IRS tax brackets determine your tax rates and how much money you’ll owe Uncle Sam come tax day. People with large incomes fall into higher federal income tax brackets, so if you earn a lot of money each year, you’ll forfeit a higher percentage of your income to the taxman.
Here are the five filing status categories, according to the IRS:
Single
Married filing jointly
Married filing separately
Head of household
Qualifying widow(er) with dependent child
Each category contains seven tax brackets: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. The lowest tax bracket is for filers who earn $9,875 or less — you’ll pay a flat rate of 10% if your income falls within this range.
After that, you’ll pay a higher rate, but only on the amount that you earn above the previous tax bracket. So, for example, individual taxpayers earning $9,875 to $40,125 are in the 12% tax bracket, but they do not owe 12% on their entire income. They will owe $987.5 to cover 10% of their first $9,875 in income, plus 12% on any amount they earn over that first $9,875.
Because it pays to file taxes in the lowest possible bracket during any tax year, you should reduce your taxable income as much as possible. That said, you should never attempt to conceal income or cheat on your taxes — ever. The risks dramatically outweigh the potential rewards, and the likelihood of getting caught is high. Instead, use every legal tool at your disposal to minimize your taxable income and take every deduction that you qualify for.
Here are 10 options that can help lower your tax bracket:
1. Tie the Knot With Another Taxpayer
You shouldn’t get married just to save a few bucks during tax season. But, if you’re already considering taking the plunge, know that married couples might save money by filing jointly — especially if one spouse doesn’t work or earns much less than the other. If your combined income qualifies you for a lower bracket, be sure to take advantage.
2. Put Money in a Tax-Deferred 401(k)
When you contribute to your employer-based retirement plan, not only are you saving for retirement, but you’re also immediately lowering your taxable income. Every dollar you contribute is a dollar less you’ll have to pay taxes on when you file.
3. Donate Money to Charity
Generally speaking, donations to charity are tax-deductible. You can write off IRS-qualified charitable contributions and donations to decrease your taxable income, which could lower your tax bracket. You can’t, however, deduct donations you make to individuals, so make sure the recipient of your gift qualifies for a deduction.
4. Look For a Job
Being out of work might provide you with additional write-offs. If you’re looking for work, you might be able to deduct some of your job-hunting expenses — as long as you’re searching in your current field.
5. Go To School
College and university students — or the person who pays for their school expenses — are entitled to several tax deductions. If you’re in school, you can reduce the amount of your taxable income by up to $4,000 if you’re paying at least that amount in tuition costs. You can also write off certain related expenses such as student fees.
6. Use a Flexible Spending Account
Some employers offer employees flexible spending accounts or medical reimbursement accounts. If you have one available to you, take full advantage of it. The money that you set aside isn’t taxed, and you can use it for out-of-pocket medical expenses. Although they’re not required to, employers can make contributions to employees’ FSA.
7. Use a Child Care Reimbursement Account
Some 70% of Americans spend at least 10% of their income on child care, and 1 in 3 are spending at least 20%, according to a Care.com survey. Some employers offer child care reimbursement accounts, which are similar to FSAs. The money you set aside in this type of account isn’t taxable, so you pay child care bills with pretax dollars.
8. Sell Losing Stocks
For those with investment accounts, chances are that you have some ugly ducklings you’d love to get rid of. If you’ve sold other stocks for profits that year, you can sell those stocks to realize the losses and reduce your taxable capital gains. Note that stocks you hold for less than a year are taxed differently from those taxed at the long-term capital gains tax rate.
If your employer doesn’t offer a 401(k) plan — or if you work for yourself — saving for retirement is your responsibility. You have several different kinds of individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, from which to choose.
Two of the most common accounts are Roth IRAs and traditional IRAs. Choose the latter if you want to lower your tax bracket — unlike traditional IRAs, contributions to Roth IRAs are not tax-deductible.
10. Consider Taking the Standard Deduction
Taxpayers who don’t take itemized deductions qualify for what’s called the standard deduction. In 2018, the deduction is $12,000 for single taxpayers or married couples filing separately and $24,000 for married couples filing jointly.
You can’t take the standard deduction and itemized deduction at the same time, so do the math or consult a tax professional to see which one makes sense for you. Also, don’t forget to explore potentially lucrative, money-saving credits like the earned income tax credit.
