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Daniel Ko

Thank you, Tom. We continue to find attractive investment opportunities across the CLO market in junior CLO debt and CLO equity. With ample dry powder, EIC capitalized on the market opportunity in the fourth quarter by investing in high yielding CLO debt and CLO equity. We continue to believe floating rate CLO offers an attractive return profile compared to other fixed income securities, even if rates come down a bit more.
Furthermore, CLO equity is relatively insulated from rate movements because it is a principally a spread arbitrage product. Also, all things equal, lower rates should lead to a lower loan default rate in our underlying CLO portfolios. During the fourth quarter, we found attractive return profiles in both the primary and secondary markets.
We deployed approximately $91 million of gross capital into new investments. The weighted average effective yield of the new CLO purchases during the quarter was a robust 11%. The S&P UBS leveraged loan index, formerly the Credit Suisse leveraged loan Index, finished the year strong, generating a total return of 2.3% for the quarter and 9.1% for 2024.
The index continued its positive trajectory into the new year with loans up 70 basis points in January. During the fourth quarter, approximately 7% of leveraged loans market-wide, or roughly 26% annualized, repaid at par. The prepayments were once again driven by loan issuers focused on refinancing their near-term maturities in an effort to further extend the maturity profile of their debt.
Regarding new CLO issuances, we saw $59 billion of new issuances in the fourth quarter of 2024, leading to a record $202 billion for the full year, exceeding the previous record of $187 billion set in 2021. Despite the record level of new CLO issuances, net issuance of CLOs was a more modest $70 billion in 2024.
As expected, we continue to see a large increase in resets and refinancings of CLOs driven in large part by tightening CLO debt spreads. Similarly, breaking 2021 records, total issuance volume, including refinancings and resets, reached $509 billion for the year, exceeding $438 billion from a few years ago. For 2024, we completed five refinancings of our CLO equity positions which lowered the debt costs by an average of 28 basis points.
We also completed four resets which extended the reinvestment period of each CLO to five years and thereby increased our CLO equities portfolios, weighted average remaining reinvestment period, or [WORP] to 3.0 years. Increasing [WORP] remains our focus for the CLO equity portion of EIC's portfolio.
We continue to expect that refinancing, resets, and calls will lead to some of our previous discounted CLO BB purchases being repaid at par, crystallizing the convexity in certain of our investments sooner than anticipated, and realizing gains in the portfolio.
There were only 9 leveraged loan defaults in the fourth quarter with the trailing 12-month default rate rising slightly to 0.9% as of year-end, still remaining well below the historical average of 2.6%. EIC's portfolio's default exposure as of December 31 stood at 0.4%. We expect default risk to remain low for the foreseeable future.
As we've consistently noted, CLO BBs have performed well through numerous economic cycles in the past, experiencing very low long-term default rates. We believe it would take a significant amount of loan defaults, well above the historical average, coupled with limited loan price volatility for EIC's portfolio to be permanently impacted by a default wave.
We remain well positioned to deploy new capital into additional investments that offer compelling risk adjusted returns for the company's portfolio. With that, I will now turn the call over to our adviser's Chief Accounting Officer Lena Umnova to walk through our financial results.

Lena Umnova

Thank you, Dan, During the fourth quarter, the company recorded NII and realized gains of $10.6 million or $0.54 per share. This compares to NII and realized gains of $0.57 per share recorded for the third quarter of 2024, and NII last realized losses of $0.54 per share for the fourth quarter of 2023. When unrealized portfolio appreciation is included, the company recorded GAAP net income of $15 million or $0.76 per share.
The company's fourth quarter net income was comprised of total investment income of $13.6 million, net realized gain on investments of $1.6 million, net unrealized appreciation on investments of $2.0 million, and unrealized depreciation on sovereign liabilities held at fair value of $2.5 million. This was partially upset by financing costs and operating expenses of $4.7 million.
Additionally, for the fourth quarter, the company recorded other comprehensive losses of $2.4 million, representing the change in fair value on the company's financial liabilities attributed to instruments specific credit risk. During the fourth quarter we paid three monthly distributions of $0.20 per share, and last week we also declared monthly distributions of $0.20 per share through June 2025.
As a PRN, the company had outstanding borrowings from the revolving credit facility and preferred equity, which totaled 30% of total assets less current liabilities. This measure is within our long-term target leverage ratio range of 25% to 35%, at which we expect to operate the company under normal market conditions.
The company's assets coverage ratios at quarter end for preferred stock and debt calculated in accordance with Investment Company Act requirements were 336% and 22,429%, comparably above the statutory requirements of 200% and 300% for preferred stock and debt. As of December month end, the company's net asset value was $317 million or $14.99 per share, a 1% increase compared to $14.90 per share as of September month end.
Moving on to our portfolio activity so far this year through January 31, the company receives recurring cash flows on its investment portfolio of [$15.1 billion]. Note that some of the company's investments are still expected to make their first payments later in the quarter.
As of January 30, net pending investment transactions and settlements, the company had over $30 million of cash and revolver capacity available for investment. Management and audited estimate of the company's now as of January 31 was between $14.96 and $15.06 per share. At the midpoint, it's up from where it stood at the end of 2024.
I will now turn the call back over to Tom to provide closing remarks before we open it up for questions.

Thomas Majewski

Thanks, Lena. EIC had a great 2024 and it's positioned well for 2025. We continue to believe our portfolio is constructed to succeed in any rate or economic environment. We will continue to closely monitor changes in short term rates and indeed we are considering deploying additional capital into CLO equity, which is generally less rate sensitive than CLO BBs.
We maintain the view that CLO BBs and CLO equity are some of the most resilient asset classes in the market. And attributable to both their structural protections and underlying collateral, and we remain confident that EIC is well positioned to continue generating compelling risk adjusted returns for our fellow shareholders.
We thank you for your time and interest in Eagle Point Income Company. Lena, Dan, and I will now open the call to your questions, operator.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions).
The first question comes from the line of Mickey Schleien from Ladenburg Thalmann. Please go ahead.

Mickey M. Schleien

Yes, good morning, everyone. Tom, CLO liability spreads have tightened dramatically, with a lack of M&A, sort of limiting new CLO creation. As you've been involved in this market, through many cycles, how do you see CLO debt liability spreads trending over the next couple of years?

Thomas Majewski

I don't know where they're going to be tomorrow. Good morning. The, tomorrow they're probably around the same and maybe a little tighter. So over time, CLO debt tranches of which EIC invests in, have performed exceptionally well from a total return perspective, certainly relative to the ratings and an absolute instance of loss. CLO BBs have had, I think it's a 4 basis points default rate annually over the last 30 years.
Tranche is above that. Generally, have even lower default rates obviously. You get paid very well. So AAA today generically are 115 over, that's a 5% and, 5.5% return, give or take. That's pretty darn attractive for an asset class that's never had a pick, let alone the default. That spread has always been wider than other most other widespread, broadly accepted structured products.
Even going back to the pre-financial crisis days, CLO was always wide to the CMBS and things like that. It should continue to trend tighter. An option that CLO debt investors right is a little bit of a spread option if historic credit expense is very low. The one thing that's less certain compared to other forms of structured products is the call right.
And while we're very happy at EIC and that generated $0.08 of realized gains for us this quarter, by the vast majority of that were CEOs that were called and paid off at par when we had bought the BBs at a discount proverbially yesterday. The bad news is now we have to go reinvest and in general we're reinvesting those might have been 700 over bonds or 600 over bonds.
We're reinvesting in a 500 over market, so. On one hand, relative to the credit expense, CLO debt spreads are very wide in my opinion, even at today's tight levels. That said, we're facing reinvestment risk or we're having to reinvest tighter than the stuff that's getting called out, and it's because equity investors are calling deals and refinancing them tighter.
Resetting them or refinancing them or calling them, so it should continue to grow grind tighter over time based on credit experience in the asset class. The one variability is the call right, which is not embedded in a lot of other ABS or CMBS type products, not the way it is in CLOs. So holders of CLO debt are writing some degree of spread option, but in our view we're getting very well compensated for it.

Mickey M. Schleien

Yeah, I agree with that view, Tom, and I suppose that's sort of the backdrop in your prepared remarks of why you're looking at increasing your allocation to CLO equity, and you've also increased your allocation to CFO debt and equity, so. Those are generating very nice yields for you. Could you just highlight the risks and CFOs compared to CLOs and how high are you willing to go with your allocation to CFO and CLO equity?

Thomas Majewski

Sure, so for CLO equity, I think we Hang on second I'm looking at [30 minutes 35], yeah, CLO of equity, we do state in our materials. I wanted to make sure I had the number right. For everything we kind of target no more than 35%, so it's 65% BB sort of minimum in our in our management, you never want to go all the way to the extremes on these things. Could we see CLO equity get to 30% of the portfolio?
That doesn't strike me as crazy. Obviously, it's all market dependent, but that's something I would see going potentially going up a little bit, but certainly overall we have the hard minimum of 65% CLO debt, which I would obviously that we don't plan to tinker with that. So broadly, could you see CLO equity going up a bit I think would be the one change if you had to think what could happen depending on market conditions in our portfolio.
To talk about CFOs and we have just a small number of positions in here. These are investments that popped up. We've got three different vehicles, and we have different tranches of them, some debt and some equity. This kind of comes from an Eagle Point as a firm, we have a large and robust CFO investment program. We have certainly hundreds of millions of dollars, maybe even.
Probably Well over half a billion, not a billion of invested in this market here at EIC has $13 million give or take of fair value plus or minus a tiny bit. It's a relatively very small portion of the portfolio and these investments, presented particularly attractive opportunities and you can see by the yields on the CFO debt and then the expected yield, effective yields on the CFO equity.
We hope every investment yields that well, obviously, they, those are kind of real peaches to find those when they do. In general, we are not a big buyer of CFO equity, but there are a few special exceptions, particularly the secondary funds which we think have a real upside potential. In many cases, the borrowers, the companies in these underlying vehicles, are the same companies that are the borrowers and CLOs.
So, the underlying credits in these are principally corporate credit just the same that we have seen in CLOs. In some cases, though, this is the equity of those companies owned through funds, so we moved a little bit down in the capital structure with them. On the flip side, these are very attractive, risk adjusted yields for sure. The amount of subordination below the average CFO debt tranche is much greater than in a CLO debt tranche.
Order of magnitude could be 2X, the amount of subordination generically, if you think of a CFO, a CLO is having 8% par subordination to a BB tranche. A CFO. In many cases would have 20% subordination. Some may be higher, some may be lower, but generically that's where I think of it. So you have a bunch more subordination coming in. And then with the secondary ones,
One of the things that makes secondary investing in LP markets so attractive is these folks are generically able to buy LP interest at $0.80 to $0.90 of fair value, providing liquidity for someone who's in a locked-up vehicle, but they have to take a discount to get it. It's always a good idea to buy, I'll take the midpoint of that 85. It's always a good thing to buy 100 at 85 if you have the wherewithal to hold it, and certainly the CFOs do and EIC does.
That said, there's risk, the underlying of most of this is equity of the same companies but not necessarily credit of the same companies. That said, CFO debt is a credit instrument against that portfolio, and these folks all have great track records doing what they do. A little bit of a long answer. I wouldn't expect this portion of the portfolio to grow significantly.
Could it grow a little bit, possibly highly selective when EIC participates in investments like these, but you can see from the yields, we always like buying $100 bills for $0.85 on the dollar. We're getting locked up to hold it for a while, but that's the thing that makes these attractive and then the debt. I wish all our CLO BBs yielded what these, what these CFO debt tranches are yielding a little bit different risk profile but a lot more equity subordination.

Mickey M. Schleien

Looks really interesting, Tom. My last question is, following up. I calculate the weighted average cash yield in EIC's CLO equity investments to have remained in the mid-twenties, but the weighted average effective yield keeps ticking down as the arbitrage has been challenged with such tight loan spreads. We've talked about this many times over the years, but over time those yields need to track each other.
So yeah, how do you see that relationship developing given that, cash yields remain so attractive?

Daniel Ko

Hey Mickey, it's Dan ko here. I mean, hey, how are you? And so, we see certainly, as you mentioned, the cash yields remaining very attractive, but CLO equity, when we kind of calculate in an effective yield, and we are factoring in that we're not going to get necessarily $1.00 on the dollar back kind of at the end, CLO equity.
Typically, does not get that amount obviously if we do that's great, but you know I guess our base case is that we get somewhere between $0.40 to $0.60 on the dollar back at the end. So that kind of I guess explains why the cash yields are so high, but then the effective yields are much lower than that.
I guess the effective yields also been somewhat affected by some of the spread compression that we've been seeing in the market on the loan side, but we've also been kind of counteracting that. With some of the refinancing and reset activity that we've been doing to cut the liability costs on the on the CLO debt side of the equations to to kind of balance that out.

Thomas Majewski

So on one hand I'm complaining that our bonds are getting ripped out of us and paid off at par. We love the gains that we're realizing. We hope we, can't forecast it, but we love $0.08 of gains. That's great. Bad news, we're reinvesting our lower spreads. That's for our CLO BB portfolio. Good news for our CLO equity portfolios we can reset those BBs tighter, which we did a number in this CLO.
This fund had a number of resets, and we'll continue to do them whenever possible. So what our weighted average spread on the loans was down, but our weighted average AAA, every time we do a reset, we're usually lowering our costs there too. So we want to keep it as low as possible on the right side. And one really nice thing, loan spreads will move up and down over time.
It spreads gap out tomorrow, which is not what we're predicting, but if it were to happen, the new CLO debt spreads that we're locking in today as an equity for our equity book, it lasts for 5 years or 7 years. So if loan spreads widen. We've still got today's cheap AAA's locked in.

Mickey M. Schleien

I understand everything you and Dan have explained, but I'm not sure I understand how you expect sort of the delta between the cash yields and the effective yields to progress, because over time they need to trend in the same direction, but that's not happening now. Are you implying that you think effective yields have sort of bottomed out?

Thomas Majewski

But not specifically. the I guess the one thing when we and we lay out all our assumptions and the footnotes of the financials in painstaking detail, we assume loan spreads in our effective yields, we assume loan spreads continue to tighten by a certain amount, but we don't assume any resets or refinancing on the CLOs. We do assume a call at an optimal call date, some period of time after the reinvestment period.
But so one of the things going on is loan spreads are coming down right now and we're in our models assuming loan spreads will go down further, but we're not taking any credit on the liability side of the CLOs. That's one thing that will certainly exacerbate some of this to the extent you watch the broader loan market and see loan spreads keep coming down, that comes down in all of our CLOs even if we reset a handful this quarter.
You know we're going to have more pain on the asset side by a few basis points, then we'll have benefit on our liability side with any given CLO. That's going to probably, I could see that moving the wrong way for a little while. Against that we continue to go in and rip out costs on the right side of CLOs whenever it makes economic sense to do so.

Mickey M. Schleien

I understand that's it for me this afternoon. I appreciate your time thank you.

Thomas Majewski

Thanks for calling in, Mickey.

Operator

Thank you, (Operator Instructions) As there are no further questions, I will now hand the conference over to Thomas Majewski for his closing comments.

Thomas Majewski

Great, thank you very much, Lina, Dan, and I appreciate everyone's interest in Eagle Point Income Company, a great 2024, 2025, off to a good start. We're around later today if folks have any questions, happy to follow up with further details. Thank you and have a great day.

Operator

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, the conference of Eagle Point Income Company has now concluded. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.