Dow and S&P 500 entered correction territory after Trump tariffs. What does that mean?

The U.S. stock market lost nearly $6.6 trillion in two days following President Donald Trump’s decision to levy tariffs on nearly every country in the world.

As markets continue reeling, economic uncertainty rises, and experts warn about a heightened risk of recession, you may have heard the Dow and S&P 500 entered correction territory and the Nasdaq dropped into bear market territory. But what does that mean?

More: Stock market ends wild day mostly down amid Trump tariff turmoil: Live updates

What is correction territory?

Correction territory is generally understood to mean a stock market indicator has dropped at least 10% from its recent market high. This is different from bear market territory, which refers to a stock market drop of 20% or more from a recent peak, or a closing high.

Every investment is susceptible to corrections. They can apply to individual stocks, bonds, or stock indexes such as the Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq.

Several things can prompt a correction including a change in economic policy, newly released jobs or inflation data, and company earnings reports.

NEW YORK, NEW YORK - APRIL 07: People walk outside the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on April 07, 2025 in New York City. Markets around the world fell dramatically again on Monday as global leaders, businesses and economies try to understand and come to terms with President Trump's tariff policy. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
NEW YORK, NEW YORK - APRIL 07: People walk outside the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on April 07, 2025 in New York City. Markets around the world fell dramatically again on Monday as global leaders, businesses and economies try to understand and come to terms with President Trump's tariff policy. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

How long does a market correction last?

Corrections are fairly common and viewed as a regular part of investing. Markets rise. Markets fall. When an investment enters correction territory, it usually recovers.

The duration of a market correction can vary widely but the average correction has lasted about 115 days, Yardeni Research showed. However, if it slips into a bear market, it typically can last anywhere from a few months to years.

The S&P 500 has entered correction territory 56 times since 1950, according to data compiled by Truist Financial experts.

Of those 56 times, stocks were higher a year later about 88% of the time, the data revealed while noting that past performance does not guarantee future results. In the seven times stocks had declined, six coincided with a recession – showing markets are influenced by the economy's overall trajectory.

Reach Rachel Barber at rbarber@usatoday.com and follow her X @rachelbarber_

This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: What is a stock market correction?