(Recasts; updates throughout with fresh quotes and details)

By David Morgan, Richard Cowan and Moira Warburton

WASHINGTON, Nov 19 (Reuters) - President Joe Biden's $1.75 trillion bill https://www.reuters.com/business/cop/whats-bidens-175-trillion-build-back-better-package-2021-11-05 to bolster the social safety net and fight climate change passed the U.S. House of Representatives on Friday and headed to the Senate, where divided moderates and liberals still need to reach agreement.

The House passed the measure in a 220-213 vote, which was postponed for hours by an angry overnight opposition speech https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-could-vote-build-back-better-thursday-pelosi-2021-11-18 from the chamber's top Republican. Elated Democrats gathered on the House floor to cheer the vote with waves of applause, while disgruntled Republicans called for order.

"Now, the Build Back Better Act goes to the United States Senate, where I look forward to it passing as soon as possible so I can sign it into law," Biden said in a statement following the vote.

Senate Democrats hope to reach agreement by the end of December with centrist Democrats Joe Manchin and Kyrsten Sinema, who have raised concerns about the bill's size and some of its provisions.

Deliberations over an assortment of prickly issues, ranging from tax policy to government-paid family leave benefits, are likely to alter the measure before it can pass the chamber. A defection by any of the Senate's 48 Democrats and the two independents who caucus with them would sink the bill, which faces united Republican opposition.

"Good luck in the Senate," Republican Representative Kat Cammack told Democrats, as she delivered a final set of Republican proxy votes against the bill.

An altered Senate version would require the House to vote again before Biden could sign the measure into law.

But with the initial House passage complete and the recent enactment of a $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill, Biden and his Democratic allies have considerable momentum as the measure approaches the finish line.

"At the end of the day we will have a great bill," House Speaker Nancy Pelosi told reporters after the vote.

The bill has been scaled down substantially from Democrats' initial $3.5 trillion plan but would still invest billions to expand education, lower healthcare costs and tackle climate change.

Friday's House vote came after Republican House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy spoke for a record-setting 8-1/2 hours starting late Thursday. He cataloged a list of Republican grievances - some related to the bill and some not - and at times shouted down Democrats in the House who were openly dismissive.