that lumpiness on the balance sheet.

And, you know, once those projects come on, we'll grow out of that. So, I think, you know, we will continue to look at that number and update it. And if we add significant new projects to the backlog, then I think we have the potential that that number increases over time. But we have made some -- pointed out earlier, you know, some estimate of some additional growth beyond what's in the backlog because as someone noted, the backlog adds up to 8.1.

And, you know, if you take four years and 2.5, you get 10. So, there is a little bit of capital that we're assuming based on our opportunities that we'll be able to fill out.

John Mackay -- Analyst

I appreciate that. Thank you. Maybe just second one for me. We've talked a lot about these big kind of marquee projects you've added.

Is there anything you can share on kind of knock-on effects across the rest of the Kinder system now that you're going to be moving a lot more gas? Is there, you know, some kind of operating leverage on the rest of footprint that you could think about adding to these returns?

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Sure. This is Sital again. So, you know, as we think about -- you know, as you put these arteries in across with the developments that are coming in and around data centers and just power in general, there's opportunities for us to kind of leverage our footprint to kind of establish capillaries to these facilities. You know, one of the things that Jean Ann talked about was kind of the small capital efficient projects.

There's opportunities on top of these large expansions for those type of projects in strategic areas that we can further expand. And that really applies across the footprint. You know, we're also looking at some opportunities moving out west to the Desert Southwest. Those might be -- that might be an area where we can see some primary and secondary expansion opportunities.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

And the other thing I'll point out is like MSX, you know, they'll connect our three legs of the Tennessee gas pipeline. You know, over time, you know, that could -- that's going to give us some operating flexibility and potentially upside to help our customers. And then, on Trident, it will come into the intrastate market, and it will integrate well with our Texas intrastate. And, you know, hopefully, over time, that will give us the ability to deliver more value to our customers and share some of that.

Richard D. Kinder -- Executive Chair

I think the message here that -- all the team is trying to deliver is we have an unparalleled system that bridges the part of the country that needs the most new natural gas delivery system. We have that. And all of what we're saying I think lends itself to lots of expansion opportunities coming off of this great footprint that we have. And that's really our whole strategy over the next several years is to move forward with the system we have expand it, extend it, and drive home real nice earnings growth and growth in EBITDA.

John Mackay -- Analyst

That's great. Thank you, Rich. Thank you, Kim. Appreciate the time.

Operator

Thank you. Our next caller is Gabe Moreen with Mizuho. You may go ahead, sir.

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

Hey, good afternoon, everyone. I just want to start out by saying that I think Pete's -- based on how the share price has performed, Pete's making a good case for saving himself work and not holding analyst days in future years, too. But with that said, I wanted to ask a question on the MSX project timeline being four years, plus or minus, and being almost two years longer than similarly sized intrastate project. I have a question of permitting, right of way, conservatism, is there any conservatism built into that? And fitting into the regime change in D.C.

with the new administration, is there anything on the permitting wish list for discussions you've had that you maybe think can expedite something -- which I think is your first kind of greenfield-ish interstate in some time?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. So, I mean, the difference just horseshoes and hand grenades, we generally think about interstate pipes take us four years, two years in permitting and two years to build. And intrastate pipes, where we don't have to go get a FERC certificate, is usually two-ish years. And that's sort of the timeline that you see -- the difference in the timeline that you see between Trident and MSX or South System 4.

You know, we came up with these schedules when we sanctioned these projects, so late last year. I would say that they were done in line with what we thought we would get under the prior administration. And so, you know, to the extent that FERC speeds up -- and it's really the FERC permit that is going to be the primary duty item. To the extent that FERC speeds up their timeline, you know, we could get it potentially in service earlier.

But I think the flip side of that is we want to make sure that we get a good FERC permit that we can defend in court. And so, we don't want them to skip or shortcut any of their processes. So, we want to make sure that we get a good dependable FERC permit out, but hopefully, they can do that faster under this administration.

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

Thanks, Kim. And I know there'll be some more details on '25 guidance in the not too distant future, but could I ask maybe just one on your nat gas sensitivity that you've got to the $0.10 change in gas prices --

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yes.

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

It's a bit higher this year than last, kind of what's behind that?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, sure.

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

I know it's not a big piece of things but --

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

That's the sensitivity that we've had in the past. So, it's not anything new, Gabe. It's been hard to quantify because some of our producers on the gathering side, you know, the contract can move, the price they pay -- the tariff that they pay can move up and down with some gas prices. And so, that's what's -- this year, we are right in the middle of the range, and we've been trying to find a way to quantify it for investors.

And this year, we were able to do it. So, again, no difference from prior years.

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

Thanks, Kim.

Operator

Thank you. Jeremy Tonet with JPMorgan, you may go ahead, sir.

Jeremy Tonet -- Analyst

Hi. Good afternoon.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Good afternoon, Jeremy.

Jeremy Tonet -- Analyst

Just want to circle back. I guess, new administration, you know, new look out there. Just wondering, you know, Kinder has looked at expansions in the Northeast before, but state level permitting issues has impacted the calculus of moving forward with those type of projects. Just wondering if you're tracking anything on the federal side that maybe would change, I guess, you know, the permitting process or laws, otherwise, that would kind of, I guess, change your outlook.

I mean, clearly, the need for more gas logistics in the Northeast is there, but just you see anything on the permitting side that might make you kind of look at things differently?

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, no -- you know, it's not the federal permits that are the real problem in the Northeast. I mean, we can get the federal permits, the state permits, and I don't see anything changing there. The other thing I'd say about the Northeast is the commercial structure. You know, it's the commercial structure with the operator, RTO operator, does not allow for pass-through of the fixed demand charges if you're an IPP.

And so, it makes it harder for the IPPs to contract on a firm basis for that capacity. And so, you know, those are the two largest hurdles, and we have not seen any change.

Jeremy Tonet -- Analyst

Got it. Understood. And might be dating myself a little bit here, but if I go back, I think, to around the 2009 timeframe with Rockies Express, I think it was described as the pig in the boa constrictor at that point. And there was a, you know, big move in the industry as far as unconventional production, supply push out of basins, and everyone was running on the same steel and construction at the same time and led to some cost inflation issues.

At that point in time, we see inflationary environment in the background now. Just wondering how you think about, I guess, those risks going forward. And, you know, what E&Cs you see out there that you think can best protect you? Just wondering, I'm sure you guys are very thoughtful in all this, but wanted to see your way of thought.

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. You know, we are already engaged in procurement on all three big pipes. I'm not going to go pipe by pipe. But on some of the pipes, you know, we already have an agreement to purchase steel, purchase the compression.

And, you know, on others, I think, we will do so in the not too distant future. So, we are -- you know, I think we're working hard to try to mitigate that risk.

Jeremy Tonet -- Analyst

Got it. OK. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. At this time, I am showing no further questions.

Richard D. Kinder -- Executive Chair

OK. Thank you all very much. Have a pleasant evening.

Operator

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. [Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Richard D. Kinder -- Executive Chair

Kimberly Allen Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Thomas A. Martin -- President

David Michaels -- Chief Financial Officer

Kim Dang -- Chief Executive Officer

Theresa Chen -- Analyst

Manav Gupta -- Analyst

Michael Blum -- Analyst

Sital Mody -- President, Natural Gas Pipelines

Jack Wilson -- Truist Securities -- Analyst

Keith Stanley -- Analyst

David Michels -- Chief Financial Officer

Jean Salisbury -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst

Spiro Dounis -- Analyst

Zack Van Everen -- Tudor, Pickering, Holt and Company -- Analyst

John Mackay -- Analyst

Rich Kinder -- Executive Chair

Gabe Moreen -- Analyst

Jeremy Tonet -- Analyst

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Kinder Morgan (KMI) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool