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This information is also available on the Investor Relations section of our website, along with a replay of this call. We will also discuss non-GAAP financial measures, which are reconciled to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in the tables in our earnings release, which is available at investors.datadoghq.com. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Olivier.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Thank you, Yuka, and thank you all for joining us this morning. We had a strong Q4 to end a very productive year. During 2024, we kept building and innovating as we scaled up our teams and went broader and deeper into the problems we solve for our customers from the cloud to AI. We continue to add new customers and expand with existing ones, and we delivered more value as customers adopted more products in the Datadog platform.

Let me start with a review of our Q4 financial performance. Revenue was $738 million, an increase of 25% year over year and above the high end of our guidance range. We ended with about 30,000 customers, up from about 27,300 a year ago. We ended Q4 with about 3,610 customers with an ARR of $100,000 or more, up from about 3,190 a year ago.

These customers generated about 88% of our ARR. We had 462 customers with ARR of $1 million or more compared to 396 a year ago. And we generated free cash flow of $241 million with a free cash flow margin of 33%. Turning to customer adoption.

Our platform strategy continues to resonate in the market. As of the end of Q4, 83% of customers were using two or more products, which is about the same as last year. 50% of customers were using four or more products, up from 47% a year ago. 26% of our customers were using six or more products, up from 22% a year ago, and 12% of our customers were using eight or more products, up from 9% a year ago.

During 2024, we continue to land and expand with larger customers. As of December 2024, 45% of the Fortune 500 are Datadog customers, up from 42% in 2023. We think many of the largest enterprises are still very early in their journey to the cloud. The median Datadog ARR for our Fortune 500 customers is still less than $0.5 million, which gives a very large opportunity for us to grow with these customers.

So, we're serving more customers with more products, and we are also very pleased to celebrate several milestones for the business. First, our total ARR now exceeds $3 billion, a big achievement for all of us at Datadog, even though we're still only just getting started. And we have achieved this milestone largely by growing our first product, Infrastructure Monitoring, and expanding into the other pillars of observability: APM and Log Management. Today, Infrastructure Monitoring contributes over $1.25 billion in ARR.

But we didn't stop there as Log Management is now over $750 million in ARR, and so is our third pillar as our end-to-end APM products together also exceed $750 million in ARR. Note that end-to-end APM includes all the Datadog products our customers use to monitor the applications, which are core APM, Continuous Profiler, Database Monitoring and Tracking, as well as Synthetics and Real User Monitoring. Now, remember that even in the three pillars of observability, we are still just getting started as more than half of our customers do not buy all three pillars from us or at least not yet. Meanwhile, we're making progress with our other products, and we are pleased to see them increasing in customer usage and growth.

Products outside the three pillars now contribute over $200 million in ARR, and we are excited about our growth opportunities in the many new products in this group. Now, let's discuss this quarter's business drivers. In Q4, we saw usage growth from existing customers that was roughly similar to the year-ago quarter. Our usage growth during the quarter generally played out as expected, including a stronger October and November and the slowdown we typically see at the end of December.

We continue to experience a stable business environment, and our customers overall are growing their cloud usage, while some are continuing to be cost conscious. We also hit a new record in bookings this quarter as our go-to-market teams executed on our first-ever quarter with over $1 billion in bookings. As a reminder, our bookings don't translate immediately into revenue growth, but it is an indicator that we continue to serve our new and existing customers well, and they are growing with us over time. Finally, churn has remained low, with gross revenue retention stable in the mid- to high 90s, highlighting the mission-critical nature of our platform for our customers.

Moving on to R&D and what we built in 2024. We released over 400 new features and capabilities this year. Not as too much for us to go back today, but let's go over some of our innovations. First, we continue to improve the Datadog platform.

We now have more than 850 integrations, making it easy for our customers to bring in every type of data they need, benefits from all the new AWS, Azure, GCP, and OCI capabilities, and engage with the latest technologies like the newly emerging AI stack. We announced Kubernetes auto scaling to help customers rightsize their Kubernetes environments without impacting stability and performance. We launched Datadog Monitoring for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, so customers can now monitor their OCI stack and unify their monitoring across all clouds and on-prem environments. And we took several big steps to expand on Datadog as the best observability platform for OpenTelemetry users, including making our infra monitoring and APM instrumentation fully interoperable with OTel components and improving the experience for OTel customers by embedding the OTel collector directly within the Datadog agent.

In the next-gen AI and LLM space, we continue to add capabilities to Bits AI, launching Bits AI for incident management and previewing Bits AI for autonomous investigations. We launched LLM Observability in general availability to help customers evaluate, safely deploy, and manage their models in production, and we continue to see increased interest in next-gen AI. At the end of Q4, about 3,500 customers use one or more Datadog AI integrations to send us data about their machine learning, AI, and LLM usage. In the end-to-end APM space, our error tracking product now allows customers to view and manage errors across user stations, applications, and logs all in one place.

We kept building out better observability, including the launch of Datadog Data Jobs Monitoring to help data engineers detect problematic Spark and Databricks jobs anywhere in their pipelines. And we expanded the technologies we can provide deep insights into such as Amazon SQS in data stream monitoring and MongoDB in database monitoring. In digital experience, our customers can now use our mobile app testing to test iOS and Android applications on real mobile phones. We allow faster investigation of mobile app issues with Mobile Session Replay.

And while product analytics remain in early stages, we are encouraged by customer interest in using Datadog to analyze user behavior for better business outcomes. In Log Management, Flex Logs launched into general availability, and customers can now cost-effectively retain and analyze massive volumes of data over long periods of time. We expanded Log Workspaces for advanced analytics and querying. And we simplified the deployment of observability pipelines with new out-of-the-box template and granular configuration options.

In cloud security, we now have more than 7,000 customers using one or more security products. We launched agentless scanning to detect risks and vulnerabilities within hosts, containers, and serverless across a whole cloud account in a few clicks. We shipped Datadog Infrastructure-as-Code Security, so our customers can identify and fix misconfigurations in their Terraform and CloudFormation code. Our customers can now use Kubernetes Security Posture Management to benchmark their environments against industry best practices.

We launched Code Security to detect vulnerabilities in first-party code running in production environments. We continue to expand on our software composition analysis capabilities. And we built many more integrations, content packs, and investigative workflows into our Cloud SIEM product. In software delivery, developers can now use Datadog Code Security with quality gates to ensure production code meets quality, security, and performance standards.

And we announced the ability for customers to observe DORA metrics to improve the speed and efficiency of the engineering teams. In cloud service management, we launched our modern scheduling solution, Datadog On-Call, for general availability last month. We are already seeing significant customer interest for it and are excited to solve this problem for our users. We launched Event Management for general availability using AI Ops to intelligently aggregate, consolidate, and simplify alerts from any sources.

We built out our Case Management functionality, so users can triage, assign, and close production-related tickets faster. And finally, our App Builder product lets users build apps to implement their own custom processes and workflows and take action directly within Datadog. So, I'd like to thank our product and engineering teams for a very productive 2024. And I'm super excited about what we will have planned for 2025.

Let's move on to sales and marketing. We had a strong close to 2024 with record bookings and some very exciting new logos and expansions. Let's go through a few. First, we landed a seven-figure annualized deal with a major U.S.

financial institution. This company was struggling with high costs and expansive logging tools. By using Datadog Flex Logs and Observability pipelines, this customer expects to save money on log management, and we'll redeploy those savings to invest in observability transformation. This customer is starting with four Datadog products and is replacing four commercial and open-source tools.

Next, we landed a seven-figure annualized deal with a large Brazilian retail company. This company had built a homegrown open-source base observability tool but had poor visibility into customer journeys for their shopping application. With Datadog, they quickly improved application performance, which drove higher app store ratings, better digital reputation, and improved user confidence. This customer is starting with five Datadog products.

Next, we landed a six-figure annualized deal with a leading American entertainment company. This company had limited visibility into their customers' experience on in-store kiosks and on their mobile app. By using Datadog's unified platform, this company will correlate monitoring across front and back end and enable multiple teams to collaborate for improved customer experience. This land deal featured our brand-new product analytics capabilities and will displace two commercial observability and analytics tools.

Next, we landed a high six-figure annualized deal with a U.S. regional health insurance company. This company's Medicare services business requires a SIEM, but its SIEM tool was expensive and poorly adopted by the teams. They will now rely on both Flex Log and our Cloud SIEM within GovCloud for significant cost savings, all that while improving security and compliance.

And we have the opportunity to provide additional value and expand to three-pillar end-to-end observability over time. Next, we signed a seven-figure annualized expansion with a Fortune 100 oil and gas company. This customer is moving thousands of hosts from on-prem to the cloud and will replace two legacy infrastructure network monitoring tools. The estimated cost and productivity savings from replacing these legacy tools exceed $1 million annually.

And we work with them to evaluate the productivity gains when thousands of users saw less disruption by incidents for expected savings of over $10 million per year. This customer is expanding to use 14 Datadog products. Last for today, we signed a seven-figure annualized expansion with a leading security software company. This customer built a homegrown log management tool using open-source software, but it was time-consuming to maintain, extremely costly, and perform poorly with unacceptable delays.

By moving to Flex Logs, this customer is already saving on tool cost, producing mean time to resolution, and increasing user productivity with estimated savings of over $1 million a year. And this customer is expanding to use eight Datadog products. And that's it for this quarter's highlights. Congrats again to our go-to-market team for their great work in 2024, our best-ever close to the year, and the exciting plans we've laid out for 2025.

Before I turn it over to David for a financial review, a few words on our longer-term outlook. We continue to believe digital transformation and cloud migration are long-term secular growth drivers of our business, as well as critical for every company to deliver value and gain competitive advantage. And we think moving to modern cloud-based technologies is more important than ever as more companies step up to adopt AI capabilities. We continue to focus on delivering innovation and value to our customers against their mission-critical needs.

And more than ever, we feel ideally positioned to help customers of every size in every industry to transform, innovate, and drive value through technology adoption. And with that, I will turn it over to our CFO. David?

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks, Olivier. To start, Q4 revenue was $738 million, up 25% year over year and up 7% quarter over quarter. To dive into some of the drivers of the Q4 revenue growth, overall, we saw trends for usage growth from existing customers that were consistent with our expectations. We continue to see conditions that were similar to recent quarters and roughly stable throughout 2024 with continued movement to cloud and modern DevOps technologies and with customers remaining cost conscious and seeking efficiency and value from their spend.

In Q4, we saw usage growth from existing customers that was roughly similar to the usage growth in the year-ago quarter. Next, we continue to see robust contribution from AI-native customers who represented about 6% of Q4 ARR, roughly the same as the quarter -- as last quarter and up from about 3% of ARR in the year-ago quarter. AI-native customers contributed about five percentage points of year-over-year revenue growth in Q4 versus four points in the last quarter and about three points in the year-ago quarter. So, we saw strong growth from AI-native customers in Q4.

We believe that adoption of AI will continue to benefit Datadog in the long term. Meanwhile, we did see some optimization and volume discounts related to contract renewals in Q4. We remain mindful that we may see volatility in our revenue growth on the backdrop of long-term volume growth from this cohort as customers renew with us on different terms and as they may choose to optimize cloud and observability usage. Next, as we look at usage growth by segment, similar to recent quarters, we are seeing the strongest year-over-year usage growth from our enterprise customers.

Meanwhile, our SMB customers' usage growth remained solid with slight year-over-year acceleration versus last quarter. As a reminder, we define enterprise as customers with 5,000 employees or more, mid-market as customers with 1,000 to 5,000 employees, and SMB as customers with less than 1,000 employees. Regarding our retention metrics, our trailing 12-month net revenue retention percentage was in the high 110s in Q4 compared to the mid-110s last quarter. And finally, our trailing 12-month gross revenue retention percentage remained stable in the mid- to high 90s.

Regarding our customer growth, we added 800 net customers in Q4 for a total of around 30,000 customers. This includes the highest number of gross new logos and dollar new logo annualized bookings since early 2023. Now, moving to our financial results. Billings were $908 million, up 26% year over year.

Remaining performance obligations, or RPO, was $2.27 billion, up 24% year over year. Current RPO growth was in the mid-20s percent year over year. RPO duration was down year over year. Normalizing for duration, RPO growth was in the mid-30s year over year.

We continue to believe revenue is a better indication of our business trends than billings and RPO as those can fluctuate relative to revenue based on the timing of invoicing and the duration of customer contracts. Now, let's review some of the key income statement results. Unless otherwise noted, all metrics are non-GAAP. We have provided a reconciliation of GAAP-to-non-GAAP financials in our earnings release.

First, gross profit in the quarter was $603 million for a gross margin of 81.7%. This compares to a gross margin of 81.1% last quarter and 83.4% in the year-ago quarter. Our Q4 opex grew 30% year over year, accelerating from 21% last quarter as we continue to execute on our hiring plans. This includes our successful investment in sales and marketing, which grew 31% year over year in Q4 2024 to 23% of revenues, up from 5% year-over-year growth in Q4 of 2023 at 22% of revenues.

We ended 2024 with sales and marketing head count of about 3,000, up from about 2,400 at the end of 2023. This also includes our successful investment in R&D, which grew 29% year over year in Q4 2024 to 29% of revenues, up from 15% year-over-year growth in Q4 last year at 28% of revenues. We ended 2024 with R&D head count of about 3,100, up from 2,400 at the end of 2023. Q4 operating income was $179 million or a 24% operating margin compared to 25% last quarter and 28% in the year-ago quarter.

Now, turning to the balance sheet and cash flow statements. We ended the quarter with $4.2 billion in cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. In December, we issued a five-year $1 billion convertible note. We used $122 million of the proceeds for transaction costs and cap calls associated with these notes.

And simultaneous with the issuance of these notes, we've repurchased approximately 15% of our outstanding 2025 convertible notes and terminated the associated cap calls for net costs of $142 million. After taking into account this issuance and repurchasing activity, our cash balance increased by $736 million net. $636 million principal amount of the 2025 convertible notes and associated cap calls remains outstanding, and we expect to retire the outstanding amount of the 2025 notes on or before their maturity date of June 15, 2025. Cash flow from operations was $265 million in the quarter.

After taking into account capital expenditures and capitalized software, free cash flow was $241 million for a free cash flow margin of 33%. And now, for our outlook for the first quarter and fiscal year 2025. First, our guidance philosophy remains unchanged. As a reminder, we base our guidance on trends observed in recent months and apply conservatism on these growth trends.

So, for the first quarter, we expect revenues to be in the range of $737 million to $741 million, which represents 21% year-over-year growth. Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $162 million to $166 million, which implies an operating margin of 22%. And non-GAAP net income per share is expected to be $0.41 to $0.43 per share based on approximately 366 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding. And for the full fiscal year 2025, we expect revenues to be in the range of $3.175 billion to $3.195 billion, which represents 18% to 19% year-over-year growth.

Non-GAAP operating income is expected to be in the range of $655 million to $675 million, which implies an operating margin of 21%. And non-GAAP net income per share is expected to be in the range of $1.65 to $1.70 per share based on approximately 369 million weighted average diluted shares outstanding. Now, for some additional notes on this guidance. As it relates to our growth in opex and hiring, first, we successfully executed on our hiring plans in 2024, ending the year with about 6,500 employees, growing 27% year over year.

And we remain excited by our numerous long-term growth opportunities. Our operating profit guidance reflects our intent to continue to invest for future growth in 2025. Because of that, our operating profit guidance implies operating expense growth in the high 20s percent range year over year. As we did in 2024, we expect to grow our investments in both sales and marketing and R&D this year.

As I discussed earlier, in Q4, sales and marketing expenses grew 31% year over year, and R&D expense grew 29% year over year. We continue to expand our capabilities in sales and marketing, including expanding in our less mature geographies, adding more channel and alliance capabilities, and extending our efforts around larger enterprises, among many other initiatives. And in R&D, we are focused on delivering more value to our customers, both in expanding the number of products for our customers and the capabilities we add as part of the Datadog platform. Meanwhile, we continue to balance our investments in long-term growth with financial discipline, as we have executed in the past.

Now, turning to the other areas of the P&L. First, we expect net interest and other income for fiscal 2025 to be approximately $120 million. Regarding taxes, our non-GAAP tax rate is 21% in fiscal year 2025, and this is reflected in our non-GAAP net income per share guidance. Next, we expect our cash taxes in 2025 to be about 1% of 2025 revenues or about $30 million to $35 million.

While we have utilized the majority of our U.S.-based NOLs, we have R&D tax credits and deductions related to stock-based compensation that reduced our cash tax payments. Finally, we expect capital expenditures and capitalized software together to be in the 4% to 5% of revenues range in 2025. Now, to summarize, we are pleased with our execution in 2024. We are well-positioned to help our existing and prospective customers with their cloud migration and digital transformation journeys.

And we continue to invest in our growth opportunities in 2025. And I want to thank all Datadogs worldwide for their efforts last year, and I'm very excited about our plans for this year. And with that, we will open the call for questions. Operator, let's begin the Q&A.

Questions & Answers:

Operator

[Operator instructions] Please stand by while we compile the Q&A roster. And our first question comes from Mark Murphy with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Mark Murphy -- Analyst

Thank you so much. Great to see the record bookings in Q4. I'm curious how you're feeling overall about the book of business for AI-native customers. We recall you anticipated several months ago that some of them were growing so rapidly that they would increase their commitments with better terms.

And I'm curious if the developments that you mentioned on the call aligned with that or whether any of them might become so large that they would try to handle observability in-house. In other words, I'm trying to understand if the AI usage and commits are kind of on the same trajectory that they were on or whether you feel that there are some oscillations there.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Thanks for the question. So, I think the -- in general, what happened during the quarter is pretty much what we thought would happen when we discussed it in the last earnings call. When you look at the AI cohort, we definitely saw some renewals with higher commits, better terms, and optimization usage all at the same time, which is fairly typical, which typically happens with larger customers, in particular. At the time of renewal, customers are going to trying to optimize what they can.

They're going to get better prices from us. They'll up their commitments. And we might see a flat or down month or quarter after that, with a still sharp growth from the year before and growth to come in the year to come. That, we typically see.

When you look at the cohort as a whole, even with that significant renewal, optimization, and better unit economics, this quarter as a whole is stable quarter to quarter in its revenue, and it's growing a lot from the quarter before, even with all that. Now, when you talk about like some very large customers that are growing extremely fast, perhaps the fastest we've seen in the tech industry, there is always customers that want to in-house their observability or monitoring. Typically, what we see is it's more of a cultural choice because it's not economically rational unless you have a combination of tremendous scale, exceptional access to talent, and you also don't have a growth that is limited by the engineering bandwidth you have for innovation work that is core to your business. And so, all three are typically never true at the same time.

If you look at the top five, 10 companies in the world by infrastructure size today, some don't run any third-party software and build everything themselves. Some do run third-party software and do run our service usually on part of their businesses. But really, at the end of the day, like those 510 companies are not the market for selling software or SaaS, and they never have been. So, the rest of the world is the core market.

And when we talk about the AI cohort, what's interesting is not so much this relatively small set of AI-native companies, and we see them more as a sign of things to come in terms of a broader AI adoption. So, what's interesting to us is how the rest of the world starts operating in AI workload and grows into that.

Mark Murphy -- Analyst

OK. Understood. And then just as a very quick follow-up, Olivier, either for Olivier or David, all three major hyperscalers did miss their Q4 revenue forecast. And they were talking about capacity constraints on the AI side.

But the non-AI side for some of them seem to slow just regular typical cloud migrations. And I'm just wondering if you felt the timing of the holidays, excuse me, had any impact on December or whether their AI capacity constraints might be flowing through to Datadog as well.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. It's hard to tell exactly what's going on with the AI capacity constraint and things like that. If I would just compare and contrast what we do with our growth with the cloud providers, overall, we're growing a bit faster than the cloud providers, including the very big bump they're getting from selling GPUS, which is not something we monetize very well on our end, in part because those GPUs are largely attached to trading workloads that we don't play a big role in, but also in part because these are sort of new pieces of infrastructure that will have different needs as they become more broadly used by a larger number of companies. If you back out the -- as you mentioned, the GPU-related, AI-related part of the growth for the top providers, they are slowing down, and we are meaningfully outgrowing them at that part of the business.

And I think that if you zoom out, that's sort of in line with the broader trend of -- we're driven by -- our business is driven by digital information and cloud transformation, which is happening, which will keep happening, and we're outgrowing that trend now and in the long run.

Mark Murphy -- Analyst

Thank you very much. Really appreciate it.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Sanjit Singh with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Sanjit Singh -- Analyst

Yeah, thank you for taking the question, and congrats on the record bookings quarter in Q4. Olivier, I want to talk, on the sales and marketing side, how you're thinking about this year in terms of the magnitude of change versus the prior year, whether it's relating to the investments in underserved geos with the channel partners or continuing to serve the enterprise opportunity. What do you have in store for the sales organization going into 2025?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

So, we have quite a bit in store. There's a number of parts of the business we're being a little bit more deliberate about pushing the product, in particular, in the segments where we think we're on the cusp of acceleration in critical mass, and we can invest and push behind that. So, there's a few examples. We mentioned, for example, some of the customer wins we discussed today.

We mentioned a number of wins for Flex Logs. And we definitely see the potential for logs and Flex Logs, in particular, to get much more adoption in the market. We also see a very interesting and timely competitive opening there with some of the bigger players being taken out recently. So, there's efforts like that that we're pushing, too.

Another example we gave on the call or the product that's exciting to us right now is On-Call. On-Call is brand-new, just entered GA. But demand is very, very strong. So, we are making sure that we have the right programs from a go-to-market perspective to make sure those products can take off as they should.

So, if you zoom out from the specific product-related programs or the specific partner-related or segment-related, a number of those, what we're doing really that matters is we are growing the sales capacity. We've been growing the sales capacity last year. I would say we probably got a bit of a slower start last year in the first half of the year at growing the sales capacity than we would have wanted. We accelerated that throughout the second half of the year.

We're still accelerating this sales capacity growth, and we expect to see the results from that, too. A good rule of thumb is when you invest in sales, when you hire sales and marketing, you start seeing the impact one to two years after that. When you hire engineering and you build the R&D capacity, you start seeing the impact two to three years after that. So, that's the -- we're pushing toward that.

Sanjit Singh -- Analyst

That makes total sense. And just as a follow-up, I actually was going to ask about logs and Flex Logs. It sort of dominated a lot of your customer highlights this quarter. In terms of like logs becoming a sort of renewed focus, you know, across the sort of observability stack, you obviously have some incumbents.

But is there anything sort of changing technologically? You guys have obviously, I think, rearchitected your log platform, but what seems to be driving the renewed interest in log and Cloud SIEM that gets you excited about the opportunity?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Well, the combination of -- you know, there's a -- there's definitely new interesting technologies and economics that relate to these technologies that resonate well with customers. And also, now, you can keep a lot more data and keep it for a lot longer. And it's a lot more cost-efficient. And so, that's definitely one aspect.

Second aspect is modernizing the stack with something that's really cloud-first, cloud-based, which was not the case of the platforms that were mostly used before that. And then there's interesting opportunities to also unify some of the operational aspects and the security aspects. Alongside with Flex Logs, we also see quite a bit of demand for Cloud SIEM. And we think the combination of those is very interesting.

So, I would say all those together are what drive the renewed specific interest in that part of the business and logs and why we're pushing this.

Sanjit Singh -- Analyst

Thank you. I appreciate the thoughts.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Raimo Lenschow with Barclays. Your line is open.

Raimo Lenschow -- Analyst

Hey, perfect. Thank you. There's a lot of focus on the big AI guys at the moment, but how do you -- I mean, that's -- but that's only the starting point for the AI opportunity. Can you see -- like what you see in first feedback on people looking at inference workloads and trying to have observability on them? Because I would assume in the long run, that's probably the bigger opportunity.

What do you see there? And then the question -- and I have a follow-up for David.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. So ,on the inference side, mostly, still what customers do is they use a third-party model, either through an API or through a third-party inference platform. And they -- and what they're interested in is measuring whether that model is doing the right thing. And that's what we serve right now with LLM Observability, for example.

That's where we see quite a bit of adoption that does not come largely from the AI-native companies. So, that's what we see today. In terms of operating the inference stack fully, we see relatively few customers do that yet. We think that's something that's going to come next.

And by the way, we're very excited by the developments we see in the field. It looks like there's many, many different options that are going to be viable for running your AI inference. There's a very healthy set of commercial API gated services. There's models that you can install in the open source.

There are models in the open source today that are rivaling in quality with the best closed API models. So, we think the ecosystem is developing into a rich, diverse ecosystem that will allow customers to have a diversity of modalities for using AI, which is exciting.

Raimo Lenschow -- Analyst

OK. Yes, that's really exciting. And then, David, like if you think about the increased investments that we're seeing across sales and marketing and R&D, obviously, we could have kind of taken kind of an accelerated approach or an approach there like this time last year, the year before, etc. What drives your confidence or what drives the decision to kind of think this year? Like what are the signals that you're seeing out there to kind of get you excited about that? Thank you.

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. It's really bottoms up. We look at the geographies in one case, where we see the white space and the evidence of success and attainment and the accounts that, as we talked about internationally, we don't fully cover. Next, as you know, we've been developing our channel and our partnerships.

We think there's a big opportunity there. So, we've been increasing our investment and see return on that. The percentage of our sales that are affected by channel partners has been increasing. So, there's evidence there.

And then in terms of across the different types of customers, we see very large enterprise customers that need to be treated in a certain way and have been increasing the way we go to market. Of course, we go bottoms up, but we also have an increasing effort in some key accounts. So, all of those things are based on the evidence of the demand cycles we see in our results to date.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

One thing to keep in mind when we look at -- because I know it's something that's in the back of the mind of many of our listeners here. When we look at growing the sales capacity and the relationship between that and how we think we're going and things like that in particular, remember that the revenue comes from usage, and usage is only loosely related to time, to the bookings we get from the sales teams. And so, when we think about the guidance going forward and what we're looking at for the year, it's all based on usage, recent usage trends that we discount into the future. And it doesn't really incorporate a lot of the longer-term gains we get from the scaling of the go-to-market.

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Just adding one more thing. I think we said that in 2023, with the risks that we saw in the market, that we did take a prudent approach, and we slowed down the growth of the go-to-market. So, there is some of catch-up of -- essentially, these are things that we pull back on a little bit, took a little more conservative approach. And once we saw the evidence in some of these territories, we began to accelerate.

And if you look at the sales and marketing investment in the second half of the year, you'll see that we started to be successful in increasing our quota capacity and our go-to-market investments.

Raimo Lenschow -- Analyst

OK. Perfect. Thank you.

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Kash Rangan with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Kash Rangan -- Analyst

Hi. Thank you very much. I'm wondering if I could get your assessment of the disparity between the strong forward-looking indicators, so it's RPO, CRP, or forward-looking event of the business versus the conservative guidance. Any thoughts on that? Is it a bit more conservative given that your forward-looking indicators actually look a little bit stronger than one would have expected? And second, maybe this one is for you, David.

Is there -- at the margin, any change at all with respect to the usage upside versus the commitment that customers are making? And therefore, that could help understand why the guidance is what it is. Thank you so much once again.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. So, I think on the first question, really, that's what I was just commenting on, which is that the revenue report is based on usage. And we only -- when we get the usage from customers. And it's not directly linked in time to the bookings.

In many cases, the bookings come ahead of the revenue customer. So, we'll have a new customer, and it's going to take them time to ramp into their commitment. In some cases, the bookings can trail the revenue. Say, customers grew a lot and they were -- they had a lot of uncommitted revenue, and then they will commit to some or part of that over time.

So, it's -- there's less of a direct relationship there. Again, when we look at guidance --

Kash Rangan -- Analyst

I get that. I think you explained it. But at the margin, how do you convert those commitments into usage? I mean, are there things that you're emphasizing in the organization to get better conversion in a shorter span of time? That was really the heart of the question if I'm not clear. Sorry about that.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. There's a number of things we're doing for that, right? I mean, part of it is the -- the usual question of how much of your comp plan on the sale side should be usage versus bookings. And we're definitely experimenting with some different ratios there, and we try to optimize for the best outcomes. But in general, again, just if I go back to the biggest question, which is what's the relationship between what we see there and the guidance, guidance is really based on the recent trends, and we extrapolate them with some discount.

So, by definition, even though we see acceleration from the drivers, we ourselves invest more in some areas, it's unlikely that we -- unless we see direct acceleration in the recent quarter that we -- you will see accelerating a number of the guidance there just because of the way this is constructed. Like we're very disciplined in terms of sticking to the usage trends there.

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. Just to add, I think we've said that in some quarters, the bookings and RPO numbers might diverge from the ARR and revenue growth. I think in this quarter, you see there's pretty good convergence, right? They all point to the same range, etc. We certainly have the motion, as you mentioned, of assigning commits and then working with clients to use those commits and then go above that.

That hasn't changed. So, the amount of spread between usage and commits is similar to what it's been. I think you're correct. A lot of what we do operationally and our customer success, our technical account management, our product management, our marketing is about trying to get our customers to use more of the platform.

And in the metrics we show, both in terms of revenues of the different product areas and in the cross-sell metrics, that continues to be strong. I'll echo what Oli said was when we provide the guidance, we really haven't changed our methodology. We take what we know from those trends, and we've essentially put conservatism going forward. So, I think you can't necessarily go one to one there, and we've not changed our approach in doing that and provided guidance.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Matt Hedberg with RBC. Your line is open.

Matthew Hedberg -- Analyst

Great. Thanks for taking my question. David, for you, it was nice to see NRR pick up a bit. And I realize it's a trailing-12 metric, and this year was met with a lot of stability here.

I'm just sort of curious, when you think about that going forward, what have you embedded from a retention perspective in your '25 outlook? And then maybe to put a finer point on the AI-native question earlier, does your guidance assume that we see a pretty stable contribution there throughout the year?

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Yeah. So, on the first question, yes, it has been ticking up. And then what we do essentially, there's really two inputs into revenue guidance. One is -- and the largest one is what is net retention, and the other is what contribution from new.

And we essentially, as you know, and you can probably figure that out, we do take the net retention and then discount that. So, that's what we look at. In terms of the AI contribution, I think we try to embed that in the level of the discount. I think we essentially don't assume that there's going to be some non-pro rata acceleration of AI.

There may be. It's a big opportunity, but we don't assume that. So, we try to take the conservatism that we have in our net retention or expansion rate and apply that across the customer base, not being smart enough to know exactly where it might be or not be.

Matthew Hedberg -- Analyst

Got it. Thanks. Congrats on the results, guys.

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Thanks.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Koji Ikeda with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Koji Ikeda -- Analyst

Yeah. Hey, guys, thanks so much for taking the questions. I appreciate all the disclosure on ARR coming from the three core pillars here on Infrastructure Monitoring, APM, and logs. And so, as we move into 2025 and beyond, how do you think about the potential for Infrastructure Monitoring specifically the growth there to accelerate from current levels? And what would be the trigger for that?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Great question. I think there's -- first, there's a number of new DCs that are emerging that are related to infrastructure that we might want to cover. Again, once they're emerging, they're actually emerging, like we still have to see what the actual need is from the large number of customers. I'm talking in particular about infrastructure concerns around GPU management, GPU optimization, I guess quite a lot going on there that we can potentially do.

But we -- for that, we need to see broad usage of the raw GPUs by a large number of customers as opposed to usage by a smaller number of native customers, which is mostly what we still see to that. There are some interesting pockets of the market that we don't get into today because there are still some large IoT fleets or on-prem fleet. So, things that are part of our customers set up that we were not built some they want to handle, but that are not becoming part of the picture as those customers settle in some form of mix of what they have on the cloud and where they keep on-prem. And so, we see some opportunity there, too.

So, there's a number already has where we can progress on the on the infrastructure side. Another area is network monitoring, which we've been building up. So, there's a few things there. But we definitely still see quite a bit of opportunity.

The largest opportunity, of course, is that look, even for faster monitoring, where we're clearly the leader, we still have a relatively small part of the market that is growing in the cloud. And so, a lot of our efforts have to do with making sure that one will land enough of the right customers. Now, again, we still have a bit less than half of the Fortune 500 as customers today and then for those customers who get into all of their workloads, all of their environments, and we keep growing that.

Koji Ikeda -- Analyst

Got it. Thank you. And just a follow-up here on and the impacts to revenue and guidance. And so, I know the vast majority of contracts are in USD, about 30% of revenue being international.

Are you considering some changes in pricing and packaging, making pricing more localized for international customers? And then also trying to understand any benefits to operating margin from FX in 2024 and how that may be accounted for in the 2025 guide?

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Yes. As you know, we are largely a U.S. dollar-based company. Our exposure is not very high.

We have -- we do occasionally look at local billing. It's not something that is significant. I think that's all wrapped up into our offers to our clients. And I think unlike other companies that have been reporting, FX is not a very major effect on our financial results.

Koji Ikeda -- Analyst

Thank you.

Operator

Thank you. Our next question comes from Eric Heath with KeyBanc. Your line is open.

Eric Heath -- Analyst

Hey, thanks for taking the question here. Oli, you talked about Flex Logs having a lot of success, some M&A in the marketplace that's opened up some opportunity. But just curious from a displacement activity that you're seeing with some of the recent M&A takeouts on the SIEM and log management vendors and curious also what your ability is to win both the logs and security use cases because in our feedback talking to customers and channel, it sounds like it's oftentimes one or the other but not both. So, I'm curious of your ability to win both those workloads.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. So, what happens is -- so first of all, we see a lot of success with some of the migrations, in particular, to Flex Logs. The majority of those use cases are around DevOps as opposed to SIEM, to start, but we do see a number of opportunities that come solely from SIEM, to start with. You're right that they typically don't come together because the two are typically purchased by different parts of the org.

And maybe they come up at different times, or maybe the motivations come from different parts of the org to change. But what we've seen is that in the growing number of migrations to Flex Logs, we've seen -- we typically start with a few workloads in Flex Logs in ops. And then after that, we see more workloads in ops open and some conversations on the SIEM side. I would say historically, the SIEM side has been harder to convert because it is more heavily entrenched with a lot of specific queries and workflows that are built on top of legacy product.

But we've developed a lot of functionality to not only come to parity with all the functionality that's being used for those custom builds but also to have customers directly migrate that. And that's part of the efforts that are coming to bear this year in terms of being able to accelerate on the go-to-market with those products.

Eric Heath -- Analyst

Awesome. And Oli, I'd love to just get some of your thoughts on agentic AI and AI generally. Just curious, when we think about agents, which parts of the core observability platform that you think are most relevant or going to be most beneficial to your business as you start to monitor those?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Yeah. Well, first of all, it's a bit hard to tell because it's a very nascent field. So, my guess is, in a year, it will probably look different from what it looks like today. Just like this year, it looks very different from what it looked like last year.

What we do see, though, is that when we built -- we started building our LLM Observability product. Most of the use cases we saw there from customers were chatbot in nature or rag in nature, trying to access information and return the information. Now, we see more and more customers building agents on top of that and sending us the data from their agents. So, we definitely see a growing trend there of adoption.

And the LLM Observability product is a good level of abstraction, at least for the current iteration of these agents to look at them. So, that's what we can see today. In our internal development, obviously, we use our own products heavily for that, and we see a lot of different opportunities to automate work with agents on top of our platform. I will say, though, that we also do see new modalities, different modalities for developing those agents.

The market is changing very, very quickly there.

Eric Heath -- Analyst

Thanks, Oli.

Operator

Thank you. And our final question comes from Patrick Walravens with Citizens JMP. Your line is open.

Patrick Walravens -- Analyst

Great. Thank you so much. So, Oli, I think you started touching on this, but you guys help your customers to digitally transform. But when you look inside of Datadog, what are some of the processes and the areas where you see the possibility to really drive some improvements?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Inside Datadog?

Patrick Walravens -- Analyst

Yeah, inside Datadog.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Well, it's everywhere, like the -- what's fascinating about the current evolution of AI, in particular, is that it touches a lot of the different areas of the business. The first area to be transformed is really the way software is being built, what engineers use, how they write right software, how they debug software, how they also operate their systems. And part of that is outside tooling we're using for writing software. Part of that is [Inaudible] or new products for automating incident resolution and that sort of thing.

So, that's the first area. There's a number of other areas that are going to see large improvements in productivity. Typically, everything that has to do with supporting customers, helping with onboarding, helping troubleshoot issues, like all of that is seeing acceleration. In the end, we expect to see improvements everywhere, from front office to back office.

Patrick Walravens -- Analyst

Thank you. And then the follow-up on that is, do you see your efficiency as an organization overall increasing where you can just grow with sort of the same number of people? Do you feel like in the future, you're going to need to add the same amount of head count to drive growth as you do today?

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Well, I mean, in general, just to the level set, we're very efficient as an organization already, like we have leading sales efficiency metrics. We've been highly innovative, growing fast, and at the same time, we've shown that we could deliver very good margins all the way to the bottom line. So, I consider ourselves to be a very efficient organization. Right now, any productivity we gain on the R&D side is reinvested in building more and delivering more functionality and generating more growth.

I would say in the short to midterm, we should expect also that any productivity we gain on the other side of the business is also going to be reinvested in R&D and building more and getting more differentiation or in getting more scale faster on the GTM side. So, for the short to midterm, that should be the expectation. Long term, I was already expecting us to be a very efficient company and a highly profitable company, and I think all of those advantages are only going to emphasize that.

Patrick Walravens -- Analyst

Great. Thanks, Oli.

Operator

Thank you. This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn it back to CEO, Olivier Pomel, for closing remarks.

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

All right. Thank you. And again, I want to thank the team for a super, super productive year. We have a lot planned, whether that's on the go-to-market or on scaling the company on the product development side for 2025.

So, I'm really impatient to see how this unfolds and to share with everyone and our customers, in particular, everything we've been working on. So, thank you all.

Operator

[Operator signoff]

Duration: 0 minutes

Call participants:

Yuka Broderick -- Vice President, Investor Relations

Olivier Pomel -- Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

David M. Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Mark Murphy -- Analyst

Sanjit Singh -- Analyst

Raimo Lenschow -- Analyst

David Obstler -- Chief Financial Officer

Kash Rangan -- Analyst

Matthew Hedberg -- Analyst

Matt Hedberg -- Analyst

Koji Ikeda -- Analyst

Eric Heath -- Analyst

Patrick Walravens -- Analyst

Pat Walravens -- Analyst

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Datadog (DDOG) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript was originally published by The Motley Fool