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We've reported EPS on a GAAP basis of $0.66 during the quarter. On an adjusted basis, we reported EPS of $0.64, which reflected an increase of 28% over the same quarter last year.

While the broader geopolitical environment is mixed with uncertainty surrounding Brexit, global trade tensions and recent stock market volatility, underlying market fundamentals in our space remain positive. North America contract industry growth is measured by BIFMA, remains robust and has been relatively consistent over the past 10 months. Service sector employment continues to rise and architectural billings levels have been positive for the past 12 months. In fact, the architectural billings reading in January was the highest level in over two years. We're also encouraged that progress appears to be occurring in trade negotiations between the US and China, as the proposed US tariff increases to 25% on goods imported from China that were scheduled for March were deferred for the second time.

Our teams continue to remain laser-focused on our key initiatives, and I'd like to share a few highlights from the quarter. Our innovation pipeline has been active this year, positioning us to accelerate growth. The recent North America launches of the Cosm high performance office chair, Canvas Vista desking system and Overlay immoveable enclosure system are all pacing ahead of expectations this year.

Cosm was launched across our international regions this quarter as well. With its mission to make authentic modern designs readily accessible, Design Within Reach expanded its portfolio of exclusive designs this quarters with the launch of the Lispenard (ph) sofa collection. We're also gearing up for our official introduction to the global design community of the Herman Miller Group, a powerful representation of the reach of our entire Herman Miller brand portfolio. This will be the theme of our showcase of the upcoming Milano Design Week in April and the NeoCon Trade Show in June. Each show will demonstrate the variety and ease we deliver to our family of leading brands.

Our investment in HAY this year, including both the equity investment and the existing business and our license of the North American distribution rights is an important growth imperative. This quarter we made great progress localizing critical HAY products in North America to serve our contract and retail furniture customers. Four key HAY product groups have been localized so far, including the popular about our chair product line. We've also established near term inventory positions for an additional range of products, many of which we're working to localize in the months ahead.

One of my early areas of focus here at Herman Miller has been a push throughout the organization to become more customer-focused and easy to do business with to the eyes of both our dealers and customers. While I see many opportunities ahead of us for improvement in this area, the organization is already taking significant steps forward in some key areas, including the development and rollout of new digital tools for our dealer network.

During the quarter, we reached critical mass in North America for our new to be released design and specification tool with 750 active dealer users. For the recently developed Herman Miller Resource Library, we've completed a rollout of over 2,000 dealers associates across our Certified Dealer Network. This tool helps our dealers and customers visualize and select products across our entire family of brands with a much improved user experience.

In the coming months, our collection of digital tools will be more seamlessly integrated to further improve our response time for our customers and will be also introduced across our international regions to bring the same benefits to our global dealers and customers.

Another quarter of strong revenue and order growth is evidenced of further progress in scaling our consumer business. We continue to see much higher growth than the rest of the home furnishings industry, driven both by expanded square footage and comparable brand growth across our multi-channel platform.

For Design Within Reach, this quarter reflects 12 straight quarters of comparable brand growth. We will also be opening several exciting Design Within Reach studios in the fourth quarter, Louisville (ph) in Ohio, California, the Upper West Side in New York and a repositioned studio in the Charlotte, North Carolina market.

Our operating margins for the consumer business lag our long term objective of this business. We remain confident in the path to our target as we lean into growth investments in new studios, other channels and introducing the HAY brand to North America.

Related to, HAY, we are in the initial stages following the launch of our consumer-focused HAY channels in North America last quarter. While in the early days, there was excitement around both the HAY North America website and the first two HAY studios in North America as they began to gain traction. We're now focused on developing our pipeline for future HAY studios in North America with the next few locations scheduled to open in Chicago at the beginning of next fiscal year.

Finally, we remain focused on profit optimization and we've largely completed our first two phases of this work. As our North American phase ramped up, we initially estimated between $20 million and $40 million of benefit. As we continue to work for our implementation plan, we revised our expectations for this initiative to provide annual run rate benefits of between $30 million and $40 million. These benefits will continue to be realized over the next 12 months and play a key role in driving operating margin expansion.

In closing, my team and I have been deeply engaged in strategy over the past few months, evaluating key trends in our spaces and considering the capabilities required to win with our customers and accelerate the growth opportunities we see ahead of us. As part of this work, we're planning to held some investor events on May 9 at our New York showroom, where my team and I will provide a deeper review of our strategy and priorities going forward. Please feel free to save that date and look for more details soon.

With that overview, I'll turn the call over to Jeff to provide more perspective on the financial results for the quarter.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thank you, Andi; and good afternoon, everyone. Consolidated net sales in the third quarter of $619 million were 7% above the same quarter last year on a GAAP basis and up 6% organically after adjusting for the impacts of year-over-year changes in foreign currency rates and the adoption of new revenue recognition rules earlier this fiscal year. New orders in the period were 8% above last year.

Within our North American segment, sales were $321 million in the third quarter, representing an increase of 1% from last year on a reported basis and essentially flat with last year organically. New orders were $314 million in the quarter, up 7% on a reported basis and 5.5% organically over last year. The order growth in North America this quarter was led by large and medium sized projects, with geographic increases coming from the Eastern and Western regions of the US.

Our ELA segment reported sales of $126 million in the third quarter, an increase of 23% compared to last year on a reported basis and up 24% organically. New orders totaled $127 million, representing growth for approximately 12% over the same quarter a year ago on a GAAP basis and 11% organically. As the ELA business had a difficult prior year growth comparison, this order performance was particularly strong as organic order growth last year was 27%. The year-over-year performance was led by growth in India, China, Mexico and the Middle East, more than offsetting lower demand levels in the UK and Mainland Europe as the uncertainty related to Brexit persists.

Sales in the third quarter within our specialty segment were $76 million, an increase of 5% from the same quarter last year on a reported basis and 4% organically. New orders in the quarter of $77 million were 8% higher than last year and up 7% organically. The increase in orders this quarter reflected growth for Geiger, Maharam and the Herman Miller Collection.

Our consumer business segment reported sales in the quarter of $96 million, an increase of 11% from the same quarter last year. New orders for the quarter of $93 million were also 11% ahead of the same quarter last year. These results were primarily driven by growth from the HAY brand, new studios and e-commerce, as well as outlet and contract channels.

From a currency translation perspective, the general strengthening of the US dollar relative to euro bill levels was a headwind to sales growth this quarter. We estimate the translation impact from year-over-year changes in currency rates had an unfavorable impact on consolidated net sales of $5 million in the period.

Consolidated gross margin in the third quarter was 35.7%. Excluding approximately 60 basis points of impact from adopting new revenue recognition rules at the start of our current fiscal year, gross margin was 70 basis points above the same quarter last year. As a reminder, under the new guidance starting at the beginning of fiscal 2019, we now record certain dealer payments as expenses within cost of goods sold that were previously classified as a reduction to net sales. While this classification has zero impact on reported gross profit dollars, it reduces our gross margin percentage compared to last year. The gross margin expansion was driven by manufacturing production leverage on higher shipment volumes, channel and product mix and profit optimization benefits.

Operating expenses in the third quarter were $173 million compared to $167 million in the year ago period. The current year included $500,000 of special charges, primarily associated with CEO transition costs. By comparison, the prior year included $4 million of special charges. Excluding these items, the remaining year-over-year increase of $9 million was driven primarily by higher variable selling expenses and expenses in our consumer business related to occupancy, marketing and staffing for new retail studios and contract business expansion.

Restructuring charges recorded in the third quarter of $300,000 related to previously announced facility consolidation projects in both the UK and China. Both of these projects are progressing on schedule and we've started realizing benefits from improved efficiency and lower costs that will continue to ramp up in the first half of fiscal 2020.

On a GAAP basis, we reported operating earnings of $48 million this quarter compared to operating earnings of $39 million in the year ago period. Excluding restructuring and other special charges, adjusted operating earnings this quarter were $49 million or a 7.9% of sales. And by comparison, we've reported adjusted operating income of $43 million or 7.4% of sales in the third quarter of last year.

The effective tax rate in the third quarter was 16% and the rate in the current quarter include an adjustment related to the final true up of the impact of adopting the US Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Exclusive of this adjustment, the effective rate in the period was 20.1%.

And, finally, net earnings in the third quarter totaled $39 million or $0.66 per share on a diluted basis compared to $30 million or $0.49 per share at the same quarter last year. Excluding the impact of restructuring and other items, adjusted diluted earnings per share this quarter totaled $0.64 compared to adjusted earnings of $0.50 per share in the third quarter of last year.

So, with that, I'll turn the call over to Kevin who will give us an update on our cash flow and balance sheet.

Kevin Veltman -- Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasurer

Thanks, Jeff. We ended the quarter with total cash and cash equivalents of $114 million, which was consistent with the level of cash on hand last quarter. Cash flows from operations in the third quarter were $39 million, reflecting an increase of 34% over the $29 million generated in the same quarter of last year.

Capital expenditures were $22 million in the quarter and $63 million year-to-date. For fiscal 2019, we anticipate capital expenditures of $85 million to $95 million for the full year.

Cash dividends paid in the quarter were $12 million and we've repurchased $6 million of shares during the quarter. We remain in compliance with all that covenants and as of quarter end our gross debt-to-EBITDA ratio was approximately 1:1. The available capacity on our bank credit facility stood at $165 million at the end of the quarter. Given our current cash balances, ongoing cash flow from operations and total borrowing capacity, we remain well positioned to meet the financing needs of the business moving forward.

For that update, I'll now turn the call back over to Jeff to cover our sales and earnings guidance for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Okay. Thank you, Kevin. So with respect to the forecasts, we anticipate sales in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 to range between $645 million and $665 million. The midpoint of this range implies an organic revenue increase of approximately 5% compared to the same quarter last fiscal year. We expect consolidated gross margin in the fourth quarter to range between 36.3% and 37.3%. This estimate, of course, includes the impact of adopting the new revenue recognition standard in fiscal 2019, which, as I described earlier, impact year-over-year comparability by approximately 60 basis points.

Adjusted for this change, the midpoint gross margin forecast is approximately 50 basis points higher than the fourth quarter of last year. This forecast reflects sequentially lower steel costs next quarter compared to the third quarter and benefits from our profitability improvement initiatives.

Operating expenses in the fourth quarter are expected to range between $180 million and $184 million.

We anticipate earnings per share to be between $0.76 and $0.80 for the period, and our assumed effective tax rate is between 21% and 23%.

So with that overview, I'll turn the call back over to the operator and we'll take your questions.

Questions and Answers:

Operator

Thank you. (Operator Instructions) And our first question comes from the line of Budd Bugatch with Raymond James. Your line is now open.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Good afternoon. A question for you on North America, just cut through the chase. Organically, it was flat year-over year, can you give us a little bit of color on that, Andi or...

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Sure. Hey, Budd. This is Jeff. I'll provide a little color and then Andi jump in if you have something understanding, if you having to add. So, yeah. So we were organically flat year-over-year, Budd. There's really a couple factors that play. The largest factor really related to the way orders paid going back to the second quarter versus how they paid this quarter. You go back to Q2, order entry in that period for the North American contract business was fairly front-end loaded or more front-end loaded, so we saw more of those orders translate to revenue in that particular period. And this kind of have the opposite effect this quarter where we had -- because of two factors, we had a price increase that was announced. And so we had some orders that came in and just were long-dated and so pushed out of the quarter as well as, just in general, more back-end weighted order entry. So it was more a timing issue.

The other thing I would add and we didn't have in our prepared comments is the impact of federal government in the shutdown that happened mid-quarter, our best estimate would be that impacted as negatively on revenue to the tune of somewhere between $2 million and $4 million and my guess would be a view toward the upper-end of that range.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Jeff.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Thank you.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

(multiple speakers)

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

(multiple speakers) I was going to go from there to the order book and just see where the backlog and where you're thinking fourth quarter will come in on North America?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

I think, in general, so our backlog -- maybe just a few comments on the backlog, Budd, to level that. So total backlog drop I think 13% year-over-year. This, as with revenue and gross margin, is impacted by our revenue recognition adoption. And so you need to adjust that for the impact of those dealer payments that seems to be kind of rattling through the whole P&L. And, as a result, the adjusted backlog growth is closer to 11% on an adjusted basis, when you take that into effect. So that's just kind of the starting point.

And here again, as I mentioned, the order patterns that came in the quarter, we saw a number of orders come in that are longer dated, that push out of Q4 actually into even the first part of the fiscal year and I think our guide implies and this is in total, but I think fairly close for the North American contract business as well. It implies an expected order growth somewhere in the 5% to 6% range.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

So that's your revenue guess for fourth quarter for North America?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah, on that order. But in total, it's up, I think, 5% organic and that would be, Kevin, keep me honest here, I think that would be -- on order of magnitude that would be what we'd expect North America contract to be maybe a little better than now.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Okay. And then just going in the consumer and DWR and the studio business, can you give us kind of a flavor of what was going on there? I think you said -- I didn't quite catch what you said about revenues so -- and earnings, give us a little bit of the help on that?

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

I think from a consumer standpoint, Budd, I mean, the business continues to grow very strongly in the top line, I think we've seen 12 straight quarters of revenue growth. And while margins are still very respectable, they're not exactly where we would like them to be for a number of reasons. The biggest one is the one that we've continued to talk about since I've been here, which is the free ship kind of ship rev in and out. I think we underestimated, as we put our plan this year, the amount of a change in the customer behavior around free shipping. And so, we've had to see again -- sort of react to that little bit of information that's -- to give us a little bit of a ding on our profitability.

We've also been investing quite a bit in growing. So as we build the HAY brand in North America, there's the marketing expense as we expand studios. So now we have four DWR studios opening this quarter, which is actually a pretty large amount for us. So you have pre-opening expenses for those as well as the two HAY studios we've opened. So, I think we're in investment mode with our consumer business right now. We're very pleased with the revenue that we're seeing and we're working in a very focused way on improving the profitability and we will continue to see that profitability get better.

I will say from this quarter and as we go into Q4, we're in the process of relocating our distribution center and along with that we've had some unforeseen expenses around storage of merchandise, along with our great revenue growth we've had order growth and shipment growth, so we need a larger facility. So we will see some expenses in the next couple of quarters related to the DC transfer. After that, as we head into next year, we should see that level out a bit. Would you add anything to that?

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Well, I did see operating expenses grow like twice the level. We're not nearly twice the level of gross profit growth and operating expenses -- we are operating of roughly $4.3 million in gross margin with gross (ph) number was up was up $2.4 million, if my numbers are right. So...

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. So maybe a little more color Budd and then if I don't get it -- if I don't hit this question, I'll come back to it. But at the gross margin level, we're down about 200 basis points. And as Andi said, we had higher -- the impact of more free shipping and lower freight revenue, so just higher net freight expenses. We have a -- the impact of our DC move, so we had some, I would call, temporal increase in storage costs for inventory as we are -- we build ahead of it for the HAY launch and we are moving to a much larger space with high bay capability that will give us an ability to house our distribution -- or cover our distribution needs, I should say. But in the interim here, we had to do some offsite storage, that drove some increased cost.

And then the other thing that, it was the launch of HAY and this is just project mix. We had a higher content running through our gross margins and consumer this quarter related to contract business, in particular a large contract project that just diluted the gross margin improvement for that segment. Now, that's not something that we think is representative of longer term mix, but it happened to affect us this quarter and it actually happened to affect us last quarter a little bit as well to the same -- for the same project.

So when you put all those together, Budd, that was the big drivers behind that 200 basis points declining gross margin. And if I had to peg it, I'd probably say each of those factors accounted for about a-third of that decline.

When you shift in those it gets to your question on operating expenses, when you shift to the increase in operating expenses, it's a couple of things; a fair amount of marketing cost related to the HAY launch that we're incurring as well as, and this is the frustrating part of lease accounting is that, we have these new stores, therefore I can change it, but we have these new stores opening that we have no revenue in throughout the third quarter, but we have all of the operating or the occupancy costs, because we have possession and so we're booking that on a straight line basis and it hit its hard this quarter. So that's a big driver of the year-on-year as well. So...

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. And just -- and to add to Jeff's point, opening four stores in a quarter is an unusually large load for us, so the pre-opening expenses are larger than normal.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you very much.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Budd.

Operator

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Steven Ramsey with Thompson Research. Your line is now open.

Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Good afternoon.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Hi, Steven.

Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Hi. Thinking again about consumer, I guess to step back and think about your investment outlook there on maybe more of a qualitative basis, how are you measuring internally the return on capital in this business? And continuing to invest at a high rate, should we see that play out in sales growth continuing at a double-digit or even mid-teen rate over the next year or two? And if you were, in theory, to ease up on investments, would we see cost of sales and OpEx go down and operating margins move up pretty significantly if you were to pull back on growth investments?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

So, Steven. Yeah, I'm sure Andi has probably a better answer on the qualitative factors here, but let me give you just some thoughts and it's interesting -- those are conversations that we're always having, right. The balance that we're trying to strike is we see and continue to be big believers in the long term strategic value of growing this consumer business to Herman Miller, to our shareholders. And it has been a slow walk, right, because we're in this mode of putting in place new studios that take time to get to maturity. And I know you've heard this from us before, but when you're in a mode of adding new store, you can never seem to catch up to the kind of profit traction you need when you're layering on the overhead and to Budd's earlier question, you're seeing the overhead ramp up in this business and we don't have just the benefit of leveraging that through revenue in these new immature studios.

So your question is -- it's a great one and it's one that we've talked about. Our belief is, we're right-minded to continue to invest. You're not going to see us invest that heavily in new DWR stores next year. So that is -- part of our thinking is that, we were heavy this year, we're going to try to allow the business, if you will, to kind of get its legs under a bit and we expect to see operating margin expansion and improvement as we walk here forward over the next couple of years. And our belief is, we can drive this business to high single digit operating margins over that time horizon, over the next two to three years, and along with very healthy top line growth. And if you just run the math on that, that's meaningful process contribution to the overall enterprise. So, Andi, you might be add anything to that.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, I know. I agree with Jeff on the top line growth and I think some good news for DWR is definitely that, but also as we slow down the expansion of new studios and we have studios that are coming to maturity, we see them really start to soar in their 18 to 24 months post opening. So we'll start to see that profitability come in as their store start to mature. And then as we start to invest in the HAY opening, we really believe that one of the magic parts of the HAY brand is that it has such a digital following and we believe that this brand will be highly digitally native.

And as we invest in Chief Digital Officer and technology around our retail and e-commerce businesses, we'll build a lot of revenue and volume from that as opposed to just opening bricks and mortar stores. So we'll be very strategic in where we're opening bricks and mortar to really balance that pre-opening and operating expense there and then build up the digital side of the business as well. So agree with everything Jeff said. I think we'll see it level out, but we will still be in investment mode as we go into next year, but we should see a higher operating income gradually over the next year or two in the retail and consumer business.

Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Great. Thanks. That all makes sense. And maybe to talk a little bit more to the near-term there and maybe I missed this in the commentary, that comparable growth, that DWR was pretty low in annualized sales per square foot dropping year-over-year, maybe square that with kind of the long-term investments and all the moving parts that you discussed when you were answering Budd's question.

Kevin Veltman -- Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasurer

Yeah, Steven, this is Kevin. There's a couple of factors that were driving that. One, as those of us in the Midwest are well aware, there were some weather-related elements that occurred over the quarter. So if you looked at our comparable brand growth, which was up one ahead of high comp against last year, but weather was an impact. You could probably add another 200 basis points to the comparable brand growth, if you factor that out to more normalized level.

In addition to that, the way some of the promotions paced in a a little bit this year versus last year, there were some timing elements that factored into the numbers as well. So, overall, as we mentioned in the prepared remarks, it's the 12th straight quarter of comparable brand growth. But to your point, there were a couple of factors driving it a little lower than what we had been running at.

Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Great. Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. (Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from the line of Greg Burns with Sidoti. Your line is now open.

Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company -- Analyst

Good afternoon. Sort of take a little deeper on the consumer side of the business and you talked about all the investments you're making and some of the reasons that margins are a little bit more compressed than we would have thought, but you were a couple of quarters ago engaged with an outside consulting firm on a lot earlier to a lot of efficiency initiatives. I just wanted to get an update on how is that going? Is there still room on that? Have you completed those initiatives? And are you just -- do you have just so many offsets now that we're not really seeing the benefits of those?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Hey, Greg. Jeff, here. I'll start. So, great question. We definitely have been making headway on that. Unfortunately, as you -- as we said it, as I walk you through those components of gross margin compression this quarter, (technical difficulty) has largely been overshadowed. But I can tell you, we're at an annualized run rate of benefit from that program that we estimate to be around $12 million a year. We think there's more room here. In fact, our project estimates had a much broader range. And so we are keeping the pedal down on driving further benefit from those programs as we move forward and we think we're gonna get some.

As Andi described to you, the impact of the higher net freight costs, that -- it's been one that has hurt us and we have to take a hard look at everything from pricing strategy there to -- and that includes, by the way, the impact of HAY coming into the overall mix of that business. But don't underestimate the impact of those kind of capital items that I talked about, the mix, the higher contract project mix in the storage cost, those are meaningful impact to the quarter and absence those I think we would have felt -- we would have all felt certainly better about the overall profitability business. But we're making headway, it's real, we can see it, by the way, you can see the benefits from supplier negotiations in the invoices. So we know it's real. The price, we took pricing action, but I guess that I think there's more room.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Agreed. Agreed.

Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company -- Analyst

Great. And it's feels like you have a good handle on the gross margin and offset inflation, what's your view on price increases this year or looking forward to your standard, end of the year price increase or do you have any other pricing actions planned? Thanks.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Greg, Jeff, again, I would say, at this point, we would expect to stay on the same cadence. Now, what are some things that could cause us to move off of that, there's this big question out there still around what the plan will be for tariffs. And while we're all, I think, optimistic that we're gonna get to a resolution on this, that will ultimately, hopefully, help reduce the overall drag from the tariffs on our margins that we felt all throughout Q3. But in the event that they were to go from the 10% level to the 25% level, we would have to take a hard look at them and consider it. But absent that kind of a move for something on the commodity front, we don't foresee. I think we're under our normal cadence now.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah, agreed.

Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company -- Analyst

Okay. I mean, do -- if it does go up to 25%, I mean, do you think you'd be able to, I guess, fully offset that increase or what capability to pass that along to the channel?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Well, the first thing we would do, Greg, is what we did when the tariffs were initially announced. We would take a hard look at the entire value chain with suppliers and we have great suppliers and we worked very hand-in-hand with those folks to try to, in many cases, kind of share the "pain," and we would certainly have those conversations. But I think if it were to go to that level or that magnitude, there are some other levers that we can pull with respect to sourcing up to and including alternate supply. We've already done some of that, I would say, on small scale examples, but we have a whole team of folks that spend a great deal of time looking at this and we have a playbook that we would pull out, that would involve some of those actions. And then pricing would be one that we would take a very hard look at, but as you know, Greg, it's challenging in this business. (technical difficulty)

Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company -- Analyst

Okay. Thank you.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yup.

Operator

Thank you. And we have a follow up question from the line of Budd Bugatch with Raymond James. Your line is now open.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Thank you. Can maybe we get an update on POSH and how APAC is doing, how Asia Pacific is doing, and how that's factored into the results in the quarter?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Budd, so APAC...

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

APAC is doing great.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

It's been a shinning star for us, all year and actually for the last couple of years. The team, we have -- I got to credit Jeremy Hocking, the guy who who runs that business for us and his team. He's got a terrific group there and they're just executing kind of on all levels. And the business in China has been very strong for us, as a rule for several quarters in a row. So -- and as you know, Budd, from past conversations, through the POSH acquisition, which happened several years ago, we got a couple of things that really benefited us. We got access to high quality dealers and distribution in that all important China region. And in addition to that, we got access to products that were priced appropriately for that region. And the combination of those products, along with Herman Miller branded products that are made in China, it's been a powerful combination and the business is doing terrific.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. I think the product development innovation that we got from POSH, Budd, has been a real boon and a win for that fast growing region. So many of those products we localized, as Jeff said, we've also been selling quite well in China. This is one of the areas where we'll be expanding dealership and expanding focus. I had been there actually several times now. I'm quite impressed with where we are in China and we continue to see year-over-year growth there. APAC, in general, including India, are areas of growth for us.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. And in part of our profit optimization work, Budd, involved a consolidation effort where we're combining two factories in China, one that was formerly a Ningbo and then in the POSH factory that we acquired in Southern China in Dongguan. And we've combined those two locations and really it was this past quarter that much of that work was done. It's still ongoing, it's not complete. But I can tell you that the team in Asia is really, really pleased with the level of productivity that they're seeing in that factory and the overall margins that we're getting out of the Asia business. And we think there's upside to that. So that would be one of those that I would point to in the profit optimization work. That said, we think we're running ahead of schedule and we think there's further improvement to be seen. So that's all part of the Asia operation for us.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Yeah. And just could have (multiple speakers) as a team.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

I'm sorry.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Go ahead, Budd.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Well -- and you didn't consolidate the Shenzhen factory into Ningbo? I could -- I'm trying to remember which way it went?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

No, we went Ningbo to Dongguan.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Ningbo to Dongguan, yeah.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

I see, so all of the production is now in Southern China and you sold the Ningbo factory? Will you able to get that done?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Those facilities were lease facility, Budd.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Got you. Okay. And talk a little bit about, if you would, what e-commerce looks like in the quarter and what's the prospects of that going forward are?

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

E-commerce channel is growing forth, but we haven't sized that. I think I got the question last quarter on this, so we haven't really disclosed the exact percentage of our consumer business for e-commerce. But it is has been a very fast growing channel for us and has continued to be in the third quarter. So, good traction there. HAY is very early days for us. Andi, I don't know, if you have add (multiple speakers)

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

HAY is actually well ahead of top and bottom line plan and I would say from an e-commerce perspective, outpacing the market from a trend standpoint.

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Okay. All right. Well, thank you, and good luck on the next quarter.

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Budd.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Thanks, Budd.

Operator

Thank you. And I'm showing no further questions. So, with that, I'll turn the call back over to President and CEO, Andi Owen, for closing remarks.

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Well, thanks, everyone, for joining us on the call today. We really appreciate your continued interest in Herman Miller and we look forward to updating you again next quarter and hopefully at our Investor Day on May 9th. Hope you all have a great evening, and do well. Thank you.

Operator

Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may all disconnect. Everyone, have a wonderful day.

Duration: 41 minutes

Call participants:

Kevin Veltman -- Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasurer

Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James & Associates -- Analyst

Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst

Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company -- Analyst

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