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"The Dynex team continued to deliver solid results last year while executing on our strategy to build a resilient and sustainable business," said Byron Boston, Chairman and Co-CEO. "The global environment is evolving rapidly and policy changes are likely to have a significant impact on financial markets. Our team remains focused on preparation and flexibility."

"We’re also excited to welcome T.J. to our executive leadership team and are confident that his extensive experience and knowledge of Dynex’s strategy will continue to drive industry-leading returns. T.J. has been instrumental to our growth since he joined Dynex, and I’m looking forward to working closely with him as we continue to manage our portfolio and optimize value for shareholders," said Smriti Popenoe, Co-CEO and President.

Earnings Conference Call

As previously announced, the Company's conference call to discuss these results is today at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time and may be accessed via telephone in the United States by dialing 1-888-330-2022 or internationally by dialing 1-646-960-0690 and providing the ID 1957092 or by live audio webcast by clicking the "Webcast" button in the "Current Events" section on the homepage of the Company's website (www.dynexcapital.com), which includes a slide presentation. To listen to the live conference call via telephone, please dial in at least ten minutes before the call begins. An archive of the webcast will be available on the Company's website approximately two hours after the live call ends.

Discussion of Fourth Quarter Results

The Company's interest income continues to increase as a result of its purchases of higher coupon investments in the past year. In addition, the Federal Reserve's recent interest rate cuts benefited the Company's comprehensive income to common shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2024 by lowering its interest expense related to repurchase agreement borrowings. The Company's interest rate swaps used to hedge its interest rate risk resulted in a net periodic interest benefit of $11.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2024.

As the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate rose and mortgage spreads widened during the fourth quarter of 2024, the fair value of the Company's MBS and TBA investments declined $(332.4) million. These losses were more than offset by gains of $337.3 million from U.S. Treasury futures and interest rate swaps.

Beginning in November 2024, the Company increased its monthly dividend from $0.13 per common share to $0.15 per common share due to its expected recognition of deferred tax hedge gains of $99.9 million in its distributable REIT taxable income for 2024. Details on the Company's hedging portfolio are discussed in more detail below.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's financial position during the fourth quarter of 2024:

Investment Portfolio and Financing

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company purchased approximately $606.3 million in Agency RMBS with coupons of 5.0% and 5.5% and increased its TBA positions by a net $415.0 million. The following table provides detail on the Company's MBS investments, including TBA securities as of December 31, 2024:

The following table provides detail on the Company's repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding as of the dates indicated:

The following table provides details on the performance of the Company's MBS, repurchase agreement financing, and interest rate swaps for the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to the prior quarter:

The Company's effective yield earned on its investment portfolio has continued to increase in recent quarters due to its purchases of higher yielding Agency RMBS. Although the Company's balance of borrowings has increased as a result of using repurchase agreements to partially financing these purchases, its cost of financing as a percentage of average borrowings has continued to decline in recent periods, further benefiting the Company's net interest spread. In addition, the Company has increased its use of interest rate swap agreements, which added a benefit of 0.74% for the fourth quarter of 2024 to the Company's economic net interest spread, a non-GAAP measure.

Hedging Portfolio

The Company uses certain derivative instruments ("interest rate hedges") to hedge exposure to interest rate risk arising from its investment and financing portfolio. The following table provides details on the Company's interest rate hedging portfolio as of the dates indicated:

The following table provides detail on the Company's "gain (loss) on derivatives, net" recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) during the periods indicated:⁽²⁾

The Company typically designates certain of its interest rate derivatives as hedges for tax purposes. Gains and losses realized upon maturity or termination of derivatives designated as hedges for tax purposes are amortized into the Company's REIT taxable income over the original periods hedged by those derivatives. The benefit expected to be recognized in taxable income for the year ended December 31, 2024 is estimated to be $99.9 million, or $1.41 per average common share outstanding. The Company's remaining estimated net deferred tax hedge gains from its interest rate hedging portfolio was $719.0 million as of December 31, 2024. These hedge gains will be part of the Company's future distribution requirements along with net interest income and other ordinary gains and losses in future periods.

The table below provides the projected amortization of the Company's net deferred tax hedge gains that may be recognized as taxable income over the periods indicated, given conditions known as of December 31, 2024; however, uncertainty inherent in the forward interest rate curve makes future realized gains and losses difficult to estimate, and as such, these projections are subject to change for any given period.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating the Company’s financial and operating performance, management considers book value per common share, total economic return to common shareholders, and other operating results presented in accordance with GAAP as well as certain non-GAAP financial measures, which include earnings available for distribution ("EAD") to common shareholders (including per common share) and economic net interest income (and the related metric economic net interest spread). Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures may be useful to investors because they are viewed by management as a measure of the investment portfolio’s return based on the effective yield of its investments, net of financing costs and, with respect to EAD, net of other normal recurring operating income/expenses.

Drop income/loss generated by TBA dollar roll positions, which is included in "gain (loss) on derivatives instruments, net" on the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive income, is included in EAD because management views drop income/loss as the economic equivalent of net interest income on the underlying Agency security from trade date to settlement date. However, drop income/loss does not represent the total realized gain/loss from the Company’s TBA securities.

Management also includes net periodic interest from its interest rate swaps, which is included in "gain (loss) on derivatives instruments, net", in each of these non-GAAP measures because interest rate swaps are used by the Company to economically hedge the impact of changing interest rates on its borrowing costs from repurchase agreements, and including net periodic interest from interest rate swaps is a helpful indicator of the Company’s total financing cost in addition to GAAP interest expense.

Non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for GAAP earnings and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other REITs because they may not be calculated in the same manner. Furthermore, though EAD is one of several factors our management considers in determining the appropriate level of distributions to common shareholders, it should not be utilized in isolation, and it is not an accurate indication of the Company’s REIT taxable income or its distribution requirements in accordance with the Tax Code.

Reconciliations of each non-GAAP measure to certain GAAP financial measures are provided below.

Forward Looking Statements

This release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words "believe," "expect," "forecast," "anticipate," "estimate," "project," "plan," "may," "could," "will," "continue" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements that are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified. Forward-looking statements in this release, including statements made in Mr. Boston's and Ms. Popenoe's quotes, may include, without limitation, statements regarding the Company's financial performance in future periods, future interest rates, future market credit spreads, management's views on expected characteristics of future investment and macroeconomic environments, central bank strategies, prepayment rates and investment risks, future investment strategies, future leverage levels and financing strategies, the use of specific financing and hedging instruments and the future impacts of these strategies, future actions by the Federal Reserve, and the expected performance of the Company's investments. The Company's actual results and timing of certain events could differ materially from those projected in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of unforeseen external factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, ability to find suitable investment opportunities; changes in domestic economic conditions; geopolitical events, such as terrorism, war or other military conflict, including the wars between Russia and Ukraine and between Israel and Hamas and the related impacts on macroeconomic conditions as a result of such conflicts; changes in interest rates and credit spreads, including the repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; the Company’s investment portfolio performance, particularly as it relates to cash flow, prepayment rates and credit performance; the impact on markets and asset prices from changes in the Federal Reserve’s policies regarding purchases of Agency RMBS, Agency CMBS, and U.S. Treasuries; actual or anticipated changes in Federal Reserve monetary policy or the monetary policy of other central banks; adverse reactions in U.S. financial markets related to actions of foreign central banks or the economic performance of foreign economies including in particular China, Japan, the European Union, and the United Kingdom; uncertainty concerning the long-term fiscal health and stability of the United States; the cost and availability of financing, including the future availability of financing due to changes to regulation of, and capital requirements imposed upon, financial institutions; the cost and availability of new equity capital; changes in the Company’s use of leverage; changes to the Company’s investment strategy, operating policies, dividend policy or asset allocations; the quality of performance of third-party servicer providers, including the Company's sole third-party service provider for our critical operations and trade functions; the loss or unavailability of the Company’s third-party service provider’s service and technology that supports critical functions of the Company’s business related to the Company’s trading and borrowing activities due to outages, interruptions, or other failures; the level of defaults by borrowers on loans underlying MBS; changes in the Company’s industry; increased competition; changes in government regulations affecting the Company’s business; changes or volatility in the repurchase agreement financing markets and other credit markets; changes to the market for interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments, including changes to margin requirements on derivative instruments; uncertainty regarding continued government support of the U.S. financial system and U.S. housing and real estate markets, or to reform the U.S. housing finance system including the resolution of the conservatorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; the composition of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve; the political environment in the U.S.; systems failures or cybersecurity incidents; and exposure to current and future claims and litigation. For additional information on risk factors that could affect the Company's forward-looking statements, see the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and other reports filed with and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

All forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by these and other cautionary statements that the Company makes from time to time in its filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and other public communications. The Company cannot assure the reader that it will realize the results or developments the Company anticipates or, even if substantially realized, that they will result in the consequences or affect the Company or its operations in the way the Company expects. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date on which they were made, except as otherwise required by law. As a result of these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included herein or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, the Company.

Company Description

Dynex Capital, Inc. is a financial services company committed to ethical stewardship of stakeholders' capital, employing comprehensive risk management and disciplined capital allocation to generate dividend income and long-term total returns through the diversified financing of real estate assets in the United States. Dynex operates as a REIT and is internally managed to maximize stakeholder alignment. Additional information about Dynex Capital, Inc. is available at www.dynexcapital.com.

⁽¹⁾ Source: Bloomberg.
⁽²⁾ Please refer to the section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for information on which of these amounts are recognized within the Company's non-GAAP measures.

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Contacts

Alison Griffin
(804) 217-5897