Election Night in November could last for days
On the evening of Nov. 8, 2016, stock market futures began to quiver around 9 pm, then plunge, as election returns started to show Donald Trump heading for a shocking upset win in the U.S. presidential election. The Associated Press gave Trump the winning margin around 2:30 am on November 9.
Election Eve 2020 could be a lot more uneventful, because there may not be a definitive winner in the presidential election for days. The move to mail-in voting in many states, as a safety measure amid the coronavirus pandemic, could delay ballot counts and create a very different experience for voters accustomed to news networks declaring a winner by the time most people wake up the morning after Election Day.
Key states such as Michigan, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and Texas have expanded mail-in voting, to limit the number of people who show up at crowded polling places on Election Day. Mail-in ballots typically take longer to count, and some don’t even arrive until after Election Day. “It’s time to let go of old ideas about how election night will work,” political scholar Lou Jacobson wrote recently in Politifact. “This November, there’s a good chance we won’t have a clear winner in the wee hours of the morning.”
Mail-in voting isn’t new, but significantly expanding it could make it impossible to project a winner in swing states on Election Day. California, for instance, accepts any mail-in ballot postmarked by Election Day, which means votes trickle in for several days after the polls officially close. A running joke is that California holds an “election month,” not an election day. After this year’s Democratic primary election, on March 3, it was clear Bernie Sanders had won a majority of the votes. But it took more than a week to determine how many delegates each Democratic candidate won, and the California secretary of state didn’t certify the final vote tallies until May 1, nearly two months later.
If the presidential election is a landslide in favor of either candidate, the outcome could be known quickly, because uncounted ballots wouldn’t add up to enough to change the vote. But most analysts expect a close election. The latest forecast by the Cook Political Report gives Democrat Joe Biden 248 electoral votes, and President Trump, the Republican, 204 electoral votes. That leaves 86 electoral votes up for grabs, enough to tilt the election either way.
A handful of swing states will determine the winner, including Arizona, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Most of them are likely to have a higher-than-usual portion of mail-in votes, and some are still working out the rules for counting ballots. In some states, for instance, election officials can count ballots as they come in, which speeds processing. But in other states, counting can’t begin until Election Day, which takes longer to get an official result. Like California, Florida, North Carolina and Texas accept ballots postmarked by Election Day, even if they arrive later. Those could be the last states to report results.